This case study examines how upper secondary schools in a municipality in the northern parts of Sweden structure their special pedagogy with students who have ADHD and dyslexia, students’ and parents’ experiences of this, and what regulates the schools management in this particular aspect. The results show that all the schools have special pedagogues and other support staff employed, though in varied extent. Furthermore, the resources are distributed differently from school to school. The focus, however, is always around communication between the concerned parties. Unfortunately, their good efforts to reach all students have not been successful. Not every special needs student have received the support they are entitled to. Students, as well as parents, have pointed out the shortages that they have experienced in communication, support and information about what rights they have, both as special needs students and as just students in a Swedish upper secondary school. Many of our informants have pointed out the teachers’ ignorance as one reason for the disappointment regarding the support from the schools.

Bakalauro darbe analizuojamas pritaikytų programų atitikimas mokinių specialiesiems ugdymosi poreikiams. Teorinėje dalyje nagrinėjama ugdymo individualizavimo samprata, esminiai pritaikytų programų ir ugdymo individualizavimo principai. Empirinėje dalyje nagrinėjama mokiniams, turintiems specialiųjų ugdymosi poreikių, pritaikytų programų kokybė. Tyrimo tikslas – įvertinti pritaikytų programų atitikimą mokinių specialiesiems ugdymosi poreikiams. Uždaviniai: 1) Išanalizuoti mokslinės literatūros šaltinius ir atskleisti ugdymo individualizavimo sampratą, esminius principus; išnagrinėti pritaikytų programų sampratą, ugdymo individualizavimo (mokymo tikslų, mokymo turinio, mokymo metodų ir pasiekimų įvertinimo) ypatumus. 2) Turinio analizės metodu išnagrinėti pritaikytų programų kokybę, įvertinant mokymo tikslų ir turinio, mokymo metodų ir pasiekimų vertinimo atitikimą individualiems mokinių specialiesiems ugdymosi poreikiams. 3) Atskleisti programų pritaikymo kokybės teigiamus aspektus ir tobulintinas sritis. Tyrimo metodai – mokslinės literatūros; kiekybinė turinio analizė. Išnagrinėta 50 pritaikytų programų. Tyrinėjant pritaikytų programų atitikimą mokinių specialiesiems ugdymosi poreikiams, atlikta tokių kiekvienos programos komponentų analizė: 1) Mokinio galių ir specialiųjų ugdymosi poreikių apibūdinimas. 2) Mokymo tikslų formulavimas. 3) Dalyko turinio teminis planavimas. 4) Mokymo metodų ir būdų numatymas. 5) Pažangos ir pasiekimų vertinimas. Empirinio tyrimo išvados 1... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The Bachelor`s Degree paper provides the analysis of the conformance of programmes adapted to the students having special educational demands. Theoretical part includes the consideration of education individualization concept, essential principles of the adapted programmes and education individualization. Empirical part provides analysis of quality of programmes adapted to students having special educational demands. Research aim – to evaluate the conformity of the programmes adapted to the students having special educational demands. Tasks: 1) To analyse the scientific literature sources and disclose the concept and essential principles of education individualization; consider the concept of the adapted programmes, peculiarities of education individualization (evaluation of teaching objectives, teaching content, teaching methods and consequences). 2) To analyse the quality of the adapted programmes using the content analysis method, evaluating the conformity of teaching objectives and content, teaching methods and consequences to individual special educational demands of students. 3) To disclose positive aspects of quality of the adapted programmes and the fields to be improved. Research methods – analysis of scientific literature; quantitative content analysis. 50 adapted programmes were analysed. While analysing the conformity of programmes adapted to the students having special educational demands the analysis of the following components of each programme was carried... [to full text]

The purpose of this work is to investigate how the school’s digitization has affected history teaching for students with neuropsychiatric disabilities. In order to fulfill the purpose, the following question has been formulated: “What consequences does the school’s digitization generate for students with neuropsychiatric disabilities within the frame of history teaching?” The method for this work is based on systematic literature research through three databases, SwePub, Google Scholar and ERIC. These three databases were used to produce articles to further strengthen our question. The searches were done in both Swedish and English to get the largest possible selection of items. The results show that the school’s digitization has a positive impact on students with various neuropsychiatric disabilities but also all students. However, there are a limited number of studies that show the positive effects on NPF students. But based on the research found, it can be stated that digital tools play a crucial role in the child developing knowledge in order to achieve the goals in their education.

