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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
171

Digitala tvillingar i samhällsplaneringen : Kommunernas väg till en digital tvilling / Digital twins in Spatial planning

Jakobsson, Jesper, Magnusson, Lukas January 2023 (has links)
Denna uppsats är ett examensarbete i kandidatprogrammet Lantmätarprogrammet: samhällsplanering och samhällsuppbyggnad och handlar om vilka problem det finns med att implementera en digital tvilling i samhällsplanering. Det presenteras också vilka åtgärder som kan göras. En digital tvilling kan enklast förklaras som en digital kopia av ett fysiskt objekt. Den har flera användningsområden där den exempelvis kan utföra olika simulationer och analyser. De senaste åren har den däremot blivit allt vanligare inom samhällsplaneringen, detta skapar nya problem, dels finns det ingen allmän definition av vad en digital tvilling är inom samhällsplaneringen. Då staden är komplext som innehåller ett socialt system. Det leder till att i denna studie kommer det att undersökas vad ett fortgående digitaliseringsarbete hade kunnat bidra med, hur en allmän definition av en digital tvilling i samhällsplaneringen kan underlätta. Det kommer även presenteras ett antal aspekter som bör tas i beaktning om/närdet skapas nationella riktlinjer för digitala tvillingar inom samhällsplaneringen Studiens frågeställningar besvaras genom en explorativ observationsstudie och intervjuer som utförts med Trollhättans- och Göteborgs stad. Det har genom dessa metoder undersökts hur det ser i dagsläget och vilka problem som finns. Utifrån detta framställdes fyra frågeställningar. En dokumentanalys utfördes för att framställa ett teoretiskt ramverk som speglas mot hur det ser ut i praktiken. I resultatet framställs det empiriska materialet från intervjuer samt från Karlskronas hemsida och videoguider. De aspekter som bör tas i beaktning efter vad som framställts i resultatet är artificiell intelligens, hållbar utveckling, insamling och bearbetning av data samt ett sociotekniskt perspektiv. / This Bachelor thesis is the final work in land surveyor: Urban management and spatial planning and it is about what problems there are in implementing a digital twin in spatial planning. It is also presented which measures that can be taken. A digital twin can most easily be explained as a digital copy of a physical object. It has several uses where it can, for example, perform various simulations and analyzes. In recent years, however, it has become increasingly common in urban planning, this creates new problems, and there is no general definition of what a digital twin is in urban planning. Then the city is complex because it contains a social system. This means that in this study it will be investigated what an ongoing digitization work could have contributed with, how a general definition of a digital twin in urban planning can facilitate. A number of aspects will also be presented that should be taken into account if/when national guidelines for digital twins in urban planning will be created. The study's questions are answered through an exploratory observational study and interviews conducted with the cities of Trollhättan and Gothenburg. Through these methods, it has been investigated how it looks at present and what problems that exist. Based on this, four questions were raised. A document analysis was performed to produce a theoretical framework that is mirrored against how it looks in practice. The result presents the empirical material from interviews as well as Karlskronas website and videoguides. The aspects that should be taken into account according to what has been presented in the results are artificial intelligence, sustainable development, data collection and processing, and a socio-technical perspective.
172

Técnicas de sísmica pasiva HVSR aplicadas a la geotecnia. Aplicación al estudio de Movimientos en Masa en la Planificación Territorial e Infraestructura Civil en Ecuador

