Cette thèse s’attache à étudier les premières étapes de vie des entreprises innovantes. Elles sont analysées tant sur le plan théorique, en faisant appel à la littérature sur l’entreprenariat, la théorie des organisations et celle sur l’innovation, que sur le plan empirique, via treize études de cas de start-ups en biotechnologie. Ce travail contribue à la littérature existante en introduisant théoriquement le concept d’agence entreprenariale. Les résultats sont présentés dans trois chapitres analytiques. Le premier analyse l’impact de la contrainte de financement, premièrement sur l’agence entreprenariale, et deuxièmement sur l’évolution de la firme. Le second s’intéresse au lien entre les caractéristiques de l’entrepreneur et les premiers stades de vie de l’entreprise. Enfin, le dernier chapitre examine le processus de transition allant du développement d’un projet d’innovation incubé dans une université jusqu’au début de la création de l’entreprise censée développer ce projet. / The aim of this thesis is to further the understanding of the entrepreneurial process, from opportunity recognition to the development of start-ups. Various literatures are used, such as those of entrepreneurship, innovation studies and theories of organisations. The theoretical framework also introduces the concept of entrepreneurial agency. This framework is tested through thirteen case studies of biotech start-ups. The results are presented in three analytical chapters. The first develops the impact of involving financiers on entrepreneurial agency and firm evolution. The second aims at observing the effects of a change of leadership throughout the entrepreneurial activity, and links the background of the founder with the strategy of the firm. The final chapter attempts to understand the steps that a research project goes through when transitioning from the incubating organisation to a newly created enterprise.

In this empirical research, the author focuses on the enterprise resource planning (ERP) software market. Based on a contingent perspective of how markets emerge and can be shaped, the author asks the research question of whether the emergence of the ERP market was a necessary, strong, or weak consequence of the product innovation of Systems, Applications & Products in Data Processing (SAP), which was the pioneer innovator in this specific market. This question is answered with a graph theoretical model of contingency and causality in order to measure the causality between events occurring over historical time. In this sense, the research article provides an application of the method proposed by Lehmann-Waffenschmidt. The author finds that the emergence of the ERP software market is contingent and was not predetermined; path dependencies play a big role in the way how this market segment emerged. With respect to both entrepreneurial and economic factors of relevance, the case of the SAP is far from a predetermined success story. The results are relevant for a number of reasons. First, the results indicate that instead of talking about success stories, a new perspective in market shaping can highlight a more realistic way of the contingent nature of entrepreneurial activity and product innovations. Second, the results aim to bridge the gap between marketing and the emergence of markets, as it was indicated as a research gap by recent contributions in marketing science. Third, the introduction of counterfactual events in the business history of SAP indicate a methodological innovation that has not yet been considered by marketing and entrepreneurship scholars, which may be helpful regarding recognizing patterns from the past and also regarding contingent planning for the future.

Les séries télévisées dramatiques américaines contemporaines (1990-2005) ont développé un mode de communication spécifique avec les téléspectateurs, fondé sur la construction d’une connivence entre le public et le programme, que nous étudierons en utilisant les principes de la rhétorique épidictique. Deux axes sont particulièrement importants et font l’objet d’une attention particulière : les seuils (titres, génériques, épigraphes, etc.) et les phénomènes d’intertextualité et de transtextualité.Les premiers sont devenus des lieux de jeu entre les producteurs du discours (chaînes, créateurs, producteurs exécutifs, scénaristes) et le public : oscillant entre normes industrielles et dynamisme créatif personnel, ils accompagnent les téléspectateurs dans leur entrée et leur sortie de la série et manifestent de forts enjeux marketing.Les phénomènes d’intertextualité et de transtextualité sont d’abord le spin off et le crossover, mais aussi tout le continuum des procédés de citation et de référence qui aboutissent à la constitution d’un texte-centon. Ils finissent par faire de la série télévisée un palimpseste, dans lequel chaque texte est l’écho de mille autres textes, d’événements de notre contemporanéité et nous rappelle les situations de notre vie.La série télévisée devient ainsi un rituel, non seulement de consommation (regarder son épisode chaque semaine), mais aussi au sens que la rhétorique épidictique donne à ce mot : elle permet de créer une communauté réunie autour de valeurs partagées. / Contemporary US TV dramas (from 1990 to 2005) have developed a specific communication process with their viewers, based on a strong proximity established between the audience and the program. In studying this issue we will apply the principles of the epideictic rhetoric. Two aspects are especially relevant and will thus receive particular attention: first the thresholds à la Genette (titles, opening credits, taglines, etc.), then the phenomena of intertextuality and transtextuality.Thresholds have become the loci of a game between the discourse producers (networks, creators, executive producers, writers) and the audience: navigating between industrial conventions and personal creative dynamism, they go alongside the TV viewer in its entrance and its exit of the series and embody significant marketing issues.The phenomena of intertextuality and transtextuality, on the other hand, are particularly apparent in both the spinoff and the crossover, as well as in a continuum of processes ranging from quotes to references. Altogether they lead to the constitution of a text-cento. Ultimately, they transform TV shows into a palimpsest, in which each text echoes thousands of other texts, key events of our contemporaneousness as well as reminders of the audience’s own life.In summary, TV shows have become a ritual in their own right, not only of consumption (watching an episode a week), but also in the sense that epideictic rhetoric gives to the concept: they create a community united around shared values.

