Žemė yra ribotas, pažeidžiamas ir niekuo nepakeičiamas gamtos išteklius, nuo kurio priklauso mūsų gyvenimas. Žemės naudojimo valstybine kontrole siekiama užtikrinti, kad valdant ir naudojant žemę būtų laikomasi Lietuvos Respublikos žemės įstatymo bei kitų įstatymų, kurie susiję su žemės naudojimo priežiūra. Siekiant užtikrinti tinkamą žemės naudojimą, susiduriama su įvairiais pažeidimais. Tyrimas atliktas siekiant nustatyti žemės naudojimo valstybinės kontrolės darbų organizavimo problemas, trukdančias pasiekti efektyvų kontrolės vykdymą. Tyrimo objektu pasirinktas žemės naudojimo valstybinės kontrolės vykdymas Alytaus ir Lazdijų rajonuose 2007–2009 m. Tyrimams panaudoti literatūros šaltinių analizės, alternatyvų paieškos, lyginamosios ir vertinamosios analizės ir loginio mąstymo metodai. Baigiamajame darbe išanalizuoti žemės naudojimą ir valstybinės kontrolės vykdymą reglamentuojantys teisės aktai, Nacionalinės žemės tarnybos prie Žemės ūkio ministerijos ir Alytaus bei Lazdijų rajonų kontrolės vykdymo veiklos ataskaitos. Išnagrinėjus teisės aktus, jų praktinį taikymą ir kontrolės vykdymo veiklos ataskaitas, nustatytos problemos, apibūdinti nustatyti pažeidimai – žemės naudojimo ne pagal nustatytą pagrindinę paskirtį (žemės ūkio paskirties žemės apleidimo), savavališko žemės užgrobimo, riboženklių sunaikinimo, derlingojo dirvožemio nesaugojimo, savavaldžiavimo atvejai. Pateikti duomenys apie kontrolės darbų apimtis 2007, 2008 ir 2009 metais. Nustatyta, kad žemės naudojimo... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / In order to determine whether the land is used rationally and purposefully, state control of land use is performed. By the state control of land use one strives to ensure that while managing and using land, the land law and other laws of the Republic of Lithuania related to land use care are obeyed. While trying to ensure the appropriate use of land, a lot of different offences can be met. The research was carried out in order to find out the problems of state control of land use which might be the obstacles of effective control implementation. During the research the object selected was the research of land use control procedures Alytus and Lazdijai district in 2007-2009 year. During the research the analysis of literature sources, alternative search, comparative and evaluation analyses and methods of logical thinking were used. In Master Work the use of land and legal acts that regulate state control implementation and control implementation work reports of National Land Service under the Ministry of Agriculture and Alytus, Lazdijai district were analyzed. Analyzing legal acts, their practical application and work reports of control implementation the problems were stated and also the stated offences were described, for example the inappropriate use of the land (negligent use of farming land), willful occupation of the land, the destruction of bound marks, careless attitude towards soil, the cases of self-will. The data given takes up the records of state control in 2007, 2... [to full text]

Žemės naudojimo tikrinimas atliekamas vykdant žemės naudojimo valstybinę kontrolę. Vykdant žemės naudojimo valstybinę kontrolę siekiama užtikrinti, kad žemė būtų naudojama nepažeidžiant Lietuvos Respublikos žemės įstatymo bei kitų įstatymų, susijusių su žemės naudojimo priežiūra, nustatytų reikalavimų. Bandant užtikrinti tinkamą žemės naudojimą susiduriama su įvairiomis problemomis. Tyrimas atliktas siekiant nustatyti problemas iškylančias vykdant žemės naudojimo valstybinę kontrolę Kauno apskrityje ir trukdančias efektyviam kontrolės vykdymui. Tyrimo objektu pasirinktas - žemės naudojimo kontrolės vykdymas Kauno apskrityje. Analizuotas žemės naudojimo valstybinės kontrolės vykdymas 2003 – 2006 m. Tyrimo metu išanalizuoti teisės aktai reglamentuojantys žemės naudojimą ir tvarkymą, taip pat reglamentuojantys valstybinės kontrolės vykdymą, Nacionalinės žemės tarnybos prie Žemės ūkio ministerijos ir Kauno apskrities viršininko administracijos Žemės tvarkymo departamento kontrolės vykdymo veiklos ataskaitos. Išanalizavus teisės aktus ir jų praktinį taikymą, taip pat žemės naudojimo valstybinės kontrolės vykdymo veiklos ataskaitas, nustatytos problemos kylančios vykdant žemės naudojimo valstybinę kontrolę Kauno apskrityje. Tyrimo metu panaudoti loginio mąstymo, literatūros šaltinių analizės, matematinės statistinės analizės, palyginimo ir ekspertinis metodai. Išsprendus tyrimo metu nustatytas problemas tikėtina, kad kontrolės vykdymas taptų rezultatyvesnis. / In order to assure state level control of land use, it is of key importance to assure land use without any breaches to the provisions of the law on Land of the Republic of Lithuania and other legislation related to supervision of land use. Attempts to assure proper use of land confront with various difficulties. The research has been made to determine the difficulties of state level control of land use in Kaunas County, which have significant impact on effective implementation of control procedures. The subject of research - state level control of land use in Kaunas County. The research analyzed land use control in 2003 – 2006 years. The research analyzed legislation governing execution of state level control of land use in addition to the reports on control procedures made by the National Land Service under the Ministry of Agriculture and Land Management Department of Kaunas County Governor’s Administration’s. Analysis of legislation and its practical application as well as reports on activities of state level control of land use revealed the problems arising in implementing state level control of land use in Kaunas County. Solving these problems is likely to make control procedures more effective.