Alonso Pandavenes, Olegario Martin 15 February 2024 (has links)
Tesis por compendio / [ES] Los deslizamientos son uno de los riesgos naturales que más trascendencia tiene en la actividad humana. En Ecuador, en época de lluvias (una de las dos estaciones del año), este tipo de eventos supone una de las mayores preocupaciones y situaciones de peligro en todo su territorio. El estudio de los deslizamientos supone una inversión importante cuando se trata de enfrentarlo aplicando sondeos mecánicos. Desde hace ya unas décadas, el uso de técnicas geofísicas en las investigaciones, incluso en la definición de la superficie de ruptura, ha permitido reducir costes y obtener información más amplia correlacionable con técnicas directas. No obstante, el empleo de geofísica de forma única en los estudios geológicos y geotécnicos precisa de la combinación de varios métodos, de manera que se pueda obtener un modelo ajustado y preciso. Las técnicas del método sísmico son las más empleadas en los estudios de deslizamientos y la sísmica pasiva se han venido aplicando recientemente con éxito. La técnica de cociente espectral (HVSR), que Nakamura definió en los 80, trata de la medida del ruido ambiental (de forma pasiva) mediante un sistema de tres geófonos orientados en las direcciones del espacio. Esta técnica es admitida en la definición del periodo de vibración del terreno (microzonificación sísmica, interacción suelo-estructura), pero su aplicación en otros campos es aún restringida. Esto es debido a su escasa capacidad de definición de los materiales en profundidad a partir de un modelo de dos capas. Sin embargo, aprovechando esta característica se ha desarrollado su aplicación al estudio y determinación de la superficie de ruptura de deslizamientos en Ecuador. Partiendo de los resultados de estudios de la determinación del basamento bajo la Presa de San Marcos (Cayambe, provincia de Pichincha) donde la aplicación de la técnica HVSR ha permitido delinear el substrato rocoso en una zona profunda (más de 80 m) compuesta por rellenos de valle. Esto se ha realizado mediante la correlación de las frecuencias naturales de vibración del terreno y la información en perforaciones que alcanzaron el substrato. Este estudio también permitió definir nuevas estructuras tectónicas. Los resultados fueron transferidos al estudio de dos deslizamientos diferentes. En Pujilí (Cotopaxi) se investigó un deslizamiento de materiales similares (deslizados y estáticos) donde el contraste de impedancias (cambios de velocidad sísmica y densidad del terreno) permitió diferenciar la superficie de ruptura. También se pudo identificar zonas de inestabilidad potencial (continuación del movimiento) y estudiar fracturas interiores en la masa movilizada (usando la directividad), relacionadas con sus tensiones internas. La aplicación del HVSR se respaldó mediante perfiles de sísmica de refracción y MASW para obtener un estudio en dos dimensiones de la zona deslizada, aplicando la relación entre la frecuencia natural del terreno y la velocidad de la onda de corte para los materiales en movimiento. El otro caso es un deslizamiento en Guarumales (Azuay) donde los materiales deslizantes están sobre un basamento metamórfico. Las zonas de actividad fueron analizadas y determinadas comprobándose que se relacionaban con la estabilización acometida en la zona para la habilitación de la vía de acceso a instalaciones de una hidroeléctrica. La metodología empleada fue similar a la empleada en Cayambe, pero basándose exclusivamente en otras técnicas geofísicas (SEV y sísmica activa). Estas investigaciones han podido constatar la aplicabilidad de las técnicas geofísicas como herramientas en estudios preliminares que proporcionan información espacial, con tiempos reducidos de aplicación y procesado y económicamente rentables. Estos estudios pueden ser aplicados en fases iniciales o en análisis premonitorios y ser empleados en la toma de decisiones, permitiendo la identificación de la superficie de ruptura. / [CA] Els lliscaments són un dels riscos naturals que més transcendència té en l'activitat humana. A l'Equador, en època de pluges (una de les dues estacions de l'any), este tipus d'esdeveniments suposa una de les majors preocupacions i situacions de perill en tot el seu territori. L'estudi dels lliscaments suposa una inversió important quan es tracta d'enfrontar-lo aplicant sondejos mecànics. Des de fa ja unes dècades, l'ús de tècniques geofísiques en les investigacions, fins i tot en la definició de la superfície de ruptura, ha permés reduir costos i obtindre informació més àmplia correlacionable amb tècniques directes. No obstant això, l'ús de geofísica de manera única en els estudis geològics i geotècnics precisa de la combinació de diversos mètodes, de manera que es puga obtindre un model ajustat i precís. Les tècniques del mètode sísmic són les més emprades en els estudis de lliscaments i la sísmica passiva s'han vingut aplicant recentment amb èxit. La tècnica de quocient espectral (HVSR), que Nakamura va definir en els 80, tracta de la mesura del soroll ambiental (de manera passiva) mitjançant un sistema de tres geófonos orientats en les direccions de l'espai. Esta tècnica és admesa en la definició del període de vibració del terreny (microzonificació sísmica, interacció sòl-estructura), però la seua aplicació en altres camps és encara restringida. Això és degut a la seua escassa capacitat de definició dels materials en profunditat a partir d'un model de dues capes. No obstant això, aprofitant esta característica s'ha desenvolupat la seua aplicació a l'estudi i determinació de la superfície de ruptura de lliscaments a l'Equador. Partint dels resultats d'estudis de la determinació del basament sota la Presa de Sant Marcos (Cayambe, província de Pichincha) on l'aplicació de la tècnica HVSR ha permés