Dans un environnement très compétitif, les entreprises ont besoin de contrôler et revoir constamment leurs positions stratégiques et repenser leurs compétences centrales via de nouvelles pratiques organisationnelles et managériales telle que l’essaimage. L’essaimage, se présente donc, comme un choix stratégique qui doit se faire d'une manière réfléchie dans le cadre de management innovant d’entreprise. Les initiatives d’appui à l’essaimage s’avèrent comme pistes prometteuses pour la création de l’emploi, la création de valeur et la création de richesse.Nous avons ainsi identifié les déterminants manageriels et organisationnels qui favorisent d’avantage le développement de l’essaimage, particulièrement dans le contexte tunisien à travers une recherche combinant une analyse de type qualitatif et longitudinal avec des éléments quantitatifs validant les résultats obtenus dans trois entreprises. / In a highly competitive environment, companies need to constantly monitor and review their strategic positions and rethink their core competencies through new organizational and managerial practices such as the spin-off. Therefore the spin-off presents itself as a strategic choice that must be taken in a thoughtful way in the context of innovative business management. The supporting initiatives of the spin-off appear as promising leads for job creation, value creation and wealth creation. We have identified the managerial and organizational determinants that primary promote the development of spin-offs, particularly in the Tunisian context through a research combining qualitative and longitudinal analysis with quantitative elements validating the results obtained in three different companies.

One form of transformation of companies is the spin-off. The main aim of the thesis is to describe the process of spin-off in terms of commercial law, accounting and taxes. There are also summarizes the differences compared to other transformations and examples of real spin-off. The most important obligations and procedures are summarized in the final examples.

Submitted by Silvana Teresinha Dornelles Studzinski (sstudzinski) on 2016-08-23T13:57:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Flavia Siqueira Fiorin_.pdf: 1579190 bytes, checksum: 9a2144cb9c520049ffeb5cdb44d3fbf0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-23T13:57:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Flavia Siqueira Fiorin_.pdf: 1579190 bytes, checksum: 9a2144cb9c520049ffeb5cdb44d3fbf0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-05-31 / Nenhuma / A evolução das redes de comunicação e infraestruturas comerciais alterou a dinâmica dos mercados, inserindo as organizações em um contexto de interação intensa. Países emergentes com taxas de crescimento positiva tem centrado sua estratégia de desenvolvimento no empreendedorismo aliado à inovação e a difusão tecnológica. Neste contexto, considerando a conjuntura industrial do Rio Grande do Sul, este estudo se propôs a analisar os fatores que conduziram empresa gaúcha inserida na economia tradicional a investir na criação de um novo negócio de base tecnológica, uma spin-off corporativa. Para tanto, foi realizado um estudo de caso, a partir de framework de análise estruturado pela literatura revisada, do qual derivaram os fatores de análise: Caracterização (empresa-mãe e spin-off) e Fatores Relevantes à Decisão e ao Processo de Spin-off (contexto externo, interno e motivadores). Os resultados encontrados demonstram que a criação da spin-off se mostra como alternativa de exploração de ativos estagnados na empresa-mãe frente à oportunidade mercadológica. Ainda, se atribui à spin-off expectativa de ganhos futuros à empresa-mãe, com risco minimizado, ao preservar a imagem em caso de insucesso. Os resultados apontam que a decisão de externalizar o novo negócio e integrá-lo a um ambiente de tecnologia e inovação diverso da empresa-mãe guardam relação com estratégia para atenuar barreiras de entrada no mercado onde a empresa-mãe é reconhecida por outra natureza tecnológica. Considerando o contexto externo os resultados evidenciam que, embora a influência exercida na decisão seja restrita, fatores como políticas-públicas permeiam e impactam o processo desde a caracterização da empresa-mãe até a criação da spin-off. / The evolution of commercial communication and infrastructure has changed the dynamics of the markets by introducing organizations in an intense interaction process. Emerging countries, with positive growth rates, have been focusing their development strategy on innovation entrepreneurship and technology diffusion. In the context of the local industry in Rio Grande do Sul, this study has analyzed the factors that led the industry (once inserted in the traditional economy of the State) to invest in creating a new tech based business, called a corporate spin-off. An analysis framework was developed based on the literature reviewed, and derived the following factor analysis: Characterization (parent company and spin-off); and, Relevant Factors of Spin-off Decision and Process (external and internal environment, and motivators). The framework was applied to a case study and the results show that the creation of the spin-off is an alternative to explore stagnated resources in the parent company upon a market opportunity. While the parent company expects future earnings from the spin-off, the spin-off offers minimized risk and preserves the parent company’s image in event of failure. The results indicate that separating the new business and integrating it into a technology and innovation environment different from the parent company is a strategy to mitigate the market barriers that would be encountered by the parent company, which is recognized by another technological nature. Within the external context, the results show that while factors such as public-policies have limited impact on decision making, they impact on the process from the characterization of the parent company to the creation of spin-off.

