Submitted by Neusa Fagundes (neusa.fagundes@unioeste.br) on 2017-09-21T14:14:56Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Luciana_Quadros2017.pdf: 3841180 bytes, checksum: d0ca719c2ed9296ba68c6d8f3de2bf4b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-21T14:14:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Luciana_Quadros2017.pdf: 3841180 bytes, checksum: d0ca719c2ed9296ba68c6d8f3de2bf4b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-09 / This research aims to show meteorological drought occurrences in Paraná State and to present possible future scenarios concerning this extreme weather. There was some requirement to understand better the rainfall patterns in Paraná State when data were analyzed at first, since there were an extensive series of historical precipitation data, from 1980 to 2010 and simulated data by the global model MIROC5 nestled with the Eta regional model, for the future until 2050. The first paper aims to detect analyze variability and precipitation trend in Paraná. Non-parametric tests were applied to detect precipitation trends as well as compare data from historical series with future data. The results have called the researcher’s attention due to the great variability and significant changes in the average monthly precipitation that can occurred in the studied State. Secondly, the extreme drought theme was approached based on the historical series from 1980 to 2015. The second paper aims to analyze variability and future scenarios of drought in Paraná State, using the standardized drought index. The results show that, although there is an increasing trend of precipitation in the State, there is also a change concerning the drought scenario, which warns of a possible decrease in water availability, especially in the Metropolitan mesoregion. Changes in water resources management policies would be interesting to help future mitigation actions of this phenomenon. / Esse trabalho científico tem como objetivo mostrar ocorrências de seca meteorológica sobre o Estado do Paraná e mostrar possíveis cenários futuros desse extremo climático. Em uma primeira análise dos dados, como tínhamos uma série abrangente de precipitação (período de 1980 a 2010) e também dados simulados pelo modelo global MIROC5 aninhado com o modelo regional Eta (para o futuro até 2050), observamos a necessidade de se entender melhor o regime de precipitação no Estado do Paraná. O artigo 1 tem como objetivos detectar e analisar a variabilidade e a tendência de precipitação sobre o Estado, bem como comparar dados da série histórica com dados da série futura. Os resultados chamam atenção para a grande variabilidade e mudanças significativas na precipitação média mensal que poderão ocorrer no Estado do Paraná. Em um segundo momento, o tema seca extrema foi abordado, com série histórica dos anos de 1980 a 2015. O artigo 2 tem como objetivo analisar a variabilidade e os futuros cenários de seca sobre o estado do Paraná, utilizando o índice padronizado de seca. Os resultados mostram que, apesar de haver uma tendência crescente de precipitação sobre o Estado, também há mudança do cenário de seca, a qual alerta sobre uma possível redução da disponibilidade hídrica, principalmente na mesorregião Metropolitana. Mudanças nas políticas de gestão dos recursos hídricos seriam importantes para auxiliar futuras ações mitigadoras desse fenômeno.

A planta Psidium guajava Linn. (Myrtaceae), popularmente conhecida por goiabeira, é muito utilizada na medicina tradicional devido às suas propriedades antioxidante, antimicrobiana e anti-inflamatória. O objetivo deste trabalho foi a obtenção, padronização e avaliação das atividades biológicas de extratos secos de P. guajava obtidos por spray drying, com ênfase na influência exercida por diferentes adjuvantes tecnológicos sobre as propriedades físicoquímicas dos extratos padronizados. A primeira etapa do trabalho foi a coleta das folhas de quatro cultivares de Psidium guajava (Paluma, Pedro Sato, Século XXI e Santana da Vargem). A variedade Pedro Sato apresentou os maiores teores de substâncias bioativas correlacionadas com a atividade antioxidante, sendo, portanto selecionada para prosseguimento do trabalho. A solução extrativa foi obtida utilizando o método de extração por maceração dinâmica à temperatura de 56 ºC, por 60 min, utilizando etanol 70% (v/v) como solvente extrator e proporção planta/solvente de 1/10 (m/v). O extrato obtido foi concentrado até teor de sólidos de 10,7 % e acrescido dos adjuvantes de secagem nas proporções de 40 e 80% (base seca). Os adjuvantes empregados neste trabalho (isolados ou em associação) foram a goma arábica (Encapsia), amido modificado (Dry Flo), ?