A new starting profile, instead of ANSI C82.11, is defined to illustrate the starting transient of rapid-start fluorescent lamps driven by high-frequency electronic ballasts. By scrutinizing the lamp voltage and current waveforms, the starting transient can be classified into preheating, glow, and glow-to-arc stages. By the new definition, the starting characteristics of all ballast-lamp circuits can be well interpreted. To investigate the starting performance, a test system is set up. Experimental results show that the time required for glow and glow-to-arc stage is significantly affected by the starting voltage, the filament preheating and the environment temperature. On the basis of the in-depth analysis on the investigated results, the starting characteristics of rapid-start fluorescent lamps are well understood, providing useful information for designing the starting scenario for the ballast.

Thesis aims to identify opportunities on market goods and services. Based on the identified gaps in the market to propose the way of possible business, good for the area.

No description available.

<p> An implicit finite difference technique has been developed for the solution of the steady two dimensional boundary layer equations. </p> <p> The numerical method is free of stability limitations and similarity assumptions. Use has been made of Wu-type starting profiles which enable one to start the calculation from the leading edge. </p> <p> Attractive features of the technique are its simplicity, flexibility and applicability to a wide range of boundary layer problems. In addition, results obtained from several case studies indicate that the numerical procedure is both accurate and fast. </p> / Thesis / Master of Engineering (MEngr)

Tyrimo objektas. Startinio penketo ir juos keičiančių žaidėjų varžybinės veiklos rodikliai. Tyrimo tikslas. Nustatyti ir įvertinti žaidimo rodiklių skirtumus tarp rungtynes pradedančių ir juos keičiančių žaidėjų Europos vyrų krepšinio čempionate. Tyrimo uždaviniai: 1. Nustatyti ir įvertinti Europos vyrų krepšinio čempionato startinio penketo žaidėjų varžybinės veiklos rodiklius; 2. Nustatyti ir įvertinti Europos vyrų krepšinio čempionato atsarginių žaidėjų varžybinės veiklos rodiklius; 3. Palyginti Lietuvos vyrų krepšinio rinktinės startinio penketo ir atsarginių žaidėjų žaidimo rodiklių skirtumus laimėtose ir pralaimėtose rungtynėse. Tyrimo rezultatai. 2011 m. Lietuvoje vykusio Europos vyrų krepšinio čempionato metu, Lietuvos rinktinės rungtynes pradedantys krepšininkai vidutiniškai pelnė po 45,3 ± 6,2 taško per rungtynes, tai sudarė 55,4 % rungtynėse pelnomų taškų. Krepšininkai vidutiniškai metė po 26,3 ± 7,6 metimus iš artimo ir vidutinio nuotolio, tai sudarė 58,4 % visų komandos atliktų metimų iš artimo ir vidutinio nuotolio, iš jų vidutiniškai pataikė po 14,4 ± 3,0 metimus t.y. 60,0 % visų komandos pataikytų metimų iš artimo ir vidutinio nuotolio. Išvados. Lietuvos vyrų krepšinio rinktinės starto penketo žaidėjai pelno statistiškai reikšmingai mažiau taškų, nei Ispanijos vyrų krepšinio rinktinės starto penketo žaidėjai (p < 0,05), tačiau Lietuvos rinktinės starto penketo žaidėjus keičiantys žaidėjai pelno statistiškai reikšmingai daugiau taškų už Ispanijos rinktinės ne... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Object of the research. Starting five and changing player’s game related statistic. The aim of research: to identify and assess game related statistic differences between starting five players and substitution players in the European Men’s Basketball Championship. Tasks of the research: 1. To identify and assess European Men’s Basketball Championship starting five player’s game related statistic. 2. To identify and assess European Men’s Basketball Championship non-starting players game related statistic. 3. Compare Lithuanian men's basketball team starting five players and non-starting players game related statistic differences between won and lost games. Results. European men's basketball championship in 2011, which was held in Lithuania, the Lithuanian national team starting five players scored an average of 45,3 ± 6,2 points per game, which accounted for 55,4% of all points scored in game. Players made an average of 26,3 ± 7,6 shots from close and medium range, which accounted for 58,4% of all team made shots from close and mid-range, of the average hit after 14,4 ± 3,0 throws i.e., 60,0% of all team hit shots from close and medium range. Conclusions. Lithuanian men's basketball team starting lineup of five players profit significantly fewer points than the Spanish men's basketball team starting lineup of five players (p < 0,05), but the Lithuanian national team non-starting players profits significantly higher score for the Spanish national team at the non-starting... [to full text]

