Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:53:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:02:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Com a redução das barreiras tarifárias ao comércio internacional, as normas técnicas, regulamentos técnicos e procedimentos de avaliação da conformidade vêm se tornando importantes mecanismos protecionistas e de restrição ao comércio. Esse trabalho tem por objetivo estudar essas questões, tendo como foco principal a exportação para a União Européia dos equipamentos eletromédicos produzidos por pequenas e médias empresas brasileiras. Realiza-se uma revisão bibliográfica buscando-se identificar e comparar as normas técnicas, os regulamentos técnicos e os mecanismos de avaliação da conformidade para os dispositivos eletromédicos, praticados pela União Européia e os vigentes no Brasil. É desenvolvida uma pesquisa junto a PMEs Pequenas e Médias Empresas fabricantes de dispositivos eletromédicos e exportadores para a União Européia, buscando-se identificar as dificuldades encontradas, as formas de superação dessas e os apoios recebidos. É elaborado um método, baseado nas experiências estudadas e adquiridas a partir da pesquisa junto às PMEs, para a identificação e superação das dificuldades técnicas para a exportação dos equipamentos eletromédicos para a União Européia. Conclui-se que não existem propriamente barreiras técnicas e que as dificuldades enfrentadas pelas empresas podem ser superadas com a participação nos fóruns de normalização, apoio técnico dos institutos tecnológicos, apoio financeiro das agências governamentais de fomento e investimentos em pesquisa, desenvolvimento e inovação. / Dissertação (Mestrado) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:33:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:05:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / A história da pesquisa e desenvolvimento dos biomateriais e dispositivos médicos mostra a inserção de produtos não seguros no mercado, os quais foram causa de mortes e seqüelas nos pacientes. Diante de tal quadro, pode-se dizer que diversos setores da indústria, representantes da academia, assim como órgãos governamentais de regulamentação e controle da qualidade de produtos, estão sob crescente pressão para educação e integração do setor. Sob esta perspectiva, a pesquisa passou a ser um diagnóstico das interrelações inseridas em tal cenário. Este trabalho foi realizado por meio de pesquisa etnográfica entre agosto de 2008 e agosto de 2010 com o intuito de reconhecer e analisar as inter-relações científicas, tecnológicas e normativas na pesquisa dos biomaterias. Neste percurso utilizamos a Norma ISO 10.993, que trata das avaliações biológicas dos biomateriais, para aproximação com os grupos de pesquisa. A pesquisa de campo envolveu: 1. Observação das práticas laboratoriais e acompanhamento de duas disciplinas de pós-graduação oferecidas no IPEN/SP: Introdução aos Biomateriais (TNM5782) e Biomateriais Propriedades e Avaliação (TNM 5783); 2. Participação nos Congressos Latino Americano de Órgãos Artificiais e Biomateriais (COLAOB) e nos eventos promovidos pelo Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia (INCT) Biofabris; e, 3. Organização de um Debate com os grupos de pesquisa em biomateriais do IPEN. O debate e as aulas foram filmados, transcritos e analisados. Os resultados apontaram os grandes avanços dos programas acadêmicos de biomaterais e da integração entre as diversas 18 formações que trabalham nesta linha de pesquisa. Em termos de aplicação tecnológica, o envolvimento dos pesquisadores com os aspectos industriais e regulatórios tornou-se presente no cotidiano acadêmico. Assim, foi ressaltada a importância das aproximações entre a pesquisa e ensino e estas outras esferas e discutida as possibilidades de inserção de assuntos políticos, sociais, culturais e organizacionais neste contexto. / Dissertação (Mestrado) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP

Orientador: Flávio Augusto Picch / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-21T21:33:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Mariz_RenatoNunes_M.pdf: 3886715 bytes, checksum: 80396e82fffbae61a5750b4452e5f948 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: O trabalho padronizado (TP) tem sido amplamente utilizado na manufatura. Por meio de sua aplicação, resultados significativos de produtividade e estabilização de processos têm sido alcançados. Na construção, sua aplicação é ainda embrionária, sendo observadas ações parciais, não existindo ainda conhecimento suficiente sobre as melhores práticas que tragam resultados tão significativos quanto os observados na manufatura. O objetivo desta pesquisa é propor um método para aplicação do trabalho padronizado em serviços de construção. A estratégia de pesquisa utilizada foi a Design Science Research (DSR). Para tanto foram realizados três estudos de caso, com o intuito de desenvolver e validar esse método, que partiu de uma base utilizada para a manufatura, adaptando-o a especificidades da construção, tendo na forma final dez etapas e uma tabela que relaciona as etapas aos documentos do trabalho padronizado utilizados, dando assim uma orientação prática que facilita a aplicação do trabalho padronizado a serviços de construção. Os resultados indicam que ao aplicar o método a produtividade dos funcionários dobrou, a satisfação melhorou e houve redução de desperdício no ambiente de trabalho. Como sugestão para trabalhos futuros, indica-se o teste prático deste método em outros serviços de construção, inclusive que utilizem maquinário, e a avaliação de outros aspectos, como: qualidade do serviço, segurança e ergonomia / Abstract: Standardized work has been widely used in manufacturing. Through its application, results have been achieved, such as significant productivity and process stabilization. In construction, its application is still incipient, with partial applications, and there is not yet sufficient knowledge on the best ways to apply and to produce results as important as in manufacturing. The objective of this research is to propose a method for standardized work application in construction services. The research strategy used was Design Science Research (DSR). Therefore, we performed three case studies, in order to develop and validate this method. The method started from a base used for manufacturing, adapting it to the specifics of construction, taking into final form ten steps and a table that lists the steps and relates these steps to standardized work documents, thus giving practical guidance that facilitates application standardized work construction services. The results indicate that by applying this method doubled the productivity of employees, employee satisfaction was improved and waste was reduced in the workplace. Suggestion for future studies indicates the practical test of this method in other building services, including the ones that use machinery and evaluation of other aspects, such as quality, safety and ergonomics / Mestrado / Arquitetura e Construção / Mestre em Engenharia Civil

The purpose of this thesis was to review and investigate processes by analyzing what impact logistics and handling had on the transportation units, with the goal of proposing a solution strategy for how to prevent and reduce the breakage of these units. By creating and applying standards and guidelines, specified in this thesis there is the opportunity to greatly reduce: cost of costumer claims, ecological impact and risk of injuries. To achieve this: mapping of the processes and locating risk factors, archival studies, literature, Ishikawa mapping, a case study and interviews were performed. With the methods used, two main problem areas were found and investigated. Analyzing these two problem areas lead to the recommendations of standards and application of Standardized work. / Syftet med det genomförda examensarbetet var att undersöka och analysera vilka effekter logistik och hantering haft på hållfastheten av lastningsbärare för att ta fram ett lösningsförslag på hur brott kan förebyggas. Från införda standarder och riktlinjer, presenterade i det här examensarbetet kan reklamationskostnader, ekologiska kostnader och skaderisker kraftigt minimeras. Processkartläggning och risk sökning, Arkiv- och litteraturstudier, Ishikawa- kartläggning, fallstudie och intervjuer genomfördes och användes för att få fram resultatet. Med de använda metoderna kunde två problemområden hittas och undersökas. Analysering av dessa problemområden ledde till en rekommendation om applicering av standardiserat arbete.

Alors que le recours à la normalisation est croissant dans le domaine des activités économiques, il est pertinent de constater que l’appréhension théorique du phénomène s’est bien souvent limitée à son identification technique.Pourtant, la normalisation doit être tenue pour un phénomène normatif plus vaste, dont les implications tant juridiques que pratiques ne peuvent être ignorées. La thèse ici présentée propose une étude d’ensemble du phénomène. Celle-ci fait apparaître son extraordinaire variété et la complexité de son articulation avec le droit économique. La réflexion partira du constat que la normalisation se manifeste à l’ordre juridique par l’intermédiaire de formes normatives variées, qui ne se limitent pas au domaine de la normalisation technique. Dès lors, l’adoption d’une analyse conceptuelle prend tout son sens. D’une part, elle permet de dégager qu’elles sont les caractéristiques permettant d’identifier les manifestations normatives relevant, ou non, d’un processus de normalisation. D’autre part, elle précise dans quelle mesure les normes issues de la normalisation sont porteuses de normativité juridique. Une telle analyse est logiquement complétée par une approche fonctionnelle du phénomène. Celle-ci révèle la contribution de ce processus à la mise en oeuvre du droit économique et précise dans quelle mesure il peut participer à sa création. Néanmoins l’articulation de la normalisation avec le droit économique ne se limite pas à la contribution de la première au second. Ainsi, l’étude de la confrontation de la normalisation à la matière nous permettra de relever que, si la normalisation facilite les échanges et dans une certaine mesure la concurrence, elle peut également restreindre la compétition entre les entreprises sur le marché. / While the use of standards is increasing in the field of economic activities, it is pertinent to note that the theoretical understanding of the phenomenon was often limited to technical identification. However, standardization should be held to a broader normative phenomenon, both legal and practical implications can not be ignored. The thesis presented here provides a comprehensive study of the phenomenon. This shows the extraordinary variety and complexity of itsrelationship with the economic law. Reflection based on the premise that standardization occurs in the legal system through various forms of standards, which are not confined to the field of technical standardization. Therefore, the adoption of a conceptual analysis makes sense. On the one hand, it allows to identify the characteristics that are used to identify normative events coming or not a process of normalization. On the other hand, it specifies how standards from standardization are carriers of legal normativity. Such analysis is logically complemented by a functional approach to the phenomenon. It reveals the contribution of this process to the implementation of economic law and specifies howt hey can participate in its creation. Nevertheless, the articulation of economic normalization with the law is not limited to the contribution of the former to the latter. Thus, the study of the confrontation of standardization in this area will allow us to observe that, although standardization facilitates trade and to some extent competition, it may also restrict competition between firms in the market.