- ciclodextrina (Kleptose), celulose microcristalina (Microcel MC 102), dióxido de silício colloidal (Aerosil 200) e maltodextrina (Mor-Rex 1910). A etapa de secagem foi desenvolvida em um spray dryer de bancada modelo SD-05 da LabPlant, sendo os parâmetros operacionais fixados em: temperatura de entrada do ar de secagem (Tge): 150 ºC, vazão do ar de secagem (Wg): 60 m3/h, vazão de alimentação do extrato (Wsusp): 4 g/min, pressão do ar de atomização (Patm): 1,5 bar e vazão do ar de atomização (Watm): 15 lpm. Os extratos secos obtidos foram caracterizados quanto às características físico-químicas, morfológicas e atividade antioxidante. Foram selecionadas três amostras de extratos secos (maltodextrina:Aerosil, maltodextrina:encapsia:aerosil e ?-ciclodextrina na proporção de 80%) para os estudos de estabilidade e ensaios de atividade antioxidante (DPPH, ABTS, ORAC, FRAP e ensaios em modelos celulares, QLlum) e antimicrobiana (bactérias e fungos). A atividade dos extratos secos de P. guajava sobre o metabolismo oxidativo de neutrófilos humanos estimulados com PMA pelo método da quimioluminescência mostra resultados de inibição da QLlum de forma dependente da concentração e não tóxica sobre os neutrófilos. Os extratos secos foram ativos contra S. aureus e C. glabrata, e inativos contra as bactérias Gram negativas avaliadas. Os resultados deste estudo podem contribuir para o desenvolvimento de novas formas farmacêuticas e para a validação de aplicações clínicas da Psidium guajava, espécie inserida no elenco de espécies vegetais selecionadas para estudos pelo Programa de Pesquisas de Plantas Medicinais e incluída na Relação Nacional de Plantas Medicinais de Interesse ao SUS (RENISUS), justificando a importância da investigação da sua viabilidade tecnológica. / Psidium guajava Linn. (Myrtaceae), popularly known as guava, is widely used in traditional medicine due to its antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties. The aim of this work was to standardization and evaluation of the biological activities of spray drying dried extracts of P. guajava, with emphasis on the influence exerted by different carriers on the physicochemical properties of dried extracts. The first stage of the study was the collection of leaves of four cultivars of Psidium guajava (Paluma, Pedro Sato, Century XXI and Santana\'s Vargem). The variety Pedro Sato showed the highest levels of bioactive substances correlated with antioxidant activity, and therefore selected for further work. The extraction solution was obtained using the dynamic maceration method at a temperature of 56 ° C for 60 min using ethanol 70% (v/v) as extractor solvent and plant/solvent ratio of 1/10 (m/v). The extract obtained was concentrated until a solid contents of 10.7% and added with the carriers in proportions of 40 to 80% (dry basis). The carriers used in this study (alone or in blends) were arabic gum (Encapsia), modified starch (Dry Flo), ?-cyclodextrin (Kleptose), microcrystalline cellulose (MC Microcel 102), colloidal silicon dioxide (Aerosil 200) and maltodextrin (Mor-Rex 1910). The drying runs was performed in a bench top spray dryer model SD-05 LabPlant, and the operational parameters set at: inlet temperature of the drying air (Tgi): 150 °C, flow rate of the drying air (Wg): 60 m3/h, feed flow rate of extract (Wsusp): 4 g/min, atomizing air pressure (Patm): 1.5 bar and atomizing air flow rate (Watm): 15 lpm. Spray dried preparations were characterized by physico-chemical, morphological and antioxidant activity. Three samples of dried extracts was selected (maltodextrin: Aerosil, maltodextrin: encapsia: aerosil and ?-cyclodextrin in the proportion of 80%) for stability studies and trials of antioxidant activity (DPPH, ABTS, ORAC, FRAP and assays in cell models, QLlum) and antimicrobial (bacteria and fungi). The activity of dried extracts of P. guajava by cellular test that measured the luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence (CLlum) produced by phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) stimulated neutrophils show results QLlum inhibition of concentration-dependent manner and nontoxic on neutrophils. The dried extracts were active against S. aureus and C. glabrata, and inactive against Gram-negative bacteria evaluated. The results of this study may contribute to the development of novel dosage forms for validation and clinical applications of the Psidium guajava, medicinal specie included in the list of plant species selected for study by the Research Program on Medicinal Plants and included in the National List of Medicinal Plants Interest SUS (RENISUS), justifying the importance of research of its technological feasibility.