Students with special needs are often placed in agriculture and other CTE classes. Literature has shown that teachers often feel unprepared to deal with this population of students. The Theory of Planned Behavior framed this case study of an exemplar agriculture teacher. Evidence of the teacher's planned behavior was supported by triangulation of interviews with the teacher, special education coordinator, special education aide, and lesson plans. This triangulation also showed that the teacher is an exemplar agriculture teacher in his work with students with special needs. Multiple themes emerged from the analysis of the interviews. An important theme was the need for agriculture teachers to participate in IEP meeting either by attending in person or by providing feedback prior to the meeting. Another important theme was the need for materials to be adapted for students with special needs both within lesson plans and as needed while the teacher is teaching the lesson. Recommendations for practice include providing information about special education laws, disabling conditions, and information on utilizing Universal Design for Learning (UDL) to pre-service and in-service teachers. It is also recommended that teacher preparation programs include having pre-service teachers work with students with special needs. Professional development workshops that discuss best practices for teachers when working with students with special needs can be beneficial. It is important for teachers to realize that not all students are the same but that everyone is better served if all teachers do their best at helping students achieve their highest potential. Because in the end, we all just want to be accepted for who we are. / Doctor of Philosophy / Students with special needs are often placed in agriculture and other CTE classes. This dissertation was a case study of a model agriculture teacher. It looked at the teacher's behavior to determine if his work with students with special needs was planned. The importance of a teacher planning their behavior towards students with special needs is important from both a lesson planning viewpoint and also while the teacher is teaching. Multiple recommendations came out of the study. One recommendation included the need for programs that prepare agriculture teachers to have these individuals work with students with special needs while they are still in their teacher preparation program. Professional development workshops for current agriculture teachers should include information on best practices for working with students with special needs. It is important for teachers to realize that not all students are the same but that everyone is better served if all teachers do their best at helping students achieve their highest potential. Because in the end, we all just want to be accepted for who we are.

Darbe atlikta teorinė konfliktų raiškos visuomenėje ir mokyklose analizė. Čia analizuojama konflikto samprata, priežastys ir jų pasireiškimo būdai, konflikto rūšys, valdymas, sprendimo būdai bei mokinių tarpusavio konfliktai. Iškelta hipotezė, kad mokiniai, turintys specialiųjų ugdymosi poreikių (SUP) dažniau patiria konfliktus mokyklose ir negeba jų tinkamai išspręsti negu įprastos raidos mokiniai. Anketinės apklausos metodu buvo atliktas tyrimas, kurio tikslas - išanalizuoti įprastai besimokančių ir turinčių specialiųjų ugdymosi poreikių mokinių požiūrį į tarpusavio konfliktus. Atlikta lyginamoji duomenų analizė. / In this paperwork there was carried out the theoretical analysis of the conflict occurancies in society and schools. It provides the analysis of the conflict concept, causes and manifestation ways, types of the conflicts, management, resolution and inter-pupil conflicts.Hypothesis, that pupils with special educational needs (SEN) are more likely to have conflicts in their schools and are unable to properly resolve them than pupils with common needs, was raised.Questionnaire survey method was conducted with the aim - to analyze the attitude to the interpersonal conflicts of the pupils with common and with special educational needs. A comparative analysis of the data was done.

The needs of culturally and linguistically diverse (CLD) students with moderate or severe intellectual disability (ID) are quite unique and complex. CLD students with moderate or severe ID face many of the same issues as their non-disabled CLD peers; however, due to the nature of their disability this may lead to even less access to the general curriculum, appropriate services, materials, and meaningful collaboration between families and educators. The purpose of this article is to provide a culturally responsive framework for facilitating academic instruction for CLD students with moderate or severe ID that also includes appropriate supports in an effort to increase access to postsecondary outcomes for this population. Suggestions for accessing the general curriculum and a discussion about increasing parental involvement and accessing appropriate adult agencies to further enhance these outcomes are provided.