Nowadays, three-phase induction motors are widely used on industrial and other types of processes. Therefore, accurate knowledge of an induction motor performance is very essential to have an idea of its operation conditions. This study is a sequel of a previous one, where Direct and Soft starting methods of three-phase motors has been simulated and compared. As in the previous study, the theory behind this one is based on representing the real motor by aset of equations and values in Matlab, forming a corresponding idealistic motor in a way where all the physical effects are similar. The motor is started under three different frequencies in the VVVF method using supporting simulation of the current, torque, speed,efficiency and power factor curves. The results of the three starting methods are then discussed and compared. / Numera är tre-fas asynkronmotorer i stor utsträckning på industriella och andra typer av processer. Därför är det mycket viktigt att ha exakt kunskap om en induktionsmotorprestanda för att ha en uppfattning om dess driftsförhållanden . Denna studie är en fortsättning av en tidigare, där direkt och mjukstart metoder för trefasmotorer har simulerats och jämförts. Såsom i den tidigare studien, är teorin bakom denna en baserat på representerar den verkligamotorn av en uppsättning ekvationer och värden i Matlab, som bildar en motsvarande ideell motor på ett sätt där alla de fysiska effekterna är likartade . Motorn startas under tre olika frekvenser i VVVF metod med stöd simulering av ström, vridmoment, hastighet, effektivitetoch effektfaktorn kurvor. Därefter, resultaten av de tre startmetoder diskuteras och jämföras. / في الوقت الحالي تستخدم المحركات التحريضية ثلاثية الطور بشكل واسع في التطبيقات الصناعية و غيرها. و لهذا فإن المعرفة الدقيقة بأداء المحرك التحريضي أساسية لإعطاء فكرة عن ظروف تشغيله. إن هذه الدراسة هي تتمة لدراسة سابقة حيث تمت محاكاة و مقارنة طريقتي الإقلاع المباشر و الناعم للمحرك التحريضي ثلاثي الطور. كما في الدراسة السابقة, فإن هذه الدراسة مبنية على تمثيل المحرك الحقيقي بمجموعة من المعادلات و القيم الاسمية في برنامج ماتلاب لتكوين محرك مثالي مطابق, بحيث تكون جميع الآثار الفيزيائية مماثلة للمحرك الحقيقي. يتم إقلاع المحرك عند ثلاث ترددات مختلفة بطريقة تغيير التردد و التوتر و يتم محاكاة هذا الإقلاع عبر منحنيات التيار، العزم، السرعة، المردود و عامل الاستطاعة ثم تقارن نتائج طرق الإقلاع الثلاثة.

<p>This thesis presents a study of the effects of inter-bar currents on inductionmotor starting performance and stray-load losses. The work is focused on theperformance differences between aluminium and copper casted rotors.A method to predict the stator current when starting direct-on-line isdeveloped. This includes modelling of skin-effect, saturation of the leakageflux paths and additional iron losses. The results are verified by measurements.An analytical model accounting for inter-bar currents is derived, andthe dependency of the harmonic rotor currents on the inter-bar resistivity isinvestigated. It is found that the inter-bar currents can have considerableeffect on motor starting performance and stray-load losses, the amount beingstrongly dependent on the harmonic content of the primary MMF.Based on measurements of inter-bar resistivity, the starting performanceof an aluminium and a copper casted rotor is simulated. The results indicatea higher pull-out torque of the aluminium rotor than for the equivalent copperrotor. This is rather due to an increase of the fundamental starting torque ofthe aluminium rotor, than due to braking torques from the space harmonicsin the copper rotor. The results are verified by measurements. It is foundthat the difference between the pull-out torques is even larger than calculatedfrom the model. Thereby, it can be concluded that the inter-bar currents havea considerable effect on motor starting performance.At rated speed the braking torques are larger in the aluminium rotor thanin the copper rotor. This is seen as increased harmonic joule losses in the rotorcage. Simulations have shown, that these losses can be as large as 1% ofthe output power for the studied machine.</p> / QC20100617