The present work addresses the State and Social Policy and has as objective investigate how social policy can be considered a form of control of the social-metabolic capital through the activity of the state. To do so, based on the Marxian analysis of the ontological foundations of the state, conducting a study of the socio-historical emergence of the state and its social function as well as the development of the modern state - as the typical capitalism - form of state and its different forms of action, and how nature has to perform its social function. In this direction, performs an analysis on the order of reproduction of capital and the role of the state as a political command structure aimed at defending the interests of capital, complementing it so essential for the maintenance of order socio-metabolic. It also addresses the "social question" and its main dimensions to understand how they originate and develop social policies - as a form of state action in response to their expressions. So, doing a historical restoration of proto-forms of social policies, we seek to capture its ontological foundations, analyzing the process of consolidation during the period of monopolistic capitalism - its highest expression the "Welfare State" - and its social function in the system s social-metabolic capital. It also examines the nature of capital's structural crisis and its determinations, emphasizing those aspects that differentiate cyclical crises. Finally, it investigates the ways of coping with the structural crisis of capital by the state and more importantly, what the consequences of structural adjustment for social policy and the "State of Welfare." / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / O presente trabalho aborda o Estado e a Política Social e tem como objetivo investigar como a política social pode ser considerada uma das formas de controle do sistema sociometabólico do capital através da atuação do Estado. Para tanto, baseia-se na análise marxiana dos fundamentos ontológicos do Estado, realizando um estudo socio-histórico do surgimento do Estado e sua função social, bem como do desenvolvimento do Estado moderno como a forma de Estado tipicamente capitalista e suas diferentes formas de atuação, e como mantém sua natureza para realizar sua função social. Nessa direção, efetua uma análise sobre a ordem de reprodução do capital e o papel do Estado como uma estrutura de comando político direcionada a defender os interesses do capital, complementando-o de forma essencial na manutenção dessa ordem sociometabólica. Aborda ainda a questão social e as suas principais dimensões para entender como se originam e se desenvolvem as políticas sociais como uma forma de ação estatal em resposta às suas expressões. Assim, fazendo um resgate histórico das protoformas das políticas sociais, busca-se captar seus fundamentos ontológicos, analisando o processo de consolidação durante o período monopolista do capitalismo sendo sua expressão máxima o denominado Estado de Bem-Estar Social , e sua função social no sistema sociometabólico do capital. Analisa também a natureza da crise estrutural do capital e suas determinações, destacando quais os aspectos que a diferenciam das crises cíclicas. Por fim, investiga as formas de enfrentamento da crise estrutural do capital pelo Estado e, principalmente, quais as decorrências dos ajustes estruturais para a política social e o Estado de Bem-Estar Social .

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:34:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fabiano Silva dos Santos.pdf: 1406197 bytes, checksum: 82789068e6510aa77de9d8baceebd07a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-15 / Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie / This study aims to evaluate the State role in investment regulation of the private entities of complementary pension. The control of pension resource investment process has as propose maintain funds liquidity and ensure the future payment of pension contracted by the participants. The pension funds are overseen by National Superintendence of Complementary Pension (PREVIC) and should have enough internal controls and governance to avoid actuarial deficit in the benefit plans that manage, the corporate governance. The private pension system is managed by entities whose purpose is implant and execute the benefit plans, considering the investment policy the main bond of the negotiation process, it s in the policy that becomes stablished the guideline fallowed by everyone included in the investment. The main technical features and procedures commented above have relevant normative regulation, especially Complementary Law n. 109/2001, Resolution CMN n. 3.792/2009 e Resolution CGPC n. 13/2004. Moreover, will be analyzed different segments of investments, included fixed income, variable income, structured investments, real estate and operations with participants, in addition to your legal limitations. The State will act throughout the private pension system, regulating, coordinating and supervising activities, seeking, in this way, a balance between economic and social. / O presente estudo pretende analisar o papel do Estado na regulação dos investimentos das entidades fechadas de previdência complementar. O controle do processo de aplicação dos recursos previdenciários tem como finalidade preservar a liquidez e o pagamento do benefício futuro. Os fundos de pensão são fiscalizados pela Superintendência Nacional de Previdência Complementar (PREVIC) e devem possuir controles internos suficientes para evitar déficit atuarial nos planos de benefício que administram, a partir da governança corporativa. O regime de previdência privada é operado por entidades que têm por objetivo principal instituir e executar os planos de benefícios previdenciários, observando a política de investimentos enquanto linha condutora do processo negocial de investimento, uma vez que é nela que se registram as diretrizes observadas por todos aqueles que participam do processo decisório de investimento. As características e os procedimentos acima descritos possuem regulação normativa relevante, com destaque para a Lei Complementar nº 109/2001, a Resolução CMN nº 3.792/2009 e a Resolução CGPC nº 13/2004. Além disso, serão analisados, ainda, neste trabalho, os diferentes segmentos de investimentos, quais sejam: a renda fixa, a renda variável, as operações com participação, os investimentos imobiliários e os investimentos estruturados, bem como as limitações para suas alocações. O Estado irá atuar em todo o sistema de previdência complementar, disciplinando, coordenando e supervisionando as atividades, a fim de buscar o equilíbrio entre o econômico e o social.

