El texto completo de este trabajo no está disponible en el Repositorio Académico UPC por restricciones de la casa editorial donde ha sido publicado. / This article proposes a mechanical development of a dry cell in order to obtain HHO through water electrolysis. Calculations and technical specifications of the materials used for implementation are supported by mathematical, physical and chemical formulas and theories (Faraday´s Law, electrolysis process and mechanical design). The importance of mechanical design is focused on achieving efficient use of the energy provided to the cell that allows the H2 and O2 molecules to be separated without overheating the cell, evaporating the water, loss of current due to the geometry of the electrodes (Foucault Current). Moreover, choosing materials for proper implementation and physical robustness is mandatory. In addition, the mechanical design is not justified in different articles. Nevertheless, the mechanical design of the cell and the efficiency in the production of HHO are related. Therefore, the mechanical design and the calculations were performed, as well as the construction of the dry cell to obtain HHO. The results of the implementation and production were placed and compared with what theoretically the dry cell should produce from the law of Faraday. Finally, the volumetric flow of HHO obtained was 2.70 L per minute. It means a production efficiency of 98.68%. It is higher than the majority of the dry cells. / Revisión por pares

This diploma thesis addresses the issue of using the evaluation of surface texture in the manufacture of revolver with aplication to a cock. It deals with the detection of imperfections of production operations, the proposal of corrective measures and its implementation. The use of new grinding wheel was chosen as a corrective measure. The Rzmax parameter was used to specify the surface texture after miling and a combination of the Rzmax and Rpmax parameters was used to specify surface texture after grinding.

Purpose –Comparing the accessibility of e-commerce for General Merchandise, between major retailers and novelties, in the conformance of web accessibility guidelines, and the implementation of rich internet applications specifications. So that to figure out whether the differences exist between them, if so, what are the differences, and analyzing upcoming e-commerce and established e-commerce.  Method – The descriptive and quantitative case studies were used to evaluated 45 websites respectively from major retailers and novelties in General Merchandise of e-commerce, where sample websites were selected from Alexa’s rank lists. Then the WAVE tool, Accessibility Quantitative Metric (WAQM), and Fona assessment were applied for analyzing cases for representing the accessibilities and answering the research questions of purpose.  Findings – ARIA specifications as a kind of technological solution really had positive functions on web accessibility when only focusing on accessibility guidelines, because the novelty websites with less ARIA attributes resulting in lower accessibility levels generally, even though there were also many other elements that can affect accessibility.  Implications – In the main branch of General Merchandise, the degree of web accessibility in major retailer websites was better than that in novelties, which means as far as e-commerce is concerned, the accessibility of mature websites that had been established for a long time was contemporarily stronger than that of new websites with creative products.  Limitations – From the perspective of the sample, there were limitations in sample sources, size, websites languages, while in the technical aspect, the evaluation of dynamic contents just aims at keyboard navigation, and the tool of Fona assessment also had restrictions.

Strak als Prozessschritt in der Produktentwicklung ist für die Haushaltsgeräteindustrie Neuland, während in der Automobilindustrie der Strakprozess als Standard durchlaufen wird. Generell kann Strak dann eingesetzt werden, wenn an Produkte ein besonders hoher ästhetischer Anspruch an die Topologie der sichtbaren Oberflächen gestellt wird. In einem Prozessberatungsprojekt wurde im Jahr 2014 analysiert, wie Strak in seinen Ausprägungen – Strak-CAD-Modellierung und Strakkoordination – bei der Miele & Cie KG. sinnvoll angewendet werden kann. Als Berater wurde die Designsurf GmbH, als langjähriger Partner für Strak im Bereich Wäschepflege gewonnen. Die Erwartung war, dass Strak in der Lage ist, die Produktentwicklung so zu ergänzen, dass der Zielrichtung des Markenversprechens „MIELE – immer besser" vor allem an der Schnittstelle zwischen Design und Konstruktion noch besser entsprochen werden kann. In der Analysephase wurden die bestehenden Vorgehensweisen zum Thema Sichtflächen in der Produktentwicklung und im Design ermittelt. Hierzu wurden Mitarbeiter aus Design und Konstruktion der verschiedenen Produktgruppen allgemein und anhand von abgeschlossenen Projekten zur Umsetzung von Designvorgaben in Konstruktionsentwürfe in einer angepassten Methodik des Leitfadeninterviews befragt.