In today's knowledge-based society academic spin-offs are considered as one important form of technology transfer. However, most related entrepreneurial efforts fail. When looking at determining factors, researchers have to be regarded as members of a complex social network consisting not only of academic peers but also of participants from industry, policy, and supporting institutions, and friends and family members. This network is the academic entrepreneur's general framework of operation characterized by resource and communication flows of differing nature. The thesis tries to answer the question under what conditions technological spin-offs emerge from the academic community with special emphasis on the entrepreneurs' social capital expressed in terms of their social networks. Thus, a detailed analysis of the characteristics of the social network academic entrepreneurs operate in at the different stages of the spin-off process is effected. By means of social network analysis effected by a survey among Austrian academic entrepreneurs, it is examined which network structures favor the recognition of entrepreneurial opportunities and their realization in the form of a spin-off company. Thus generated insights are intended to contribute to nascent academic entrepreneurs' awareness how to optimally use their social contacts and networks in setting up their new ventures. Moreover, the work intends to provide valuable insights for political decision-makers as to the provision of necessary framework conditions supporting respective social dynamics required for the creation of innovative knowledge- und technology-intensive companies in Austria. (author's abstract)

Originally presented as the author's thesis: Universität zu Kiel, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2018-01-16T20:56:05Z No. of bitstreams: 1 MoisesCiriloDeBritoSouto_DISSERT.pdf: 15760989 bytes, checksum: 92d36a4a1cf0eea79794b89c7fd70279 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2018-01-22T16:15:43Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 MoisesCiriloDeBritoSouto_DISSERT.pdf: 15760989 bytes, checksum: 92d36a4a1cf0eea79794b89c7fd70279 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-22T16:15:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MoisesCiriloDeBritoSouto_DISSERT.pdf: 15760989 bytes, checksum: 92d36a4a1cf0eea79794b89c7fd70279 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-07-25 / Neste trabalho ser? discutida a gest?o de inova??o baseada em spin-off acad?mico de pesquisa. Ser? apresentada a startup resultante, COIoT, da Plataforma Samana?, um projeto de pesquisa desenvolvido no Instituto Federal de Educa??o, Ci?ncia e Tecnologia do Rio Grande do Norte em conjunto com o Centro Regional do Nordeste do Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais. Al?m disso, ser?o descritos tamb?m os artefatos de propriedade intelectual desenvolvidos e que foram introduzidos no mercado por essa startup, modelada durante o presente mestrado e objeto deste trabalho. Ser?o discutidos os resultados em termos desses artefatos e como os mesmos ser?o explorados comercialmente pela startup, resultando em retorno na forma de royalties ?s institui??es de pesquisa envolvidas. / This work will discuss innovation management based on academic spin-off research. The resulting startup, COIoT, of the Samana? Platform will be presented, as research project developed at the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Rio Grande do Norte (IFRN) in cooperation with the Northeast Regional Center of the Brazilian National Institute for Space Research (CRN-INPE). In addition, it will also be described the intellectual property artifacts developed and introduced by the startup, modeled during the present master?s course and object of this work. The results will be discussed in terms of intellectual property artifacts and how such artifacts will be commercially exploited by startup, resulting in a return on royalties to the research institutions involved.