delinear el substrat rocós en una zona profunda (més de 80 m) composta per farciments de vall. Això s'ha realitzat mitjançant la correlació de les freqüències naturals de vibració del terreny i la informació en perforacions que van aconseguir el substrat. Este estudi també va permetre definir noves estructures tectòniques. Els resultats van ser transferits a l'estudi de dos lliscaments diferents. En Pujilí (Cotopaxi) es va investigar un lliscament de materials similars (lliscats i estàtics) on el contrast d'impedàncies (canvis de velocitat sísmica i densitat del terreny) va permetre diferenciar la superfície de ruptura. També es va poder identificar zones d'inestabilitat potencial (continuació del moviment) i estudiar fractures interiors en la massa mobilitzada (usant la directivitat), relacionades amb les seues tensions internes. L'aplicació del HVSR es va recolzar mitjançant perfils de sísmica de refracció i MASW per a obtindre un estudi en dues dimensions de la zona lliscada, aplicant la relació entre la freqüència natural del terreny i la velocitat de l'ona de tall per als materials en moviment. L'altre cas és un lliscament en Guarumales (Azuay) on els materials lliscants estan sobre un basament metamòrfic. Les zones d'activitat van ser analitzades i determinades comprovant-se que es relacionaven amb l'estabilització escomesa en la zona per a l'habilitació de la via d'accés a instal·lacions d'una hidroelèctrica. La metodologia emprada va ser similar a l'empleada en Cayambe, però basant-se exclusivament en altres tècniques geofísiques (SEV i sísmica activa). Estes investigacions han pogut constatar l'aplicabilitat de les tècniques geofísiques com a eines en estudis preliminars que proporcionen informació espacial, amb temps reduïts d'aplicació i processament i econòmicament rendibles. Estos estudis poden ser aplicats en fases inicials o en anàlisis premonitòries i ser emprats en la presa de decisions, permetent la identificació de la superfície de ruptura. / [EN] Landslides are one of the most significant natural risks in human activity. In Ecuador, during the rainy season (one of the two seasons of the year), this type of event is one of the most significant concerns and dangerous situations throughout its territory. The study of landslides represents a significant investment in dealing with it by applying mechanical surveys. For decades now, the use of geophysical techniques in investigations, including in the definition of the rupture surface, has made it possible to reduce costs and obtain broader information correlatable with direct techniques. However, using geophysics in a unique way in geological and geotechnical studies requires the combination of several methods so an adjusted and accurate model can be obtained. The seismic method techniques are the most used in landslide studies, and passive seismic has been successfully applied recently. The spectral ratio technique (HVSR), which Nakamura defined in the 1980s, deals with measuring environmental noise (passively) using a system of three geophones oriented in spatial directions. This technique is accepted in the definition of the ground vibration period (seismic microzonation, soil-structure interaction), but its application in other fields is still restricted. That is due to its poor ability to define materials in depth from a two-layer model. However, taking advantage of this characteristic, its application to the study and determination of the landslide rupture surface in Ecuador has been developed. Based on the results of studies of the determination of the basement under the San Marcos Dam (Cayambe, province of Pichincha), where the application of the HVSR technique has allowed the delineation of the rock substrate in a deep area (more than 80 m) composed of fills of valley. That has been done by correlating the natural vibration frequencies of the ground and the information in drillings that reached the substrate. This study also allowed new tectonic structures to be defined. The results were transferred to the study of two different landslides. In Pujilí (Cotopaxi), a landslide of similar materials (slid and static) was investigated where the contrast of impedances (changes in seismic velocity and ground density) allowed the rupture surface to be differentiated. Identifying areas of potential instability (continuation of movement) and studying internal fractures in the mobilized mass (using directivity) related to its internal tensions was also possible. The application of HVSR was supported by refraction seismic profiles and MASW to obtain a two-dimensional study of the slipped zone, applying the relationship between the natural frequency of the terrain and the shear wave velocity for moving materials. The other case is a landslide in Guarumales (Azuay), where the sliding materials are on a metamorphic basement. The areas of activity were analyzed and determined, proving that they were related to the stabilization carried out in the area to enable the access road to hydroelectric facilities. The methodology was similar to that used in Cayambe but was based exclusively on other geophysical techniques (VES and active seismic). These investigations have confirmed the applicability of geophysical techniques as tools in preliminary studies that provide spatial information with reduced application and processing times and are economically profitable. These studies can be applied in initial phases or premonitory analyses and used in decision-making, allowing the identification of the rupture surface. / Alonso Pandavenes, OM. (2024). Técnicas de sísmica pasiva HVSR aplicadas a la geotecnia. Aplicación al estudio de Movimientos en Masa en la Planificación Territorial e Infraestructura Civil en Ecuador [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/202657 / Compendio
173

