Purpose: To determine whether symptoms of dizziness and fall rates change due to routine cataract surgery and to determine the influence of visual and refractive factors on these common problems in older adults. Methods: Self-reported dizziness and falls were determined in 287 subjects (mean age of 76.5±6.3 years, 55% females) before and after routine cataract surgery for the first (81, 28%), second (109, 38%) and both eyes (97, 34%). Six-month falls rates were determined using self-reported retrospective data. Dizziness was determined using the short-form of the Dizziness Handicap Inventory. Results: The number of patients with dizziness reduced significantly after cataract surgery (52% vs. 38%; χ2 = 19.14 , p<0.001), but the reduction in number of patients who fell in the 6-months post surgery was not significant (23% vs. 20%; χ2= 0.87, p=0.35). Multivariate logistic regression analyses found significant links between post-operative falls and change in spectacle type (increased risk if switched into multifocal spectacles). Post-operative dizziness was associated with changes in best eye visual acuity and changes in oblique astigmatic correction. Conclusions: Dizziness is significantly reduced by cataract surgery and this is linked with improvements in best eye visual acuity, although changes in oblique astigmatic correction increased dizziness. The lack of improvement in falls rate may be associated with switching into multifocal spectacle wear after surgery. / The Dunhill Medical Trust

Dizziness is a common, multifactorial problem that causes reductions in quality of life and is a major risk factor for falls, but the role of vision is a very under-researched area. This study aimed to investigate any link between dizziness and vision and to establish if changes in spectacle lens correction could elicit dizziness symptoms. A link between dizziness and self-reported poor vision was indicated in the epidemiological literature as shown by a systematic review, provided lightheadedness was not included in the definition of dizziness. Cases of individuals who reported vision-related dizziness were investigated to determine potential areas of research for this thesis and subsequently two studies investigated the effects of refractive correction changes on dizziness status. The first study was limited by logistical problems, although it highlighted limitations in the short form of the Dizziness Handicap Inventory that was used to quantify dizziness. Results of an optometry practice recheck study found that oblique cylindrical changes were significantly more likely to be associated with dizziness symptoms than other spectacle lens changes. It also highlighted that optometrists do not ask/record about dizziness symptoms with only 4% of records including “dizziness” as a problem when 38% of patients reported dizziness symptoms when directly asked. All studies highlighted a need for a patient-reported outcome measure to be designed to assess vision-related dizziness. Literature review, interviews with experts and patients and focus groups led to the development of a pilot questionnaire and subsequently a 25-item Vision-Related Dizziness instrument, the VRD-25. This was validated using responses from 223 respondents, with 79 participants completing the questionnaire a second time to provide test-retest data. Two subscales of VRD-12-frequency (VRD-12f) and VRD-13-severity (VRD-13s) were shown to be unidimensional and had good psychometric properties, convergent validity and test-retest repeatability. The VRD-25 is the only patient-reported outcome measure developed to date to assess vision related dizziness and will hopefully provide the platform to further grow this under-researched area that seems likely to provide important clinical information. / College of Optometrists sponsored the research with a Postgraduate Research Scholarship

Doctorat en sciences sociales, politiques et économiques / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Résumé : Cette thèse est une lecture commentée et une transcription d’une performance enregistrée sur bande sonore de la création collective Les Enfants de Chénier dans un autre grand spectacle d’adieu qui a été présentée du 23 septembre au 11 octobre 1969. Le spectacle a été créé à partir d’un canevas et d’une mise en scène de Jean-Claude Germain et il est basé sur les improvisations des comédiens Louisette Dussault, Nicole Leblanc, Monique Rioux, Gilles Renaud et Jean-Luc Bastien. Peu de documents d’informations ont survécu après une courte série de représentations de ce spectacle sinon une bande sonore et quelques critiques journalistiques. Pourtant, dans le Nouveau Théâtre québécois (1973), Michel Bélair affirme que le Spectacle d’adieu est un tournant dans l’évolution du théâtre québécois. Afin d’éclaircir le rôle de cette pièce dans l’évolution du théâtre québécois, nous nous attachons d’abord à situer le Spectacle d’adieu dans le contexte socioculturel de la période 1965 