Submitted by Gabriela Lopes (gmachadolopesufpel@gmail.com) on 2017-03-07T16:57:14Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) DISSERTAÇÃO_Gisele_Machado.pdf: 3307276 bytes, checksum: 592c96eced3ac21eaba699361b81eed0 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Aline Batista (alinehb.ufpel@gmail.com) on 2017-03-09T20:39:48Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 DISSERTAÇÃO_Gisele_Machado.pdf: 3307276 bytes, checksum: 592c96eced3ac21eaba699361b81eed0 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-09T20:39:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 DISSERTAÇÃO_Gisele_Machado.pdf: 3307276 bytes, checksum: 592c96eced3ac21eaba699361b81eed0 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-31 / O Estado do Rio Grande do Sul tem acumulado perdas na produção agropecuária e econômica, em função da ocorrência de eventos de seca. Apesar de todo o avanço tecnológico, a agricultura ainda depende das condições climáticas e meteorológicas e, por isso, estudos devem ser realizados com o intuito de auxiliar na investigação do comportamento da seca, nas mais diversas regiões. Um passo importante para o entendimento dos eventos de seca é a utilização de índices, que fazem um levantamento da situação, conforme uma escala de intensidade, que objetiva dar um panorama do comportamento hídrico da região.Assim, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo identificar e caracterizar o comportamento da seca, utilizando índices meteorológicos, em diferentes escalas temporais para 40 estações, compostas por uma série de dados de precipitação de 90 anos (1913-2002), localizadas no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, obtidas através do banco de dados do Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia e da Agência Nacional de Águas.Para tanto, foram utilizados dois índices de seca: Índice Padronizado de Precipitação, nas escalas temporais de 1, 3, 6, 9, 12 e 24 meses, nas intensidades severa e extrema,e o Índice de Moreno,em escala trimestral e semestral,nas intensidades intensa e severa, bem como a contagem do número total de dias secos e análise da sequência de dias secos.Para o preenchimento de dados das séries de precipitação diária, foi utilizada a modelagem estocástica Cadeia de Markov de dois estados. Os resultados mostraram que para o Índice de Moreno, a escala trimestral, comparativamente à escala semestral, apresentou maior concentração de eventos de seca. Para o Índice Padronizado de Precipitação,as maiores sequências de meses secos foram encontradas na intensidade extrema; a maior ocorrência de eventos de seca severa coincidiu em 85% com os períodos de La Niña e a maior incidência de eventos de seca severa e intensa ocorreu na década de 1943 a 1952. Quantoà espacialização do Índice Padronizado de Precipitação, nas escalas 6, 12 e 24 meses, esta representou adequadamente os resultados obtidos nas sequências de períodos secos. / Due to the occurrence of drought events, the state of Rio Grande do Sul has accumulated losses in the agricultural and economic production. Despite the technological advances, agriculture still depends on climatic and weather conditions and, therefore, studies should be conducted in order to help the investigation of drought behavior in various regions. An important step in the understanding of drought events is the use of indexes, which survey the situation, according to an intensity scale, which aims to give an overview of the water behavior in the region. Thus, this study aims to identify and characterize drought behavior by using meteorological indexes, at different time scales for 40 seasons, consisting of a series of rainfall data from 1913 to 2002, located in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, obtained from the database of the National Institute of Meteorology (INMET) and the National Water Agency (ANA). Therefore, two drought indexes were used: Standardized Precipitation Index, in the time scales of 1, 3, 6, 9, 12 and 24 months, in severe and extreme intensities, and the Moreno Index, a quarterly and half-yearly scale, in intense to severe intensities, as well as the count of the total number and sequence analysis of dry days. For data filling of daily precipitation series, the stochastic model was used applying the Markov chain from two states. The results indicated that for the Moreno Index, the quarterly level, compared to the half-yearly scale, showed a higher concentration of drought events. For the Standardized Precipitation Index, the main sequences of dry months were found in extreme intensity; the higher incidence of severe drought events coincided in 85% with periods of La Niña and the higher incidence of severe and intense drought events occurred from 1943 to 1952. As for the spatial distribution of the Standardized Precipitation Index, in the scales 6, 12 and 24 months, it adequately represented the results obtained in the sequences of dry periods.

