El presente trabajo busca demostrar que los actores que existen entorno a las startups impulsan su desarrollo, ofreciendo herramientas para su adecuada gestación y maduración. Para ello, se analizarán los siguientes actores que identificamos como principales en el proceso emprendedor peruano: políticas y regulaciones, el sistema educativo, plataforma CTI, financiamiento y el capital humano emprendedor. El abordaje académico y práctico a las startups en Perú es relativamente nuevo comparado con otros países de la región y del mundo. Sin embargo, dada la tendencia mundial y tecnológica existe un incremento significativo en la aparición y desarrollo de esta alternativa de negocio, que responde a su creciente demanda, por lo cual es importante conocer si las instituciones tanto privadas como públicas están preparadas para brindar soporte a este nuevo modelo empresarial, empezando por el capital humano emprendedor, que es el eje más importante para el desarrollo de nuevas startups, por la innovación y el trabajo técnico que aporta cumpliendo las demandas del mercado. Otros factores importantes en el ecosistema son educación y gobierno, donde veremos que las medidas empleadas para la formalización y desarrollo de estas empresas se encuentran en una fase inicial, pero con altas miras a crecer, formando parte del plan de desarrollo productivo peruano hacia 2021. En cuanto a financiamiento existe un especial interés en las universidades para fortalecer startups, a través de sus incubadoras y aceleradoras, en pos de reconocimiento institucional, beneficiando al emprendedor universitario y formando las bases en la educación del emprendimiento. / The present work seeks to evidence that the actors that exist around the startups drive their development, offering tools for the adequate gestation and maturation. For this purpose, we will analyze the actors identified as main in the Peruvian entrepreneurial process as main in the Peruvian entrepreneur process: policies and regulations, the education system, the CTI platform, financing and entrepreneurial human capital. The academic and practical approach to startups in Peru is relatively new compared to other countries in the region and the world. Nevertheless, given the global and technological trend there is a significant increase in the appearance and development of this business alternative, which responds to a growing request, which is why it is important. This new business model, starting with the human entrepreneurial capital, which is the most important axis for the development of new startups, for the innovation and technical work that it brings Meeting the demands of the market. Other important factors in the ecosystem of education and government, where the measures adopted for the formalization and development of these enterprises are in an initial phase, but with a view to a growth, forming part of the productive development plan by 2021. In terms of financing, there is a special interest in universities to strengthen initiatives, through their incubators and accelerators, in their institutional recognition, benefiting the university entrepreneur and forming the bases in entrepreneurship education. / Trabajo de Suficiencia Profesional

El presente trabajo de investigación tiene como objetivo principal la investigación, validación de nuestro modelo de negocio, para luego ser implementado en el mercado real del Perú. Dicha aplicación está basada en nuestro Business Model Canvas y las estrategias aplicadas en alianzas, recursos claves, actividades clave, canales de llegada, costos, entre otros. Barber & Beauty es una aplicación para smartphones, la cual sirve para hacer reservas en los distintos salones de belleza y barberías que se afilien a nuestra plataforma desde la comodidad de tu celular. Esta app está dirigida hacia jóvenes (hombres y mujeres) de 18 a 35 años de los niveles socioeconómicos A, B y C de la ciudad de Lima. Para pode llegar a nuestros clientes se utilizaron los canales electrónicos como Facebook, Instagram y pagina web. En base a dichos canales se elaboraron estrategias y experimentos para poder llegar a nuestros clientes y hacer nuestra validación de descargas y ventas de nuestra aplicación. Para el análisis de factibilidad de nuestro proyecto se realizaron encuestas a los usuarios (clientes) que utilizarían la plataforma, también se desarrollaron entrevistas a expertos (dueños de salones/barberías) para validar si estarían dispuestos a entrar a nuestra plataforma. A través de dichos experimentos se pudo confirmar que nuestro público objetivo anteriormente mencionado, si estaría dispuesto a descargar y utilizar nuestra aplicación Barber & Beauty. Por otro lado, nuestro otro segmente de clientes salones y barberías, también mostraron gran interés en formar parte de nuestra plataforma. Por lo que podemos concluir, que nuestra idea de negocio es rentable y tiene altos niveles de escalabilidad. / The main objective of this research work is research, validation of our business model, and then the implementation of the project into the Peruvian market. This application is based on our Business Model Canvas and the strategies applied in alliances, key resources, key activities, channels, costs, among others. Barber & Beauty is an application for smartphones, which is used to make reservations in the different beauty salons and barber shops that join our platform from the comfort of your cell phone. This app is aimed at users (men and women) between 18 and 35 years of age from socioeconomic levels A, B and C from the city of Lima. In order to reach our clients, electronic channels such as Facebook, Instagram and website were used. Based on these channels, strategies and experiments were developed to reach our customers and validate the number of downloads and sales of our application. For the viability analysis of our project, surveys were carried out with users (clients) who would use the platform, and interviews to experts (salon/barber shops owners) were also carried out to validate whether they would be willing to enter our platform. Through these experiments, it was possible to confirm that our previously mentioned target audience would be willing to download and use our Barber & Beauty application. On the other hand, our other segment of client’s salons and barbershops, also showed great interest in being part of our platform. From what we can conclude, that our business idea is profitable and has high levels of scalability. / Trabajo de investigación