Delibertiv demokrati i 'soft space planning' : En fallstudie om informella samarbetsnätverk på kommunal nivå

Svensson, Erik January 2022 (has links)
Studien utforskar hur ideal från den deliberativa demokratiteorin speglas i ett svenskt planeringsfall som går att definiera som ett informellt samarbetsnätverk, eller ’soft space in planning’. Syftet med arbetet är att delge en ökad kunskap kring den problematik som kan uppstå när aktörer å ena sidan vill effektivisera planeringsformerna men å andra sidan också måste säkerställa att de demokratiska grunderna vidhålls. Arbetet utgår ifrån deltagandet i och observerandet utav ett exploateringsprojekt i en svensk kommun där kommunen tillsammans med en byggaktör och arkitekt inlett en process utanför den lagstadgade planprocessen för att komma fram till en gemensam vision. Observationerna kompletteras med en intervjustudie där en informant från respektive aktör intervjuats. Sammanfattningsvis visade resultatet att en av grundprinciperna för processen var att skapa en arena för öppen diskussion angående de värden som önskades inkorporeras i platsens utformning. Under processens gång fanns det moment som upprätthöll de deliberativa idealen genom att tillåta alla aktörers representanter en plats i samtalet. Däremot innehöll processen också moment som kunde uppfattas som utmanande för några deltagare vilket riskerade att hämma deras åsiktsutryckande. Sammantaget gav deltagarna en positiv bild av processens genomförande och utfall även om den i vissa aspekter lämnade lite att önska gällande de deliberativa idealens säkerställande. Detta till trots argumenterar arbetet att utfallet kan anses stå på demokratiska grunder även om inte alla deliberativa ideal uppfyllts fullständigt. / The study explores how ideals from deliberative democracy theory are reflected in a Swedish planning case that can be defined as an informal cooperation network, or ‘soft space in planning’. The purpose of the work is to share increased knowledge about the problems that may arise when actors on the one hand want to streamline planning methods, but on the other hand also must maintain the democratic foundations. The work is based on participation in and observation of a development project in a Swedish municipality where the municipality, together with a developer and architect, initiated a process outside the statutory planning process to arrive at a common vision. The observations are supplemented by an interview study in which an informant from each actor was interviewed. In summary, the results showed that one of the basic principles of the process was to create an arena for open discussion regarding the values that were desired to be incorporated into the design of the site. During the process, there were moments that maintained the deliberative ideals by allowing everyone a place in the conversation. However, the process also contained elements that could be perceived as challenging for some participants, which risked inhibiting their expression of opinion. Overall, the participants gave a positive picture of the process's implementation and outcome, even though it left a little to be desired in confirming some aspects of the deliberative ideals. Despite this, the study argues that the outcome can be considered to be on democratic grounds even if not all deliberative ideals were fulfilled completely.
174