à 1970 au Québec. Un exercice comparatif binaire à la manière de Philip Stratford entre le Spectacle d’adieu et The Farm Show (du Théâtre Passe Muraille) démontrera ensuite que le Spectacle d’adieu a influencé le développement du théâtre canadien-anglais de l’époque. De plus, un des objectifs de cette thèse est d’offrir la première transcription d’une performance du spectacle enregistrée par Réginald Hamel en 1969. Cette transcription sera produite selon une méthodologie développée à partir de deux champs d’études principaux, soit le théâtre et l’anthropologie. / Abstract : This thesis is a comment and a transcript of a tape recorded performance of the collective creation Chenier’s Children in Another Great Farewell Show that was presented from September 23 to October 11 in 1969. The show was created from the canvas and the stage directions of Jean-Claude Germain. It also took its source in the improvisations of comedians Louisette Dussault, Nicole Leblanc, Monique Rioux, Gilles Renaud and Jean-Luc Bastien. Not much documentation survived after a brief series of performances of this show except an audio tape and a few newspaper critics. However, in the Nouveau Théâtre québécois (1973), Michel Bélair states that the Farewell Show is a turning point in the evolution of Quebecois theatre. In order to clarify the role of this play in the evolution of Quebec’s theatre, we first situate it in the sociocultural context of Quebec between 1965 and 1970. A binary comparison between the Farewell Show and The Farm Show (Theatre Passe Muraille) as proposed by Philip Stratford will demonstrate afterward that the Farewell Show influenced the development of English Canadian theatre at the time. Moreover, one of the objectives of this thesis is to offer the first transcript of a performance of the Farewell Show recorded by Réginald Hamel in 1969. This transcript is created according to a transcription methodology developed from two fields of study – theatre and anthropology.

Magistrinio darbo objektas – manipuliacijos metodai. Darbo tikslas – identifikuoti ir aprašyti manipuliacijos metodų naudojimą televizijos debatuose, skirtuose 2009 metų Lietuvos Respublikos prezidento rinkimams. Darbo uždaviniai: • išanalizuoti, susisteminti ir aprašyti įvairių autorių išskirtus manipuliacijos metodus, suformuluoti jų apibrėžimus, išskirti indikacijas ir pateikti pavyzdžius; • identifikuoti manipuliacijos metodus, kuriuos panaudojo kandidatai į prezidentus, Lietuvos Respublikos prezidento rinkimams 2009 skirtose televizijos debatų laidose, apibendrinti ir pateikti jų naudojimo tendencijas. Išanalizavus įvairių autorių apibrėžimus apie manipuliaciją, galima teigti, kad manipuliacija naudojama kaip psichologinio poveikio priemonė, siekiant atimti iš žmogaus galimybę savarankiškai priimti sprendimą. Išnagrinėjus įvairių autorių pateiktus aprašymus apie manipuliacijos metodus, naudojant lyginamąjį metodą, pagal panašius bruožus buvo atrinkti ir sugrupuoti skirtingų autorių aprašymai apie tą patį metodą. Taikant dedukcijos metodą, buvo išskirti kiekvienos manipuliacijos metodų grupės esminiai požymiai ir suformuluoti jų apibrėžimai bei išskirtos indikacijos. Apžvelgus įvairių autorių mintis apie politinę komunikaciją, pateikiamos išvados, kad politinėje komunikacijoje labai svarbią vietą užima rinkimai. Kiekvieni rinkimai tampa nauju politikų ir rinkėjų tarpusavio aiškinimosi aktu, o manipuliacija yra pagrindinė priemonė, naudojama rinkiminėje kovoje. Mūsų... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The object of the MA paper is manipulation methods. The aim is to identify and describe the use of manipulation methods in the TV debates on the Lithuanian presidential election held in 2009. The goals are: • To analyze, systemize and describe manipulation methods distinguished by various authors, give the definitions, distinguish indications and give examples; • To identify and summarize the use of the manipulation methods in the TV debates on the Lithuanian presidential election in 2009 and adduce the tendencies of the methods used. Having analyzed the definitions of manipulation given by various authors, it can be claimed that manipulation is used as a measure of psychological impact in order to preclude a person from an independent decision making. Having studied the descriptions of manipulation methods by various authors using the comparative method, the descriptions of the same methods by various authors have been selected and grouped under similar features. Using the deductive method the key features of every manipulation method group have been pointed out, their descriptions have been formulated and indications have been distinguished. Having reviewed various authors’ ideas about political communication, the conclusions that election plays an important role in the political communication have been made. Every election becomes a feud between politicians and electors and manipulation is the main measure used in the election fight. Our opinions, attitudes and beliefs are... [to full text]