Based on recent literature reviews on the use of Visual Activity Schedules (VAS) for students with intellectual disability and autism, the strategy has been deemed an evidence based practice. Using the literature highlighted in the recent reviews, this article provides an overview of VAS and common skills VAS has been used to teach. Additionally, the authors provide guidelines on schedules variations, creating schedules, and implementing the schedules. Finally, several examples of VAS are included.

本論文以「我國身心障礙學生學前特殊教育政策」為題，旨在探究我國學前特殊教育法令政策、現狀瞭解以及資源分配情形。根據教育部特殊教育通報網統計數據，分析學前特殊教育資源分配，將我國身心障礙學生學前特殊教育分成法令與政策、行政支持與課程教學、師資人力與專業團隊、支援服務與網路關係等四項。本研究採文獻分析與訪談法，結論如下： 一、中央政策能指引地方政府發展學前特殊教育的方針。 二、中央應建立一套鑑定安置的標準流程與運作機制。 三、因應托幼整合，需重新調整或研發系統性的學前特殊教育課程與 教材。 四、私立幼兒園個別化教育計畫(IEP)達成率高於公立幼兒園 (81%:73%)。 五、學前巡迴輔導生師比例高，且各縣市的運作模式不同。 六、具學前特殊教育教師資格人數少，各縣市大多聘用未具特教資格教師。 七、角色不同對特教行政E化功能與用途，易產生誤解。 八、資源分配不均的問題，影響偏遠地區資源重疊或服務間斷。 / The study was to investigate the effectiveness of implementation of the early childhood special education in Taiwan. The data collected from the Special Education Transmit Net of the Ministry of Education was analyzed and categorized into four aspects: regulations and policy, administration and curriculum, human resources and support systems. The results were as fallow: 1. The local government policies were developed according to Ministry of Education. 2. The practice of diagnosis and placement differed from every local government. 3. Responded to the integration of kindergartens and nursery schools, changes in Early Childhood Special Education were needed. 4. The IEP average achievement rate in private kindergartens was 81% which was higher than public kindergartens (73%). 5. Student-teacher ratio in preschool itinerant resource programs was relatively high and the implementation of itinerant resource programs in local governments was different. 6. The number of certified preschool special education teachers was few. 7. Different roles of teachers had misunderstanding on special education administrative function and usage. 8. The unequal allocation of resources led to repetition and discontinuance of service