Existent scholarship in communication studies has failed to adequately address the particular pedagogical context of current public secondary education within the United States. While communication studies has produced a great deal of scholarship centered within the framework of critical pedagogy, these efforts fail to offer public high school teachers in the U.S. a tenable alternative to standardized constructs of educational communication. This thesis addresses the need for a workable, critical pedagogy in this particular educational context as a specific question of educational communication. a theorization of pedagogical action drawing from critical pedagogy, pragmatism, and communication studies termed “critical pragmatism” is offered as an effective, critical counter point to current neoliberal classroom practices in U.S. public secondary schools.

Este trabajo presenta el problema del exceso de desperdicios de etiquetas que se genera en la impresión de estos mismos. El proceso de impresión es el proceso clave de la empresa, puesto que transforma los rollos de plástico juntamente con las tintas y un error en los procedimientos produce la pérdida del material ingresado y dinero. Esto impulsa a plantear soluciones mediante técnicas Lean en la producción de etiquetas. Por lo general, los estudios se basan en otras líneas del sector plástico, tales como las tuberías, bolsas, envases, entre otros. Para enfrentar este problema, se utilizará la metodologia Lean Manufacturing adaptado a un ciclo de mejora continua formando un modelo de propuesta de solución, con técnicas como 5s de soporte, la aplicación del Mantenimiento Autónomo, Kanban y Estandarización del Trabajo. En base a una prueba piloto realizada, se obtiene una reducción de desperdicios de 7.78% y una mejora en los indicadores que están implicados en la investigación. / This work presents the problem of excessive waste of labels that is generated in the printing of these. The printing process is the key process of the company, since it transforms the plastic rolls together with the inks and an error in the procedures causes the loss of the material entered and money. This drives to propose solutions through Lean techniques in the production of labels. In general, the studies are based on other lines in the plastic sector, such as pipes, bags, containers, among others. To address this problem, the Lean Manufacturing methodology adapted to a cycle of continuous improvement will be used, forming a solution proposal model, with techniques such as support 5s, the application of Autonomous Maintenance, Kanban and Standardization of Work. Based on a pilot test, a waste reduction of 7.78% and an improvement in the indicators that are involved in the investigation are obtained. / Trabajo de investigaciòn

Este trabajo presenta la situación de una empresa que se dedica a la fabricación de bolsas plásticas, la cual actualmente tiene retrasos en su producción cuya consecuencia proviene de: faltante de materias primas, productos defectuosos y reprocesados. Es por ello que, al no contar con métodos estandarizados ni herramientas en el flujo de producción, lleva consigo el retraso de los tiempos de entrega del producto al cliente, el cual fue de 41.67% entregas impuntuales en el año 2016. Mediante la aplicación de las diferentes metodologías propuestas es posible resolver las diferentes causas, con el objetivo de reducir las entregas a destiempo. Para analizar el efecto de las metodologías propuestas en la empresa, se utilizó la técnica de simulación. De lo cual, se obtuvo una reducción del índice de productos defectuosos de 18% a 10%, índice de productos reprocesados de 7% a 3% y un aumento de la exactitud de reposición de materia prima de 65% a 90%, dando así un incremento del índice de cumplimiento de plazos entregas de 58% a 95%. Asimismo, con la finalidad de determinar si el proyecto es viable y rentable, se realizó un estudio financiero considerando los costos que se deben incurrir para la realización del proyecto. En este caso, el proyecto es viable de acuerdo con el análisis económico y financiero, ya que se obtiene el Valor Actual Neto de S/36,529, la Tasa Interna de Rendimiento de 31.45% y el Periodo de Retorno de la Inversión en el sexto mes de empezado el proyecto. / This thesis presents the situation of a company that is dedicated to the manufacture of plastic bags, which currently has delays in its production whose consequence comes from: missing raw materials, defective and reprocessed products. That is why, since there are no standardized methods or tools in the production flow, it entails the delay in the delivery times of the product to the customer, which was 41.67% unpunctual deliveries in 2016. Through the application of the different proposed methodologies it is possible to solve the different causes, with the aim of reducing the deliveries at the wrong time. To analyze the effect of the methodologies proposed in the company, the simulation technique was used. Of which, a reduction of the defective products index was obtained from 18% to 10%, reprocessed products index from 7% to 3% and an increase in the replacement accuracy of raw material from 65% to 90%, thus giving an increase in the delivery deadline index from 58% to 95%. Likewise, in order to determine if the project is viable and profitable, a financial study was carried out considering the costs that must be incurred to carry out the project. In this case, the project is viable according to the economic and financial analysis, since the Net Present Value of S / 36,529, the Internal Rate of Return of 31.45% and the Return on Investment Period in the sixth month are obtained the project started. / Trabajo de Suficiencia Profesional