This is the first full-scale study of Robert Greene’s drama, offering a new interpretation of the dramatic oeuvre of one Shakespeare’s most neglected literary predecessors. Recent criticism has emphasised Greene’s pioneering role as an author of Elizabethan romance. Yet, in contrast to the numerous prose works which were printed during his life time, his drama, which was printed posthumously, has received little attention. Greene’s plays are visually magnificent: madmen wander on stage waving the severed limbs of their victims (Orlando Furioso, c. 1591), the dead are resurrected (James IV, c. 1590), tyrants gruesomely mutilate their subjects (Selimus, c. 1591-4), extravagant stage properties such as the mysterious brazen head prophesy to the audience (Friar Bacon and Friar Bungay, c. 1589), and sinners are swallowed into hell accompanied by fireworks (A Looking Glass for London and England, c. 1588). This thesis will examine the way in which these stage images evoke astonishment, which in turn encourages the audience to contemplate their symbolic significance. The triumph of Greene’s drama is not one of effects over affect; it lies in the interaction between effect and affect. My principal objective in this thesis is to develop a methodological strategy which will allow critics of non-Shakespearean plays, which frequently lack a substantial performance tradition, to study drama through the lens of performance. Engaging purposively with anachronism as an enabling mode of linking old and new, this thesis will draw analogies between the early modern stage and modern cinema in order to emphasise the relevance of early modern drama to today’s ocularcentric world, a relevance that more historical theoretical approaches would seek to deny. My opening chapter will try to establish Greene’s dramatic canon and assess the critical reception of Greene’s plays. Drawing on material from Greene’s entire oeuvre, Chapter Two will outline my methodological and conceptual approach. This chapter will include an extended analysis of Friar Bacon’s discussion of the ‘strategy with cunning shows’ in John of Bordeaux (JB. 735). Launching into detailed studies of specific spectacles, Chapter Three focuses on Thomas Lodge and Robert Greene’s collaborative effort, the biblical drama A Looking Glass for London and England. During the play, Prophet Jonah is ‘cast out of the whale’s belly upon the stage’ (LG. IV.i.1460-1). Focusing on this stage spectacle, this chapter seeks to emphasise the commercial appeal of this biblical drama. Examining another stage property, Chapter Four will explore the melodramatic and sensational potential of the tomb stage property in Greene’s James IV. Examining the apparent tension between the play’s two presenters, I will demonstrate that Bohan, a cynical Scot, and Oberon, the King of the Fairies, proffer two distinct, but not mutually exclusive, ways of conceiving of and interpreting theatrical spectacle. Completing my study of spectacular stage properties, Chapter Five examines the symbolic significance of the brazen head, which appears in two of Greene’s plays: Alphonsus, King of Aragon and Friar Bacon and Friar Bungay. In both plays, the brazen head becomes an object of excessive or supreme devotion as either a religious idol or a secular deity. The brazen head is perceived as monstrous not simply because it is a source of horror or astonishment but because it represents the misplaced veneration or worship of something other than God. Turning away from stage properties, my final two chapters look at how Greene exploited specific stage conventions. Directing my attention towards Greene’s Orlando Furioso (c. 1591), I will argue that the figure of Orlando Furioso bequeathed an enduring legacy to early modern theatrical discourse, contributing to the convention of the mad poet, which would be replicated and parodied by a new generation of dramatists. Orlando’s behaviour, which rapidly alternates between that of a madman and that of a poet, forces the audience to contemplate the link between the mania of the mentally ill and the melancholia of the creative genius. Ridiculing the concept of furor poeticus, Greene’s play interrogates the belief that great writers are divinely inspired by God through ecstatic revelation. My final chapter will explore the aesthetics of violence in Selimus. A relatively recent addition to the Greene canon, Selimus depicts the rise of an anti-hero amidst a cycle of brutal violence. My reading of this play posits Selimus as a surrogate playwright, arguing that the semiotics of dismemberment allows Greene to interrogate the concept of artistic autonomy. Widespread indifference to Greene’s work has facilitated critical blindness to the powerful aesthetic appeal of spectacle in early modern drama. This reassessment of Robert Greene’s dramatic oeuvre offers a new perspective on the aesthetics of spectacle in early modern drama.