Este estudo aborda a diversificação produtiva do cluster metal-mecânico agrícola da região Fronteira Noroeste do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, por meio da análise de sua trajetória a partir dos mecanismos de transbordamento (spillover) e spin-off. O cluster estudado se originou a partir de duas empresas-âncora que, inicialmente, eram voltadas a atividades advindas das tradições artesanais da marcenaria e da ferraria. A partir dessas atividades, o cluster se especializou no segmento metal-mecânico agrícola, mais especificadamente com a produção de colheitadeiras. Neste contexto, emerge a questão-problema que orienta este estudo: Qual a trajetória do cluster metal-mecânico agrícola da região Fronteira Noroeste, com foco na diversificação produtiva, a partir dos efeitos de transbordamento (spillover) e nos processos de spin-off desencadeados pelas empresas-âncora? Para atender à questão da pesquisa, se coloca como objetivo geral: analisar a trajetória do cluster metal-mecânico agrícola da região da Fronteira Noroeste, a partir dos efeitos de transbordamento (spillover) e nos processos de spin-off desencadeados pelas empresas-âncora. No que tange aos procedimentos metodológicos, foram utilizadas fontes de dados secundários e também foi realizada pesquisa de campo com levantamento de dados primários, para obter dados e informações que pudessem subsidiar a análise pretendida. Assim, foram aplicados questionários a gestores de empresas contempladas no estudo, prefeitos municipais, docentes de ensino superior e outros profissionais envolvidos com o desenvolvimento da região. Como principais resultados, o estudo evidencia que o cluster metal-mecânico agrícola da região Fronteira Noroeste, na taxonomia de Markusen (1995), apresenta a configuração centro-radial, com complementaridade da tipologia plataforma industrial satélite. A principal característica do cluster é a especialização no setor metal-mecânico agrícola, com ênfase na produção de colheitadeiras. Esta característica perpassa todas as fases do ciclo de vida do cluster. Porém, a partir da fase de desenvolvimento há uma primeira iniciativa da diversificação começar por uma empresa-âncora, passando a produzir plantadeiras no ano de 1984, e uma segunda iniciativa da diversificação desta mesma empresa com a produção de tratores de roda a partir de 1996. O processo de diversificação produtiva do cluster metal-mecânico agrícola da região Fronteira Noroeste se intensifica por meio dos mecanismos de transbordamento (spillover) e spin-off, acelerando-se a partir das crises de 2004-2006 e 2008. A diversificação observada/detectada, porém, não corresponde ao estabelecimento de uma outra base produtiva e tecnológica. Continua a haver uma especialização no segmento metal-mecânico, mas ocorre uma diversificação de empresas e de produtos produzidos. Assim, a competitividade do cluster não depende somente de sua especialização, mas é potencializada a partir da sinergia criada pela especialização e diversificação. / This study addresses the productive diversification of the metal-mechanic agricultural cluster of North West Frontier area in Rio Grande do Sul state, through the analysis of the trajectory from the mechanisms spillover and spin-off. The cluster studied originated from two basis companies that were initially aimed at logs craft traditions of woodworking and blacksmithing. From these activities, the cluster specializes in metalworking agricultural sector, more specifically with the production of combine harvesters. In this context, arise questions of problem that guide this study: What is the trajectory of the metal-mechanic agricultural cluster in North West Frontier area, with a focus on diversification of production, from the spillover effects and spin-off processes triggered by basis companies? To answer the research question, arises as general objective: to analyze the trajectory of metal-mechanic agricultural cluster in North West Frontier area, from the spillover effects and the spin-off process triggered by basis companies. Regarding the methodological procedures were used secondary data sources and was also conducted field research with primary data collection, to obtain data and information that could support the desired analysis. Thus, we applied questionnaires to managers of companies included in the study, mayors, professors and other professionals involved with the development of the region. As main results, the study showed that the of metal-mechanic agricultural cluster in North West Frontier area, in the taxonomy of Markusen (1995), shows the center-radial configuration, with complementary typology satellite industrial platform. The main feature of the cluster is the specialization in the metal-mechanic agriculture sector, with emphasis on producing harvesters. This feature runs through all stages of the cluster life cycle. However, from the development phase there is a first initiative of diversification starting by a basis company, planters started producing in 1984, and a second initiative to diversify the same company with the production of tractors from 1996. The process of productive diversification of the metal-mechanic agricultural cluster in North West Frontier area intensifies through the mechanisms spillover and spin-off, speeding up from the crises of 2004-2006 and 2008. The diversification observed / detected, however, does not correspond to the establishment of another productive and technological base. There is still a segment specialization in metal-mechanic, but there is a diversification of businesses and products produced. Thus, the competitiveness of the cluster not depends only his expertise, but is powered from the synergy created by specialization and diversification.