The aim of this study was to standardize and validate an immunohistochemical test for the routine diagnosis of African horsesickness in horses. Hamblin developed the primary anti- African horsesickness virus serum that I used and the avidin-biotin complex detection system was employed. During the standardization process I demonstrate that lung, heart and spleen samples are the most reliable. I also show that it is not necessary to take multiple samples per organ, because the AHSV-positive signal is generally widespread throughout the lung and heart, in particular. In order to validate the technique, samples from 118 negative and 128 positive horse cases, including all nine known serotypes, were immunostained. All of the positive cases were confirmed by means of virus isolation. Negative horse samples were obtained from countries where African horsesickness does not occur. None of the negative cases stained positive and all the positive cases were correctly identified. Therefore, there was 100 % concordance between immunohisto chemistry (when applied to formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded heart and/or lung and/or spleen tissues from positive horse cases that had been archived for less than 10 years) and virus isolation results. Heart and lung had consistently more positive signal than spleen. The Hamblin antiserum did not cross-react with closely-related orbiviruses (specifically equine encephalosis virus and bluetongue virus) in selected horse and sheep tissues, respectively. Characteristic positive staining was observed in lung, heart and spleen samples from two dogs that died of African horsesickness. Positive signal was not affected by long-term storage in formaldehyde (up to 365 days). Also, specific positive staining could be detected in heart and/or lung and/or spleen samples in more than 95 % of positive horses where tissue blocks had been stored for between 10 and 83 years. The principal target cells in the horse and dog cases were microvascular endothelial cells, intravascular monocyte-macrophages and, to a lesser extent, interstitial macrophages in lung, spleen and liver, in particular. Positive staining is intracytoplasmic with a bead/dot and/or granular character. Beads, dots or granules may occur singly or in clusters. Occasionally, linear deposits of positive signal delineate segments of capillary vessels. The veterinary pathologist must look for characteristic positive signal in target cells, because, occasionally, certain bacteria (Rhodococcus equi and Helicobacter sp.) cross-react with the Hamblin antiserum. Clearly, the test is highly sensitive, specific and robust, sufficiently so for the routine diagnosis of African horsesickness virus. / Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2008. / Paraclinical Sciences / unrestricted

This study aims to research variation at a startup company and to understand what methods are necessary to root out and eliminate quality issues. The study is conducted at Biotech AB which is a producer of Bio-instruments as well as bio-ingredients that are produced on site for customers. The company has been concerned with the amount of variation in internal quality coming from the production and the purpose of this study is to find what is causing the variations and what preventative actions need to be taken. This study has been a mix between a quantitative and a qualitative study with its base being around the records of errors given through quality logs. Several interviews were made as well as observations in working procedures and working instructions. The results showed that five major issues were causing the most concern and unnecessary cycles in production, namely featured parts and human error also cause these variations. The interviews indicated that processes need to be managed better and faster due to the rapid pace of the company growth. They also indicate that the communication doesn't always work and needs to flow freely in both directions. The level of waste is quite high in forms of physical waste and time wasted due to cycles in production. Lean thinking needs to be implemented and 5s needs to be made aware of to give everyone a quality and waste-free working ethic from the ground up. Many of these issues could be solved by implementing a quality perspective by giving constant feedback according to TQM.