Background Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a relatively rare hematological malignancy with a constant incidence of approximately 90 new cases each year in Sweden (0.9 cases/100 000 inhabitants). The etiology is largely unknown but high doses of ionizing radiation are a known but rare risk factor. The treatment options were for a long time limited to chemotherapies i.e. hydroxyurea and busulfan, interferon’s and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and the median survival were only about four years. Since the beginning of the 21st century a new way of treating CML has been introduced, the tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI), leading to a rapid decrease in leukemic cells and symptoms. Due to the TKIs, the overall 5-year survival is nowadays approximately 85 % and CML patients have time to develop other diseases, including other malignancies. The aims of this thesis was to investigate the present and future prevalence of CML and the prevalence of other malignancies prior and subsequent to the diagnosis of CML, malignancies among first-degree relatives of persons with CML. In addition, the incidence of autoimmune and chronic inflammatory diseases among patients with CML was also investigated.   Methods From the Swedish CML register, data over nearly all Swedish CML patients from 2002 and forward were obtained for paper II-IV. For paper I, the Swedish cancer register was used to identify all Swedish CML patients since 1970 and the Swedish cause of death register was used to identify an eventual date of death for these patients. With a constant incidence and the relative survival rates for CML patients between 2006 and 2012 as a model, the present and future prevalence was calculated. For paper II-IV, data from the Swedish cancer register was used to identify other malignancies than CML. For paper II, information about autoimmune and chronic inflammatory diseases was retrieved from the Swedish national patient register. For paper II and IV, five controls matched for year of birth, gender and county of residence were randomly selected from the Swedish register of the total population. To calculate odds ratio (OR), conditional logistic regression was used. To calculate the risk of a second malignancy for paper III, Standardized incidence ratio (SIR) was used. In paper IV, first-degree relatives (parents, siblings and offsprings) for both cases and controls were retrieved from the Swedish multi-Generation Register, where persons born later than 1932 and registered in Sweden at some time since 1961 are registered.   Results Prevalence and survival As shown in paper I, the 5-year overall survival for CML patients increased remarkably from 0.18 to 0.82 between 1970 and 2012. The prevalence increased from 3.9 to 11.9 per 100 000 inhabitants in Sweden between 1985 and 2012. By assuming no further improvements in relative survival as compared to the survival rates between 2006 and 2012, the prevalence by 2060 is expected to increase to 22.0 per 100 000 inhabitants. This corresponds to 2 587 CML patients as compared to 1 137 CML patients in 2012.   Malignancies, autoimmune and chronic inflammatory diseases prior to CML In study II, more than 45 000 person-years of follow-up were evaluated in 984 CML patients diagnosed between 2002 and 2012. With an OR of 1.47 (95 % CI 1.20–1.82) and 1.55 (95 % CI 1.21–1.98), respectively, the prevalence of prior malignancies and autoimmune diseases were significantly increased as compared to matched controls. On the other hand, no association between CML and chronic inflammatory diseases was shown.   Second malignancies In 868 CML patients, diagnosed between 2002 and 2011, 52 malignancies were observed in the Swedish cancer register, as shown in paper III. When compared to expected rates in the background population, a significantly increased risk of second malignancies with a SIR of 1.52 (95 % CI 1.13–1.99) was shown. When looking at specific cancer types, gastrointestinal as well as nose and throat cancer were significantly increased.   Familial aggregation of malignancies 984 CML patients were identified in paper IV. However, 184 had a birth date prior to 1932, subsequently only 800 patients were analyzed. Among them, 4 287 first-degree relatives were identified, compared to 20 930 first-degree relatives of the matched controls. 611 malignancies were retrieved; no significant increase of malignancies in first-degree relatives of CML patients was shown (OR 1.06; 95 % CI: 0.96–1.16).   Conclusion Since CML patients nowadays have a high survival rate, the calculations in this thesis shows that the prevalence of CML will almost double by 2060. CML patients have an increased risk of developing malignancies prior and subsequent to the diagnosis of CML, suggesting a hereditary or acquired predisposition to develop cancer. Since there is no familial aggregation of malignancies in CML patients, a hereditary predisposition to develop cancer is unlikely to be part of the pathogenesis of CML, leaving an acquired predisposition more likely.