Dans ce mémoire, les contes de trois conteurs contemporains du Québec – Jos Gallant d’André Lemelin, Ti Pinge de Joujou Turenne et L’entrain à vapeur, de Fred Pellerin – font avant tout l’objet d’une lecture pragmatique afin de mieux comprendre comment le conteur, qui emploie le canevas en spectacle, transmet une fiction à un auditoire ou à un lectorat. L’étude présente d’abord une analyse comparative de chacune des prestations avec la version publiée d’un même récit et met ainsi en relief leurs points de convergence et de divergence. Selon l’hypothèse avancée, l’analyse de la prestation des conteurs qui suivent un canevas révèlerait comment s’y manifestent les dimensions performatives et les articulations du discours fictionnel. Corrélativement, l’examen des rapports entre le conteur et son public permet ensuite de s’interroger sur le statut du narrateur et de voir en quoi et comment, durant la performance, la fiction est partagée avec l’auditoire. L’analyse des énoncés performatifs, inspirés des travaux de Kerbrat-Orechionni et la dynamique de vectorisation proposée par Pavis pour l’étude de la gestuelle, des mimiques et de la voix, sont mises à contribution et visent également à dégager les outils pouvant servir à l’analyse des spectacles de contes. Au terme de cette recherche, l’auteure démontre les avantages liés au canevas, notamment en ce qui concerne les interactions qu’il favorise avec le public et dans la liberté qu’il procure, en permettant de modifier ou d’adapter le discours et les ressources expressives du conteur à chacune de ses représentations. / In this thesis, the three tales written by contemporary Quebec storytellers – Jos Gallant by Andre Lemelin, Ti Pinge by Joujou Turenne and L’entrain à vapeur by Fred Pellerin – are for the most part subjected to a pragmatic reading, where the objective is to develop a better understanding of how these storytellers employ structure in storytelling to transmit fiction to their audiences or readers. The study begins with an analysis of each story, a comparison of the storytelling and published versions, and finally their various points of convergence and divergence are highlighted. In accordance with this hypothesis, the analysis of each storyteller’s performance structure will reveal how the performative and fictional discourse dimensions are expressed. Correspondingly, through examining the relationships between the storyteller and the audience, we question the narrator’s status and discover by what means and how the fiction is shared with the audience during the performance. The analysis of performative statements, inspired by the work of Kerbrat-Orechionni and by dynamic vectorization put forward by Pavis for the study of gestures, facial expressions and voice, which are all made to contribution, also targets the identification of any tools useful for storytelling analysis. Once having completed this research, the author demonstrates how structure, especially that used to encourage audience interaction and the overall freedom generally procured can be beneficial in modifying or adapting expressive speech and other resources available to storytellers in each of their performances.

Thoughts on magic, spectacle, arena, material, materiality, marrow, invincibility, repetition, performance, sculpture, time, decay, temporality, tools, marks, gestures, writing, coaxing, site, stage, architecture, and movement.

Le sujet posé a pour but d’identifier le théâtre importé de Pologne et de déchiffrer le rôle qu’il joue dans la vie théâtrale française ainsi que dans le contexte culturel de la France. La présence du théâtre polonais de 1989 à nos jours en France est conditionnée par plusieurs facteurs : les relations historiques et culturelles entre les deux pays, l'activité des institutions et des personnes médiatrices, la vie théâtrale française et ses composantes. Jerzy Grotowski et Tadeusz Kantor continuent à garder leur importance pour le milieu théâtral français. Il se crée dans la conscience du spectateur/critique français une opinion que le théâtre polonais, comme celui de Kantor et de Grotowski, est un endroit laboratoire, où le temps du spectacle est sacré. Ce sont les théâtres d'art de Krystian Lupa et de Krzysztof Warlikowski qui s'avèrent de nouvelles révélations artistiques. Leurs œuvres démontrent la complexité de l'homme. Leur réception s'élargit sur les stages, les créations avec les artistes français et les mises en scène d'opéra pour Warlikowski. Cependant, ces metteurs en scène viennent en France très rarement avec les adaptations d’œuvres dramatiques polonaises. Les auteurs dramatiques polonais ont donc une certaine réception en France, surtout Witold Gombrowicz, Stanisław Witkiewicz, Sławomir Mrożek qui passe par le chemin des traductions et des mises en scène proposées par des artistes français. La lecture de l'autre à travers le théâtre est supposée rester une lecture partielle, le récepteur n'ayant pas le même vécu historique que l'objet perçu. Néanmoins, malgré sa partialité, elle jette une nouvelle lumière sur le théâtre polonais. / This study represents an attempt to identify the Polish theater brought to France since 1989 and to analyse the role it currently plays in contemporary theatre in France as well as in the broader cultural context. Its very presence depends on several factors: historical and cultural relations between the two countries, related institutional and individual activity, as well as the French theatrical life itself and its components.Jerzy Grotowski and Tadeusz Kantor continue to maintain their iconic status in the French theater community. There is a well-rooted understanding of the Polish theater as an experimental space (by French theatergoers and critics alike and accomplished precisely through Kantor's and Grotowski's impact), where bearing witness to on-stage action is a sacred. Krystian Lupa's and Krzysztof Warlikowski's art theater appears to be the latest to date of artistic discoveries. Their works are seen as primarily dealing with complexities of human nature. What follows are internships, joint projects with collaborating French artists and opera productions (Warlikowski). Simultaneously these very same stage directors rarely bring their own adaptations of Polish drama repertoire to France.However, Polish playwrights in general do generate interest. This is particularly true for Witold Gombrowicz, Stanisław Witkiewicz, Sławomir Mrożek, but tends to happen another way through French translated and staged versions.Understanding the other through theater is often assumed to be an incomplete reading, as the reader does not have the same baggage of lived history as the object of his or her perception. Yet despite this obvious bias, this reading sheds a new light on the Polish theater.