Ett passivhus är byggt av stomentreprenör företaget Strängbetong i Vara med ventilation och uppvärmning i samma system som kallas för Termodeck. Uppvärmningen sker genom att tilluft från ett FTX-aggregat förs igenom håldäcksbjälklag som värmer upp bjälklaget. Med det erhålls ett ”värmegolv och värmetak”. För ett sådant system behövs en byggnad med tung betongstomme. Energibalans beräkning har gjorts med IDA program och schablon värden från olika kravspecifikationer som visar simulerade värden. Målet med det här arbetet är att jämföra dessa simulerade värden med uppmätta värden för det senaste året av husets existens. Därefter genom beräkningar analysera skillnader som uppstod vid olika energiposter av huset. Schablonvärden från kravspecifikations program som FEBY och SVEBY har ändrats i beräkningar för bland annat viktiga poster som varmvatten och uppvärmningssystem för att få ett närmare värde till det verkliga resultatet. Resultatet av total energianvändning visade ett ungefärlig liknande värde men olika energi poster av energianvändningen avvek där vissa poster förbrukade mer energi än simulerad och vissa mindre. I helhet blev det beräknade behovet av köpt energi till 94 % av det verkliga behovet. / A passive house is constructed by framing Entrepreneur Company Strängbetong in Vara with ventilation and heating in the same system that is called TermoDeck. Heating is provided by supply from an FTX-system which passes through the hollow-core slabs that heat up the floor structure who makes it into a "heated floor and heated ceilings". For such a system requires a building with a concrete frame. Energy balance calculation has been made with an IDA program and standard values ​​from different specifications that show the simulated values. The objective of this work is to compare the simulated values ​​with measured values ​​for the last year of the building's existence. Then by calculations analyze the differences that arose at different energy parts of the house. Standard values ​​from requirements specification program FEBY and SVEBY has been changed in the calculations for including important items like hot water and heating system to get a closer value to the actual result. The result of total energy showed approximately similar values ​​but different energy parts of energy usage deviated. Some parts consumed more energy than simulated and some parts less. In total it was estimated that the need for purchased energy was 94% of the actual need.

De nos jours, le degré de complexité des systèmes de transport notamment ferroviaires est important et grandissant. En effet, les nouvelles technologies et besoins des grandes métropoles contraignent les concepteurs de ces systèmes à toujours intégrer de plus en plus de fonctionnalités. Cette complexité rend obsolète les méthodes de conception traditionnelles qui reposent sur l'expertise d'ingénieurs. La conception du système est définie sur plusieurs documents de spécification, de centaines de pages chacun. Ces derniers comprennent généralement la description des différentes exigences, fonctionnalités et sous-systèmes, ils sont rédigés en langage naturel. Ceci est source d'erreurs et ambigüités lors des différentes phases de conception et de validation sécuritaire. De ce fait, l'ingénierie système basée sur les modèles propose des solutions outillées afin de structurer et spécifier de manière systématique le fonctionnement du système. Dans cette thèse, nous proposons une approche de rétro-ingénierie de ces spécifications système. Cette approche nous permet de définir une méthodologie orientée-scénarios pour la formalisation et analyse de spécifications système. Elle est basée sur le langage de modélisation semi-formel ScOLa (Scénarios Oriented Language) et un modèle d'exécution formel basé sur le langage AltaRica 3.0. Nous proposons, á partir de ScOLa, des techniques contribuant aux analyses de sûreté fonctionnelles du système. Ces techniques permettent de clarifier, structurer et analyser / As of today, the complexity of transportation systems and especially railways is continuously growing. Indeed, new technologies and needs of major metropolitan areas constrain system designers to integrate more and more functionalities. Traditional methods for the design of systems are mainly based on the knowledge of experts. Systems are specified in several documents, of hundreds of pages each. These documents provide a general description of the requirements, functionalities and sub-systems, and are written in a natural language. This is error-prone and source of ambiguities. Model-based systems engineering proposes systematic solutions to structure and specify systems architectures. In this thesis, we propose a reverse engineering approach that is able to capture systems concepts. This leads us to propose ScOLa, a scenario-oriented modeling language for systems specifications with the following features:- A scenario-oriented approach to provide a more contextual view of the system, at several abstraction levels.- A co-construction of the architecture and behavior of the system in the same model.- The use of ScOLa for a seamless integration of system specification and safety analysis. We propose ascenario-oriented methodology for safety analysis, implemented using AltaRica 3.0.