There are numerous emerging companies creating interesting and often unique projects in the 21st century. These companies frequently operate in a new, rapidly changing sector. These companies may face an insufficient supply of standardized information software, capable of supporting the business. On the contrary, an individual application software (made from scratch) might not be an option for the companies due to lack of finance to fund its development. Moreover, such SW may not be suitable for companies, especially in a situation when the company starts business activities in a new field, where all the business processes, hence the software requirements, emerge after many test runs and trials. In theory, this thesis focuses on possible solutions to this problem and in practice examines one specific software solution using an example of a property management company Property Rentier s.r.o. (hereinafter PR) which offers complex management services for recreational homes and short-term rental properties, especially using an Airbnb platform. PR has currently been confronted with a decision to make, whether or not to restructure its software solution and its architecture or keep its own and merely keep expanding it. The main goal of this thesis is to analyze and summarize the current processes of the selected company, describe how it is being supported by IT/ICT and, based on these findings, evaluate and recommend further measures regarding restructuring of the companys IT systems. The thesis output is meant for the PR company as well as for any start-up companies as a supportive material which should help ease its struggle making decisions about software development or its purchase.

Des troubles moteurs ont été décrits dans les Troubles du Spectre Autistiques (TSA), toutefois tous les enfants atteints de TSA ne montrent pas de diminution des performances motrices. La nature et l'origine des perturbations motrices dans les TSA ne sont pas claires. Les processus neuro-développementaux, en lien avec la maturation du système nerveux central, sont peu explorés dans les TSA, or ces processus sous-tendent les performances motrices. Peu d'études portent sur l'analyse fine de la sémiologie des fonctions neuro-psychomotrices dans les TSA et l'existence d'une trajectoire neuro-développementale de ces fonctions n'est pas connue chez les enfants avec TSA. L'objectif de cette étude est de mettre en évidence la sémiologie des troubles psychomoteurs auprès d'enfants avec TSA, à l'aide d'une batterie standardisée Française d'évaluation développementale des fonctions neuro-psychomotrices de l'enfant (NP-MOT) (Vaivre-Douret, 2006). L'évaluation neuro-psychomotrice complète les évaluations de premières instances (psychiatrique; psychologique; compréhension; psychomotrice). L'identification d'un profil clinique neuro-psychomoteur, l'identification de troubles ou décalages par rapport à une norme de référence, la mise en évidence de fonctions cérébrales éventuellement touchées dans les TSA devraient permettre de mieux comprendre l'origine et la nature des troubles observés dans les TSA. Les résultats de plus en plus nombreux concernant la motricité chez ces enfants doivent pouvoir également être analysés au regard des évaluations cognitives et neuro-cognitives, afin d'affiner le profil de développement et permettre ainsi de mieux comprendre la nature des troubles autistiques parmi une comorbidité d'éventuels autres dysfonctionnements. / Motor disorders have been described in the Autistic Spectrum Disorders (ASD), however all children with ASD show no decrease in motor performances. The nature and origin of motor disturbances in ASD are unclear. Neurodevelopmental processes linked to the maturation of the central nervous system, are not really explored in ASD, but these processes underlie motor performances. Few studies trat of an acute semiology of motor abnormalities in ASD and the existence of a neuro-developmental trajectory of neuro-psychomotor functions is not known in children with ASD. The aim of this study is to highlight the semiology of psychomotor disorders among children with ASD, using a French standardized neurodevelopmental assessment tool (NP-MOT) (Vaivre-Douret, 2006). Evaluations of the first instances (psychiatric; psychological; understanding; psychomotor) were supplemented by a standardized assessment battery of neuro-developmental psychomotor functions (NP-MOT). The identification of a neuro-psychomotor clinical profile, identification of problems or discrepancies compared to a standard reference, the identification of potentially affected brain functions in ASD should provide a better understanding of the origin and nature the observed disorders in ASD. The results, more and more numerous concerning motor skills in these children, should be able to be analyzed in light of cognitive or neuro-cognitive assessments and should allow to refine the profile of development and thereby enable a better understanding of the nature of autism among a comorbidity other possible malfunctions.