Methods and Tools for Mainstreaming Nature-based Solutions in Urban Planning

Longato, Davide 12 July 2022 (has links)
This thesis addresses three interlinked aspects that are relevant for mainstreaming Nature-based Solutions in urban planning. The first aspect concerns the integration and use of ecosystem service knowledge in spatial planning. A literature review aimed at analysing practical applications of ecosystem services in real-life planning processes and instruments reveals both the outcomes generated and the procedures adopted to integrate them, as well as the main advantages, constraints, enabling factors, and open issues associated with ecosystem service knowledge integration in spatial planning processes and instruments. The second aspect is related to the use of spatial assessments of ecosystem service demand to support an effective planning of Nature-based Solutions at the city scale. An approach is developed to allocate and prioritize Nature-based Solutions in cities in order to deliver ecosystem services for addressing the existing urban challenges while maximising the benefits for residents. The approach is tested in the case study area of Valletta (Malta), identifying the potential sites for the implementation of eleven types of Nature-based Solutions, assessing the demand for five priority ecosystem services, and identifying what type(s) of Nature-based Solutions, among the eleven proposed, should be implemented in each potential site, as well as the sites that should be prioritized first. The third aspect involves the promotion of the implementation of Nature-based Solutions in urban plans through the use of suitable policy instruments. A matrix that links the suitable instruments identified to different typologies of Nature-based Solutions reveals the range of instruments that can be deployed to promote the implementation of each type of Nature-based Solution. The matrix is then applied to analyse which instruments are currently deployed and which are not in the two urban plans covering the case study area of Valletta, hence the missing opportunities that could be further exploited.
175

ALLA MED, INGEN UTELÄMNAD: : EN INTERVJUSTUDIE OM ATT FRÄMJA DELAKTIGHET MED UNIVERSELL UTFORMNING / ALL INCLUDED, NO ONE LEFT OUT: : AN INTERVIEW STUDY ABOUT PROMOTING PARTICIPATION WITH UNIVERSAL DESIGN