Studien analyserar effekterna av inträdesregleringar på svenska industriers produktivitetstillväxt och om det föreligger någon skillnad i effekten mellan tillverkningsindustrin jämfört med övriga industrier. Variablerna för inträdesregleringar, hämtade från Doing Business av World Bank Group, är kostnaden för att starta upp ett företag samt det inbetalda minimikapitalet som krävs av en entreprenör för att starta upp ett företag. Syftet besvaras ekonometriskt där data från Statistiska centralbyrån och World Bank Group under tidsperioden 2004-2013 struktureras som paneldata. Totalt inkluderar studien data från 154 industrier. Resultatet visar att inträdesregleringar har en positiv effekt på förädlingsvärdestillväxten hos de svenska industrierna. Den positiva effekten av variabeln kostnad på förädlingsvärdestillväxten är större hos tillverkningsindustrin jämfört med hos övrig industri. Däremot finns det ingen signifikant skillnad i effekten av inbetalt minimikapital på förädlingsvärdestillväxten mellan tillverkningsindustrin och övrig industri. Resultatet är i medhåll med public choice teorin samt Bains teori kring inträdesregleringar, där hårdare, mer kostsamma regleringar leder till en ökad produktivitetstillväxt. / This study analyzes the effects of entry regulations on industries’ productivity growth in Sweden, measured as value added growth, and if there exists some differences in the effect between manufacturing industries compared to other industries. Two regulatory variables are used in this study, the cost to start up a business and the paid-in minimum capital required for an entrepreneur to start up a business, both from World Bank Group’s Doing Business. The study is an econometric study of Swedish industries during the time period 2004-2013. Data is structured as a panel data taken from the Statistics Sweden and World Bank Group. The result shows a positive effect of entry regulations on the value added growth in Swedish industries. The positive effect of the cost variable on value added growth is greater in the manufacturing industry compared to other industries. There is no significant difference in the effect of paid-in minimum capital on the value added growth between the manufacturing industry and other industries. The results are consistent with the public choice theory and Bain’s theory of entry regulations, where more strict regulations such as higher entry costs lead to an increase in productivity.

This thesis presents a study of the effects of inter-bar currents on inductionmotor starting performance and stray-load losses. The work is focused on theperformance differences between aluminium and copper casted rotors.A method to predict the stator current when starting direct-on-line isdeveloped. This includes modelling of skin-effect, saturation of the leakageflux paths and additional iron losses. The results are verified by measurements.An analytical model accounting for inter-bar currents is derived, andthe dependency of the harmonic rotor currents on the inter-bar resistivity isinvestigated. It is found that the inter-bar currents can have considerableeffect on motor starting performance and stray-load losses, the amount beingstrongly dependent on the harmonic content of the primary MMF.Based on measurements of inter-bar resistivity, the starting performanceof an aluminium and a copper casted rotor is simulated. The results indicatea higher pull-out torque of the aluminium rotor than for the equivalent copperrotor. This is rather due to an increase of the fundamental starting torque ofthe aluminium rotor, than due to braking torques from the space harmonicsin the copper rotor. The results are verified by measurements. It is foundthat the difference between the pull-out torques is even larger than calculatedfrom the model. Thereby, it can be concluded that the inter-bar currents havea considerable effect on motor starting performance.At rated speed the braking torques are larger in the aluminium rotor thanin the copper rotor. This is seen as increased harmonic joule losses in the rotorcage. Simulations have shown, that these losses can be as large as 1% ofthe output power for the studied machine. / QC20100617

6 pp. / Originally published: 2006 / This publication is an introduction for individuals interested in starting their own business specializing in wholesale nursery production. The bulletin provides an overview of different types of nursery production, common production types in the Southwestern United States, starting the business, economic considerations, and a resource section.