1 Legal aspects of startup financing and venture capital investments Abstract The aim of this diploma thesis is to analyze the legal aspects of startup financing, especially with a focus on venture capital investments. As the transaction documentation related to venture capital investments usually contains a significant number of foreign language clauses and provisions, a part of my thesis is dedicated to these clauses and their detailed description using practical examples. The content itself is divided into three parts. The first of them generally defines the companies referred to as startups and their individual development stages. It also answers the question, startups are facing in their beginnings, of choosing the appropriate legal form. The conclusion of the first part is then focused practically on individual methods used for startup valuation. The second part is then focused on the venture capital investment realization and specific transaction documentation associated with capital investment. The beginning of the second part is focused on pre-contractual documentation referred to as the Term Sheet and legal Due Diligence. Subsequently, the Shareholders' Agreement and individual foreign language clauses and provisions are analyzed. Those provisions are part of the Shareholders' Agreement in order...

The subject of my diploma thesis is creating the entrepreneurial plan of a selected company. The thesis is divided into theoretical, analytical and practical part. The theoretical section contains of the definition of entrepreneurial plan, enterprise, entrepreneurship and juridical form of enterprise. The entrepreneurial plan for company is conducted in the practical part. The aim of this work is establishing selected company.

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Magíster en Gestión y Dirección de Empresas / Este proyecto de tesis presenta la evaluación de un modelo de negocio y sus respectivos ámbitos, para valorar la viabilidad de una empresa innovadora de productos alimenticios en base de vegetales marinos. La iniciativa se origina tras la identificación de la necesidad de falta de productos alimenticios innovadores en base a vegetales marinos, que aportan nutrientes al cuerpo humano, debido a la tendencia de consumir productos con menores índices de contaminantes. La elaboración del modelo de negocio, utilizada en este proyecto, implica el desafío de aplicar una metodología poco utilizada en el mercado tradicional como lo es la Metodología Lean Startup , la que consiste en la formulación de una idea a través de la creación, medición y aprendizaje utilizando el método científico, permitiendo con ello generar un proceso iterativo que posibilita un aprendizaje validado en cada ciclo, proporcionando un know-how mayor en el modelo de negocios. En este contexto, se evidencia el bajo consumo de productos marinos en chile. Lo anterior de acuerdo con investigación de mercados realizada en el presente trabajo, instrumento aplicado en una encuesta online, donde se identificó que el 33% de los encuestados indica que nunca consume algas marinas y sólo el 1% indica que consume de forma diaria. Sin embargo, al ofrecer un conjunto de productos en base a vegetales marinos, se observa un cambio en la tendencia y se incrementa la frecuencia de intensión de consumo, ya que en caso de existir alternativas un 13,1% indica que consumiría en forma diaria y el 9,2% afirma que consumiría rara vez. En este proyecto se aplica el ciclo de Lean Startup para testear las hipótesis de desarrollo de cuatro productos, basados en algas como: Barras de Chocolate, Snack de frutos secos, mermelada y crema para untar con algas marinas, productos que fueron testeados, donde se logró establecer un aprendizaje validado, conforme a las mediciones, realizadas con la metodología de evaluación de productos. La evaluación del modelo de negocios y de la iniciativa de diseño de productos con algas marinas, corresponde a una iniciativa innovadora, que considera un avance en materia de desarrollo de este tipo de productos junto con incentivar el desarrollo social en las zonas costeras del país, donde se ha logrado establecer la existencia de una demanda de productos de este tipo, en este contexto, la evaluación del modelo de negocios es rentable y posibilita la existencia futura de soluciones y negocios focalizados en este tipo de productos para satisfacer la demanda de alimentos saludables en el país.

The high failure rates of new business ventures (NBV) negatively affect employment and potential contributions to the economic health of communities. The high NBV failure rate is essential, as NBV sustainability influences job creation and increases employment rates in communities surrounding the NBV. The purpose of this qualitative single case study, using the effectuation conceptual framework, was to explore strategies organization leaders in the state of Missouri used for sustaining NBV operations beyond 5 years. The sample consisted of 6 NBV consultants from a single Missouri NBV consulting firm who have sustained NBVs beyond 5 years. The 6 NBV consultants answered standardized open-ended questions via semistructured interviews. Documentation served as a second data collection source. Data analysis included Yin's 5-step process, a thematic analysis by coding interview text, reducing themes based on redundancies, and combining common themes. The data revealed mindset as a meta-strategy and included three subordinate themes of knowledge-based strategies, network strategies, and systems strategies. The findings from this study can benefit NBV consultants and managers to assess mindset strategies as a foundation for developing subordinate sustainability strategies. The implications for positive social change include the potential for generating tax revenues to strengthen communities and increase support of quality education, contributions to infrastructure and public service expansions, and collaborations for community partnerships.