The purpose of this study was to investigate special education outcomes in relation to state standardized testing. It specifically sought to determine if a relationship existed between selected data from the Texas Academic Excellence Indicator System (AEIS) comparing district students receiving special education services TAAS scores with selected district demographic, fiscal, and special education data. The population for this study consisted of all 2001-2002 grades 3-8 and 10 public school students with the exception of charter schools, special-purpose statutory districts, and state-administered districts. The reading analysis incorporated data from 896 Texas school districts. The mathematics analysis used data from 914 school districts. Multiple linear hierarchical regression was chosen as the method for statistical analysis. Data was obtained from the Texas Education Agency (TEA) as a special data pull. For both the reading and mathematics analyses, wealth and ethnicity were statistically insignificant although ethnicity individually accounted for a large percentage of the variance for both the reading (20.3%) and mathematics (13.2%) scores as well as producing negative β weights. All other predictor variables produced varying degrees of statistical significance. Community type, socioeconomic status, instructional expenditures per students, and instructional expenditures per student receiving special education services also produced negative β weights. Two variables in this study, enrollment and the percentage of students receiving special education services tested, produced positive β weights, substantial squared structure coefficients, and positive Pearson correlation coefficients. Of these two predictors, the strongest overall positive predictor for students receiving special education services success on the grades 3-8 and 10 reading and mathematics TAAS exams was the percentage of students receiving special education services tested. These percentages produced the largest positive correlations with passing rates (reading r = .283, mathematics r = .219) and the second largest regression coefficients (reading β = .224, mathematics β = .202). They individually accounted for the largest percentage of total criterion variance (reading = 33.0%, mathematics = 22.6%). For this study, these results clearly suggested that the dominant positive predictor of testing success for students receiving special education services was the percentage of students receiving special education services tested. Conversely, socioeconomic status was the dominant negative predictor.

Como a quantidade e a complexidade de informações disponíveis sobre incidentes de segurança é crescente, as tarefas de manipular e gerenciar essas informações tornaram-se bastante custosas. Diversas ferramentas de gerenciamento de segurança estão disponíveis para auxiliar os administradores. Essas ferramentas podem monitorar tudo que entra e saí de uma intranet, como os firewalls; podem monitorar o tráfego interno da rede para saber o que está acontecendo e detectar possíveis ataques, como os sistemas de detecção de intrusão (SDIs); podem varrer arquivos em busca de códigos maliciosos, como os antivírus; podem criar filtros de emails para evitar spams, vírus ou worms; ou podem varrer uma rede em busca de vulnerabilidades nos sistemas, como os scanners e os agentes móveis inteligentes. Essas ferramentas geram uma grande quantidade de logs com informações que são coletadas e armazenadas em formatos próprios e diferentes. Essa falta de um formato único para armazenar as informações de incidentes de segurança, faz com que o trabalho dos administradores fique ainda mais difí?cil, pois eles/elas devem ser capazes de entender todos esses formatos para identificar e correlacionar informações quando, por exemplo, há um ataque ou uma invasãoo em andamento. Esta tese descreve o projeto e o desenvolvimento de ontologias para representar em uma estrutura padronizada informações sobre incidentes de segurança. A ontologia desenvolvida é denominada OntoSec - Security Incident Ontology. Este trabalho cobre: (i) como utilizar ontologias para compartilhar e reusar informações sobre incidentes; (ii) como correlacionar incidentes por meio de ontologias; (iii) como facilitar a interoperabilidade entre diferentes ferramentas de segurança; (iv) a modelagem de um sistema de gerenciamento de incidentes com base na ontologia; e (v) o processo de avaliação da ontologia desenvolvida. Além disso, a OntoSec pretende apoiar as decisões gerenciais realizadas pelos administradores quando problemas de segurança acontecem, possibilitando que essas decisões sejam tomadas de maneira mais eficiente e eficaz / As the amount and the complexity of security incidents information have grown exponentially, managing and manipulating these information have become more expensive. Several security tools can be used to assist the administrators in performing these tasks. These tools can monitor what comes from Internet and goes to it, as the firewalls do; they can monitor the intranet traffic, as usually is done by an Intrusion Detection System (IDS); they can search for malicious codes in files or emails, as made by the antivirus; they can create filters to process spams, viruses or worms; or