La présente recherche s’inscrit dans un contexte d’emploi particulier, celui de l’intermittence du spectacle qui est un mode d’affiliation spécifique au régime de l’assurance-chômage. Si, au départ, ce régime est avantageux dans la mesure où il s’adapte à des métiers qui ne permettent pas de travailler de manière continue par la compensation, sous forme d’indemnités-chômage, des aléas de la vie professionnelle, les réformes successives, dont il a fait l’objet, et notamment le protocole de 2003, ont profondément modifié les règles qui prévalaient jusqu’alors en matière de gestion temporelle de l’emploi et de l’activité de travail pour les techniciens et les artistes du spectacle, introduisant un principe de « double incertitude ».L’objectif de cette thèse est de contribuer à la production des connaissances sur la manière dont se construisent les Perspectives Temporelles dans des contextes socio-professionnels marqués par une forte instabilité et une incertitude accrue, en appréhendant le rôle des processus comparatifs mis en œuvre par les individus dans le sens qu’ils accordent à leurs expériences.Nous avons rencontrés 20 intermittents du spectacle, dont 10 techniciens du spectacle (annexe 8) et 10 artistes (annexe 10). Selon une approche essentiellement qualitative (Delory-Momberger, 2013), nous avons effectué des entretiens semi-directifs de type « récits de vie » (Bertaux, 1984). Les données recueillies ont fait l’objet d’une double analyse lexicométrique et phénoménologique. Nos résultats montrent que la relation existant entre les modalités d’inscription dans une situation plus ou moins précarisée et la construction des perspectives temporelles est médiatisée par des processus de comparaison sociale mis en œuvre par les individus dans leurs différentes sphères de vie et dont l’issue va contribuer à l’orientation (ou à la réorientation) de ces perspectives temporelles et au vécu de cette situation. / This research deals with a particular context of employment: occasional work in the entertainment industry, which is a mode of affiliation which is specific to the system of unemployment insurance. At first, this system was advantageous, insofar as it was compatible with jobs which cannot provide continuous work - thanks to the compensation of the hazards of work life through unemployment indemnities. However, the succeeding reforms - especially the 2003 protocol – deeply changed the regulations which had up to then prevailed in the time management of jobs and professional activities for technicians and artists in the entertainment industry, by initiating a principle of « double uncertainty ».The aim of this dissertation is to contribute to widen the knowledge about the way Temporal Perspectives develop in socio-professional contexts amid which heavy instability and increased uncertainty occur. In order to do so, this paper attempts to grasp the role of the comparative processes carried out by individuals in the meaning they attribute to their life experiences.We have met with 20 occasional entertainment workers, among whom 10 entertainment technicians (appendix 8) and 10 artists (appendix 10). Following a thoroughly qualitative approach (Delory-Momberger, 2013), we have carried out semi-guiding interviews in form of « life narratives » (Bertaux, 1884). The data gathered was submitted to a double analysis: lexicometric and phenomenological.The results show that the connection found between the ways individuals join into a situation more or less unsecured and the creation of temporal perspectives is mediated through social comparison processes carried out by individuals in the different spheres of their lives. Subsequently, the outcome of these processes will help direct (or redirect) these temporal perspectives and contribute to their life experience.