This thesis is within the field of Competitive Intelligence. The thesis’s main purpose is to investigate how Swedish startups perceive Competitive Intelligence and how their perception influences how they are dealing with international competition in the domestic market. Even though Competitive Intelligence is not a new field, the existing literature over this topic is not very rich, especially regarding startups. In our work, through qualitative research based on eleven semi-structured interviews, with CEOs and founders of startups in Sweden, and a CEO of an Intelligence firm in Sweden, we argue that there are three approaches to Competitive Intelligence from Swedish startups. The competition-centric, the customer-centric and the market-centric approach. Furthermore, we propose that dealing with competition requires startups to establish an intelligence culture that involves everyone, as it enhances their alertness, contributes to the building of a competitive advantage, increases their sales efficiency and lastly using their “insidership” as it is proposed in the revised Uppsala Model, to gather information and deal with the competitors. Finally, from our findings we propose two new classifications in addition to Murphy’s five classifications of firms based on their engagement in Competitive Intelligence activities, “the Hesitant” and “The Arrogant”.

Most of the existing research regarding internationalization is focusing on larger and established firms. Therefore, this paper will contribute to research by solely focusing on young and small firms' internationalization. There is today much research on specific theories. Meanwhile, the internationalization process is complex by nature. Therefore, this paper focuses on integration between several aspects, which are Born Global, Network strategy, Resources-based view, and Digitalization. The Covid-19 pandemic changed the “status quo” regarding Born Globals’ additional way of doing foreign business, which includes changes regarding network, resources, and digitalization. Based on the knowledge gaps the research questions want to answer how the internationalization process of Swedish Born Globals has been affected during Covid-19, in addition to how networks, resources, and digitalization helped and shaped the internationalization journey during Covid-19.This study aims to better understand how young firms internationalize and achieve rapid growth from foreign markets in times of the Covid-19 pandemic, with lockdowns and other restrictions. The paper aims to contribute knowledge regarding challenges and solutions during the Covid-19 pandemic or other future crises. Potentially, firms can learn from this research to prepare them to better meet the future and other potential pandemics or crises. In addition, other more established firms can learn from young organizations that adapted and built their organizations in times of the Covid-19 pandemic.With the help of a deductive approach that uses existing theories as a basis for the interview guide with semi-structured questions, we have found that Swedish Born Globals have been able to successfully internationalize during Covid-19. Networks have been highly important and a shift toward digital meetings has become the new normal. The importance of adapting to digitalization is crucial as connecting with your network has to a large extent taken a digital form. We found that digitalization helps Born Globals to become more resource-efficient and that knowledge of the staff which was regarded as a key resource can be even more efficient when working remotely and communicating digitally. In general, the Born Globals in this study are positive towards change and adaptations, which is a mindset that means opportunities to achieve competitive advantage and rapid international growth in times of the Covid-19 pandemic and after as well.

In the last decades, research on technology and applications for improvementsof people’s wellbeing has been increasingly important. There is an extensive amount of research on internationalization of firms, while research on life science businesses, especially startups, in a Swedish context is lacking. As seen from previous literature on the life science industry, firms are dependent on networks and long R&D processes funded by financial actors. Therefore, the aim of this research was to explore how Swedish life science businesses operate in their early phases in order to internationalize. The theoretical framework used in this research is based on the relevance of identified theories in creating a proper business model, choosing the right internationalization strategies and entry modes to the foreign markets, in addition to acquiring the relevant networks. This research used an exploratory research approach to utilize previous literature in combination with case studies to explore further on the internationalization phenomenon in the context of the studied cases. Furthermore, an abductive approach was utilized in the research from the correlations between existing theories and gathered findings, resulting in modifications in the methodology and in existing theories. The study conducted semi-structured interviews with five different Swedish companies in the life science industry. The interviewees were all in high leading positions in the studied companies. The authors of the research conducted a thematic analysis of the data to identify common patterns and themes to guide the analysis. Findings of the research showcase that Swedish life science firms are dependent on creating unique and efficient products and services, targeting markets with suitable industry, research and regulatory landscape, and acquiring access to business, regulatory and scientific networks in order to internationalize early on. This research looks at the industry of life science from a Swedish startup firm context, resulting in contributions towards the internationalization processes of firms.