Bjerhage, Elin, Möller, Matilda January 2024 (has links)
Universell utformning är ett växande paradigmskifte inom samhällsplaneringen i de svenska ramverken som ett verktyg för att främja tillgängliga och användbara miljöer. Syftet med den aktuella studien är att undersöka hur effektivt universell utformning kan implementeras inom samhällsplaneringen genom att definiera begreppet och utforska dess möjligheter och utmaningar. Genom sex semistrukturerade intervjuer har målet varit att bidra till en bredare förståelse inom området. Intervjuerna har genomförts med aktörer från olika positioner och nivåer, inklusive representanter från både den offentliga sektorn, praktiker och den kommunala förvaltningen. Studien har inkluderat bakgrundsforskning med sökning i öppna och slutna databaser. Empirin har analyserats med hjälp av ett teoretiska ramverket inom områden såsom den sociala modellen för funktionshinder, universell utformning och funktionshinderspolitiken. Uppmärksamhet har riktats mot kunskapen inom Sveriges samhällsplanering och dess processer i relation till universell utformning. Resultatet presenterar att det finns en varierad kunskap inom området för universell utformning. Genom analysen kunde vi dra fyra slutsatser: 1. Teoretiker besitter större kunskap om universell utformning än praktiker 2. Det finns en begreppslig förvirring som uppstått till följd av en kunskapsbrist 3. Det finns ett bristande ansvarstagande om vem som bör ansvara för kunskapen 4. Universell utformning har potential att användas som ett verktyg för att skapa en mer inkluderande och jämlik värld. Diskussionen analyserar forskningsfrågor relaterade till den genomförda analysen, med särskild reflektion kring definitionen av universell utformning genom citatet av en respodent: “... Man ska inte behöva gå in genom bakdörren om man inte kan gå i trappor”. Vidare diskuteras det faktum att kunskap har en stor inverkan för att effektivt kunna implementera universell utformning och förstå dess betydelse. / Universal design is a growing paradigm shift in urban planning in the Swedish framework as a tool to promote accessible and usable environments. The aim of the study was to investigate how effectively universal design can be implemented in urban planning by defining the concept and exploring its opportunities and challenges. Through six semi-structured interviews, the aim has been to contribute to a broader understanding of the field. The interviews have been conducted with actors from different positions and levels, including representatives from both the public sector, practitioners and municipal administration. The study has included background research with searches in open and closed databases. The empirical data has been analyzed using a theoretical grounding in areas such as the social model of disability, universal design and disability policy. Attention has been paid to the knowledge within Swedish spatial planning and its processes in relation to universal design. The result presents that there is a varied knowledge in the field of universal design. Through the analysis, four conclusions could be drawn which included: 1. Theorists have more knowledge about universal design than practitioners 2. There is conceptual confusion resulting from a lack of knowledge 3. There is a lack of ownership of who should be responsible for the knowledge 4. Universal design has the potential to be used as a tool to create a more inclusive and equal world. The discussion analyzes research issues related to the conducted analysis, with particular reflection on the definition of universal design through the quote: “... You should not have to go in through the back door if you cannot enter by stairs”. Furthermore, it discusses the fact that knowledge has a great impact in order to effectively implement universal design and understand its importance.
176

GIS-baserad multikriterieanalys : en metod för datastött beslutsfattande i fysisk planering / GIS-based multi criteria analysis : a method for data driven decision making in spatial planning

Obad, Amanda January 2024 (has links)
Syftet med detta arbete var att undersöka möjligheterna och begränsningarna i användning av en GIS-baserad multikriterieanalys för markanvändningsplanering. Syftet var även att undersöka skillnader i arbetsgång och resultat mellan användning av en beslutsteoretisk modell vid genomförande av en GIS-baserad multikriterieanalys och en GIS-baserad multikriterieanalys utan användning en beslutsteoretisk modell. Arbetet har haft ett särskilt fokus på att samordna samhällsbyggnadsprocessens stora aktörers, kommuners och byggherrars, intressen. Metoden för arbetet var GIS-baserad multikriterieanalys, där en analys genomfördes enligt analytisk hierarkisk process (AHP) och en analys genomfördes utan beslutsteoretisk modell. En fallstudie av Höörs kommun genomfördes för att exemplifiera och illustrera metoden och dess resultat. Kriterier för den GIS-baserade multikriterieanalysen togs fram genom en litteraturöversikt och genom en särskild sammanställning av kriterier som använts i liknande studier. Resultatet visadeatt en GIS-baserad multikriterieanalys med AHP gav ett mer tillförlitligt resultat, med en jämnare spridning av lämplighetsvärden än en GIS-baserad multikriterieanalys genomförd utan en beslutsteoretisk modell. Vidare konstateras att GIS-baserad multikriterieanalys kan vara ett värdefullt verktyg för markanvändningsplanering då det bedöms vara tids- och resursbesparande i förhållande till traditionell framtagning av planeringsunderlag. Däremot poängteras att GIS-baserad multikriterieanalys inte bör användas som ensamt beslutsunderlag och att platsanalyser behöver genomföras för att kontrollera resultatens riktighet. / The purpose of this thesis was to investigate the possibilities and limitations of using spatial multi criteria analysis for land use planning, as well as to examine the benefit of using a decision-theoretic model when conducting a spatial multi criteria analysis. The work focused particularly on coordinating the interests of major actors in the urban development process, including municipalities and developers. The method that was used was a spatial multi criteria analysis. One analysis was conducted using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and another was conducted without a decision-theoretic model. A case study of Höör municipality in the Scania region in southern Sweden was carried out to exemplify and illustrate the method and its results. Criteria for the spatial multi criteria analysis were derived through a literature review and through a compilation of criterias used in similar studies. The results showed that a spatial multi criteria analysis conducted with AHP provided a more reliable outcome, with a more even distribution of suitability scores than spatial multi criteria analysis conducted without a decision-theoretic model. Furthermore, it is noted that spatial multi criteria analysis can be a valuable tool for land use planning as it is considered to be time- and resource saving compared to traditional methods for acquiring a knowledge basis for planning. However, it is emphasized that spatial multi criteria analysis should not be used as the sole basis for decision making and that site visits needs to be conducted to verify the accuracy of the results.
177