they can scan the intranet for vulnerabilities, as the scanners and the intelligent agents. These tools collect and store a great amount of information, using different formats. This lack of unique commonly agreed formats to store information about security incidents, make the administrators? job even harder, because they have to be able to understand all these formats to identify and to correlate information when, for instance, there is an attack or an invasion in progress. In this thesis I describe the design and development of ontologies to represent in a standard structure information about security incidents. The ontology developed is named OntoSec - Security Incident Ontology. This work covers: (i) how to use ontologies to share and reuse information about incidents; (ii) how to make it easier to correlate incidents; (iii) how to make it possible the interoperability amongs security tools; (iv) modeling of a security incident management system based on OntoSec; and (v) evaluation process of the ontology that has been developed. Besides that, the OntoSec aims to support the decisions made by the administrators when security problems happen, making the process more efficient and effective

Esta tese avalia o impacto do treinamento no desempenho individual, durante a abordagem, analisando a capacidade de um grupo de policiais militares seguir procedimentos operacionais padrão (POP), após o treinamento. Em 2002, a Polícia Militar do Estado de São Paulo criou o SISUPA Sistema de Supervisão e Padronização uma política que padroniza procedimentos operacionais e sistematiza a supervisão e treinamento dos policiais de rua. Desempenhar as tarefas cotidianas de maneira coerente com os procedimentos padronizados pode diminuir tanto o grau de exposição ao risco do policial, como a possibilidade de prática abusiva. Em pesquisa realizada anteriormente constatamos a tendência do policial não seguir os POP de abordagem (PINC, 2007a). Entendemos que esse resultado estava relacionado a ausência de treinamento. Neste sentido, a hipótese central desta pesquisa sustenta que o treinamento aproxima o comportamento individual do policial, durante as abordagens, do padrão estabelecido pela polícia. Para testar esta hipótese realizamos um quase experimento com dois grupos não-equivalentes. Os grupos foram observados por meio da técnica da observação social sistemática (OSS), que registrou as imagens do desempenho dos policiais realizando abordagens sem que soubessem que estavam sendo observados. Como instrumento de avaliação do desempenho, usamos um questionário para buscar identificar a presença de quatorze procedimentos padronizados, em cada uma das 199 abordagens selecionadas na amostra. O treinamento de 60 horas foi aplicado a apenas um dos grupos, entre a primeira e a segunda etapa da OSS. A análise de regressão empregou o modelo estatístico do Difference-in-Difference. Os resultados indicam que o treinamento não atingiu o objetivo de mudar comportamento. Por fim, entendemos que esse resultado está relacionado, principalmente, à metodologia empregada no treinamento. / thesis evaluates the impact of the training on individual performance during the stop and search, analyzing the ability of a group of military police officer following standard procedures after training. In 2002, the Military Police of São Paulo State created a policy which standardized operational procedures (SOP) and a system of supervision and training. Performing daily tasks in a manner consistent with the standardized procedures can reduce both the degree of risk to the police officer and the possibility of abusive practice. Earlier research showed the tendency of the police officer not following the SOP (PINC, 2007a). I argue that the result was related to the absence of training. In this sense, the central hypothesis of this research establishes that training procedures might change police officers behavior by assuring the compliance with institutional standards. To test this hypothesis this study developed a quasi-experiment with two non-equivalent groups. The groups were observed by the systematic social observation (SSO) technique, which videotaped the performance of police officers during the stop and search without knowing they were being watched. The research used a questionnaire as instrument to identify the presence of fourteen standard procedures in each of the 199 stop and search selected in the sample. The 60 hours of training was applied to just one group, between the first and second stage of the SSO. Regression analysis used the statistical model of the Difference-in-Difference. The results indicate that training has not changed the police officers behavior. Finally, this result is mainly related to the methodology used in the training.

This study aims at exploring the quality of the Swedish and Norwegian national tests using their respective model texts for assessing. The study does so by relating them to the CEFR and the grading tool Write & Improve within the context of the two countries and the field of language testing. The study finds there to be a set of inconsistences between what the national tests want to do and what they actually do. In particular, the study finds the Swedish national test not to be up to its own standards.