Since 1976 public agencies in Oregon have been allowed to select construction contractors using a "qualification" based competition instead of the more typical lowest responsible bid or Design-Bid-Build (DBB) basis. Since 1985, at least 136 such selections, commonly known as CM/GC for Construction Manager/General Contractor, have been made. The results of this policy have not previously been analyzed. This research compares these selection methods, seeking to answer the following questions: Does the CMl/GC method result in projects that differ from DBB projects regarding cost and schedule control? Are CMl/GC projects more efficient than DBB projects, where efficiency is defined as the data envelopment analysis (DEA) technical efficiency score? Does efficiency depend on an interaction between project type and the selection method? How do project stakeholders evaluate the benefits and drawbacks of the two selection methods? How do projects compare when the only apparent difference between them is the selection method? To answer these questions, we identified 407 Oregon public building construction projects and obtained a variety of data, including cost and schedule results, for 215 jobs (111 CMl/GC and 104 DBB). We analyzed the data several ways, including statistical analysis, DEA, and various qualitative methods. Results: There was no statistically significant difference between the CMl/GC and DBB projects regarding cost and schedule control. The DEA technical efficiency scores showed that CMl/GC projects outperformed the DBB projects. There was no interaction effect between project type and selection method. Project stakeholders stated that reduction of risk is the principal benefit of using CMl/GC; however, architects and subcontractors are less enthusiastic than owners and general contractors. Data on two nearly identical projects indicated that the DBB project was less costly than the comparable CMlGC project and also incurred less cost growth; both projects were completed on time. To summarize, this research fails to find support for the current Oregon law that exempts certain projects from competitive bidding based on the presumption that CMl/GC will lead to substantial cost savings but does indicate that the CMl/GC projects may be better able to accommodate accelerated project schedules.

With the new curriculum at the English Language Center (ELC) at Brigham Young University (BYU) including a program focused specifically on preparing students to succeed in academic institutions wherein the language of instruction is English, a need for a systematic approach to vocabulary instruction was identified. Specifically, the Academic Program focuses on the Academic Word List (AWL) in order to provide a broad base of words that can best prepare students for the academic world. This project followed the ADDIE model (Analyze, Design, Develop, Implement, Evaluate) to craft a systematic approach to developing vocabulary learning activities. An analysis of existing gaps in the Academic Program's vocabulary learning objectives, along with an examination of teachers' attitudes and understanding, was conducted. A similar need was also proposed as existing in many Intensive English Programs (IEPs) around the world. This was followed by research into effective principles of L2 vocabulary learning, through which four principles were distilled. These principles are: the use of a variety of strategies, multiple exposures to target words, practice that includes production, and the need for flexibility and practicality in the vocabulary activities. These four principles became the guiding principles in the development of a system for creating effective vocabulary learning activities. This system and many suggested activities comprise a guide, or set of specifications, that can be used by teachers at IEPs, with a specific eye to the ELC to effectively, and with little extra effort, create and utilize their own effective vocabulary learning activities.

This thesis describes the design and implementation of a system called the Model Generator that graphically models digital system specifications expressed in English. This research is part of the ASPIN project which has a long-term goal of providing an automated system for digital system synthesis from informal specifications. Because of the versatility of the English language, there can be more than one interpretation of specification sentences. So before these specifications are synthesized into formal models, it is necessary to obtain validation of their interpretation from the specification author. The specification sentences are mapped into a common knowledge representation, called conceptual graphs, by first parsing and then semantically analyzing them. The Model Generator then uses the conceptual graphs to generate a graphical model representing the meaning of the English specification sentence. This is done in two stages. First, the commands for drawing the icons used for the graphical representation are assembled by consulting an Interpretation Library and a conceptual type hierarchy. In the second stage, the icons used in the representation are displayed using an X-Windows interface. The Model Generator has been implemented in the C programming language under the X-Windows environment. / Master of Science

Thesis (M. Tech.) - Central University of Technology, Free State, 2007