Världsarv eller inte världsarv? : En komparativ undersökning om kulturmiljö i den kommunala översiktliga planeringen / World heritage or not world heritage? : A comparative study on the cultural environment in municipal comprehensive planning

Lunderquist, Anja, Miketinac, Sandra January 2024 (has links)
Kulturmiljö är den del av kulturarvet som främst nämns inom den fysiska planeringen, som inkluderas i planprocessen och som kommuner arbetar med i samhällsutvecklingen. I denna uppsats undersöks hur två olika kommuner, varav en utpekad som världsarv och en inte, arbetar med kulturmiljöer och hur det implementeras i deras översiktliga planprocesser. Detta studeras genom två fallstudier, en av Karlskrona kommun och en av Helsingborgs stad, inkluderande dokumentgranskning och intervjustudier. Det finns en tvetydighet i de befintliga styrdokumenten som används i den översiktliga planeringen, vilket gör det lättare för kommunerna att motivera utveckling på sina egna premisser. Därmed krävs en effektiv och stark samverkan mellan olika aktörer för att intresset för kulturmiljöer ska få ta plats och vägas mot andra intressen på ett likvärdigt sätt. Uppsatsens resultat bidrar med en ökad förståelse för att avvägningar kommer att variera och motiveras med olika grunder. Diskussionen som arbetet innefattar visar på att det både tillkommer förutsättningar och utmaningar med att ha världsarvsklassificerad kulturmiljö som kan upplysa andra kommuner i deras arbete. Ur vårt perspektiv är undersökning relevant då den syftar till att navigera i ett komplext ämne inom de översiktliga planprocesserna, som behöver hanteras rättvist för framtidens hållbara utveckling. / The cultural environment is the part of cultural heritage that is primarily mentioned in physical planning, included in the planning process and what municipalities work with in community development. This paper examines how two different municipalities work with cultural environments and how it is implemented in their comprehensive planning processes. This is studied with two case studies, one by Karlskrona municipality and one by Helsingborg city, including document reviews and interview studies. There is an ambiguity in the existing policy documents used in comprehensive planning, which makes it easier for municipalities to justify development on their own terms. Thus, an effective and strong collaboration between different actors is required in order for the interest in cultural environments to take place and be weighed against other interests in an equal way. The results of the thesis contribute to an increased understanding that trade-offs will vary and be justified on different grounds. The discussion that the thesis includes, shows that there are both opportunities and challenges associated with having a World Heritage-listed cultural environment, that could enlighten other municipalities in their work. From our perspective, the study is relevant as it aims to navigate a complex topic within the comprehensive planning processes, which needs to be handled fairly for future sustainable development.
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The value of marine conservation