Mémoire en psychopédagogie / L’école québécoise d’aujourd’hui occupe de nombreux rôles au sein de la société et dans le processus développemental de l’enfant québécois. Ses rôles multiples et différents sont accrus en complexité surtout, car ils doivent s’adresser à divers profils d’apprenants, dont les élèves handicapés ou en difficulté d’adaptation ou d'apprentissage (HDAA). À la tête de l’écosystème qu’est l’école, on retrouve un leader communément appelé une direction d’école. Son rôle fait appel à une panoplie de compétences, de connaissances et d’habiletés pour mener à bien les opérations pédagogiques, logistiques, ou financières quotidiennes, tout en assurant le bien-être et la réussite de tous les élèves à travers un leadership réfléchi et soucieux des enjeux relatifs à l’éducation pour tous. À l’égard des élèves HDAA, le plan d’intervention (PI) est reconnu comme un cycle de vie pour la planification, l’élaboration et la révision des interventions fondamentales à leur inclusion, tant scolaire que sociale. Selon la Loi sur l’instruction publique, la responsabilité des PI revient à la direction d’école. Cependant, les différents rôles de la direction ainsi que son leadership au regard du cycle de vie de PI ne sont pas toujours évidents. Pour cette raison, notre recherche spécifique de type exploratoire, vise, dans un premier temps, à documenter et à analyser les formes et les niveaux d’implication de la direction d’école dans le cycle de vie d’un PI. Dans un deuxième temps, cette étude tente d’explorer l’évolution des pratiques de leadership de la direction d’école dans le cycle de vie de PI suite à l’implantation d’un programme de formation et d’accompagnement à l’élaboration (FADéPI) des PI. Globalement, nos résultats nous ont permis d’établir que le leadership de la direction d’école dans le cycle de vie de PI se présente sous différentes formes d’implication directes et indirectes qui s’articulent à travers des compétences, des connaissances et des habiletés politiques et ce, à différents niveaux de ce cycle. Aussi, nous avons pu observer une évolution, soit un changement ou une bonification de ces pratiques suite à l’implantation du programme FADéPI. Enfin, la finalité de cette étude est de rapporter des formes d’implication de la direction d’école dans le cycle de vie de PI qui permettraient d’actualiser un leadership pour et envers l’inclusion et la réussite de l’élève HDAA. / The quebecor school, as it is today, holds numerous roles within society and in the developmental process of the child. Its multiple and different roles are continuously growing in complexity, while needing to address and service various learning profiles, precisely special needs students. At the head of the school’s ecosystem, there is a leader commonly called a school principal. The role of this individual calls for a wide array of skills, knowledge and abilities to perform daily educational, logistical and financial operations, all while ensuring the well-being and success of all students through a reflective leadership which cares for matters related to an inclusive education. In the case of students with special needs, the intervention education plan (IEP) is recognized as a life cycle for the planning, elaborating and reviewing of interventions. Taking into account the growing proportion of students, whose success depends on the quality of the interventions they benefit from, the IEP has become a fundamental tool for their inclusion, both educational and social. According to the Public Instruction Act, within the school, the responsibility for IEPs goes to the school principal. There are many projects, programs and support systems to successfully complete the IEP life cycle, Myara (2011). However, the different leadership practices in relation to the IEP life cycle are not always clear. For this reason, our specific exploratory research aims, first of all, to document and analyze the forms and levels of involvement of the school principal in the IEP life cycle. Secondly, this study attempts to explore the evolution of the leadership practices in the IEP life cycle following the implementation of a training and support program for its development (FADéPI). Overall, our research results have enabled us to establish that the school principal’s leadership in the IEP life cycle comes in different forms of involvement (direct and indirect) that are in fact a set of knowledge, abilities and skills. In addition, our results have also enabled us to witness an evolution, rather a change or an improvement of these leadership practices. Finally, the purpose of our study is to suggest forms of involvement and leadership practices in the IEP life cycle that can help promote inclusion and success for the student with special needs.

Although school counselors strive to address the needs of all students, children with learning disabilities are often overlooked (Bergin & Bergin, 2005; Dahir, 2004). Under federal requirements, all federally funded schools are required to provide services to students with disabilities. Further, the American School Counselor Association's (ASCA) model for school counseling programs stipulates that school counselors should ensure appropriate services are provided to all students (Milsom, 2002). Research has been completed regarding teachers' attitudes toward complying with the federal mandates (Bateman & Bateman, 2002; Rea & Davis-Dorsey, 2004). There is, however, considerably less information regarding school counselors' roles, and only minimal information on their attitudes and background experience regarding learning disabilities (Frye, 2005; Greene & Valesky, 1998; Milsom, 2002). School counselors from ASCA's southern region were asked to respond to the Attitudes Toward Learning Disabilities Instrument online survey. The findings of this study demonstrated that although school counselors overwhelmingly support ASCA's guidelines, few have the full credentials outlined by the ASCA model. A majority of the counselors in this study had little or no educational training and reported feeling unprepared to address educationally-based tasks such as developing classroom accommodations, or acting as a consultant to the school staff on learning disability issues. In contrast, one third of the participants in this study were certified teachers who reported feeling prepared and confident about all areas of academic and disability services. These results support the conclusions of previous research which indicated that counselor preparation and years of experience were found to be related to more positive attitudes toward inclusion (Greene & Valesky, 1998; Greer & Greer, 1995; Milsom, 2002; Milsom & Akos, 2003) Availability Unrestricted: Release the