Rees, Sian Elizabeth January 2012 (has links)
The marine environment provides essential ecosystem services that are critical to the functioning of the earth’s life support system and the maintenance of human well-being. Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) are recognised as being the mechanism though which marine natural capital may be conserved. This thesis focuses on the value associated with marine conservation in a case study area, Lyme Bay, England where a ‘closed area’ was created in 2008. A review of literature spanning 20 years shows that despite sound ecological knowledge of a marine area, the reliance on traditional neo-classical economic valuations for marine spatial planning can obscure other issues pertinent to the ecosystem approach. A further valuation of the marine leisure and recreation industry shows that the industry is of economic significance and that the MPA enables the protection of the most valuable sites but has limited benefits for protecting the full resource base. In terms of ecological value, a ‘service orientated framework’ was developed to enable decision makers to understand the links between benthic species, ecological function and indirect ecosystem services. Results spatially identify which ecosystem services occur and demonstrate the value of the MPA in ensuring delivery of these ecosystem services. In relation to the social value of the MPA the research reveals that support for the MPA is strong amongst the majority of stakeholder groups. Values are expressed as the economic, environmental and social benefits of the MPA. However, there have been clear social costs of the MPA policy and these have been borne by mobile and static gear fishermen and charter boat operators. Each valuation methodology can inform decision making. Though, if ecosystem service valuation is to become a deliberative tool for marine conservation and planning, then there is a need for a larger societal discussion on what activities and trade-offs society considers acceptable.
179

Adapting to Extreme Weather Events : - Addressing Flood Risks Through Planning and Policy in Namibia

Licke, Tim January 2023 (has links)
This master thesis investigates planning initiatives to address extreme weather events' impacts, specifically focusing on floods in Namibia. The study highlights the significance of such events in the context of global climate change, emphasising their adverse effects on livelihoods, particularly in rural communities and informal settlements. The research aims to evaluate existing strategic plans and policies in Namibia concerning extreme weather events and to examine the extent to which such events are considered when planning initiatives are implemented. Based on the theoretical framework of implementation theory, the study adopts a mixed-method research approach. Document analysis is employed to examine policies and plans related to planning in Namibia, while semi-structured interviews with key informants provide insights into the stakeholders' perspectives. A comprehensive understanding of the subject is achieved by comparing and validating findings from both methods. The results of the study reveal several approaches in current strategic plans and policies regarding the consideration of floods in Namibia. While several documents acknowledge the threat of floods and outline responsibilities and measures, there is a lack of comprehensive and coordinated approaches. The study highlights the need for a more integrated approach and increased alignment among different levels of planning documents. Furthermore, the research shows that the implementation of planning initiatives in Namibia is a centralised process overseen by the Ministry of Urban and Regional Development, with a limited focus on flooding beyond urban areas. The study identifies key challenges in implementing climate change adaptation strategies and projects in Namibia, including limited communication and coordination between actors, difficulties in accessing planning laws, plans and policies, and the centralisation of planning at the national level. However, opportunities for improvement are also recognised, such as enhanced local autonomy in planning processes and the integration of local and indigenous knowledge. Overall, the findings underscore the importance of addressing the impact of extreme weather events, particularly floods, through comprehensive and coordinated planning initiatives in Namibia. The study provides valuable insights for policymakers and planners in developing effective strategies to mitigate and adapt to the effects of climate change in the country.
180

Integrating planning and environmental issues through the law in South Africa : learning from international experience

Kihato, Michael 07 February 2013 (has links)
South African law treats planning and the environment separately, causing considerable problems when developing land. Concerns in this regard are worldwide and various approaches have been adopted to solve them. This research seeks to explore what legal solutions can be provided using some international examples, fitting them within the unique governance, historical and legal context of South Africa. / Jurisprudence / LLM

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