Les bâtiments longtemps considérés comme des milieux clos protecteurs, font aujourd’hui l’objet d’avancées scientifiques démontrant leurs impacts climatiques, énergétiques et sanitaires. En tentant de réduire certains de ces impacts, le droit s’étoffe : des obligations juridiques sont créées. Or, l’appréhension juridique de la performance énergétique et de la qualité de l’air intérieur impacte la responsabilité des professionnels du bâtiment. Cette dernière s’inscrit dans plusieurs régimes de responsabilité en fonction de la qualité juridique de la personne qui va chercher à l’engager. Il peut s’agir autant de la puissance publique que du cocontractant des professionnels. Ainsi, la responsabilité des professionnels peut découler, de manière unique ou cumulative, de contrôles régaliens comme de la responsabilité civile, et plus particulièrement du droit des contrats. La présente thèse de doctorat vise à rechercher si les nombreux fondements et régimes de responsabilité permettent de sanctionner l’absence de respect des obligations et donc d’améliorer les qualités énergétiques et sanitaires des bâtiments / Buildings have long been considered closed-in self-protected environments. Today, however, numerous scientific innovations show how they affect climate, energy and health related issues. By trying to reduce their impact on these issues, the law is made more complex, new obligations are created. As it happens, the way the law takes into account energy efficiency and indoor air quality affects building professionals liability. This liability covers several levels of responsibility depending on the legal status of the individual looking to institute the proceedings, whether it be the public sphere or a professional cocontractant. Thus professional liablility may be a result, unique, successive, or cumulative, of state control as well as civil responsability, and more specifically of contract law. This doctoral thesis looks to determine whether the numerous foundations and levels of responsibility enable us to sanction unfulfilled obligations, thus improving buildings'energy and sanitary efficiency

Vessels during their calls on ports is possible to have an inspection from the local Port State Control (PSC) authorities regarding their implementation of International Maritime Organization guidelines for safety and security. This qualitative study focuses on how shipping professionals understand and use Big Data in the PSC inspection databases, what characteristics they recognize these data should have, what value they attach to those big data, and how they use them to support the decision-making process within their organizations. This study conducted interviews with shipping professionals, collected their perspectives, and analyzed their sayings with Thematic Analysis to reach the study's outcome. Many researchers have been discussed Big Data characteristics and the value an organization or a researcher could have from Big Data and Analytics. However, there is no universally accepted theory regarding Big Data characteristics and the value for the database users. The research concluded that Big Data from the PSC inspections procedures provides valid and helpful information that broadens professionals' understanding of inspection control and safety need, through this, it is possible to upscale their internal operations and their decision-making procedures as long as these data are characterized by volume, velocity, veracity, and complexity.

Activity of Ecclesiastical Secretaries at Šumperk region till 1968. The thesis comprises of activities of ecclesiastical secretaries in Šumperk district. The frame of the work covers period from year 1948 till 1968. After a breaf description of situation in Olomouc diocese after February 1948, the text follows territorial delimination of Šumperk district during fifties and sixties. Then it takes a closer look at influence of secretaries during specific years and from their reports to the senior authority it's trying to determine the most important events and problems of roman catholic church at that time. Special part belongs to religious teaching (connected with difficulties of joining this subject) and antireligious propaganda, therefore atheistic education. Further the text follows litigations of priests, that were unlawfully sentenced and imprisoned based on fabricated cases of communist regime. Even though these were local cases, that no one knew about past the district borders, it is worthwhile mentioning them as they substantially influenced lives of these priest. Last but not least the attention is brought to persons of ecclesiastical secretaries and priests, that had to try to get on under the pressure despite being on oposite sides of the barricade.

The poor quality of state controlled black education in South Africa in the past was mainly caused by low pupil per capita expenditure and poor teaching. This resulted in many problems. Because of past neglect, as well as the increase in number of children to be educated, black education must be revitalised. Government funding is not adequate, therefore, privatisation and semi-privatisation of education is a recommended solution. Community and business involvement is encouraged, and state control should be reduced. Short-term strategies have been fairly successfully implemented. With a view to proposing strategies for the upliftment of black education, the upgrading of teachers through improved INSET and PRESET Q!_Qfil_~mmes is considered a priority. Already implemented models, such as Promat, TOPS and the Molteno Project should be investigated. These programmes have been successful to varying degrees. Strategies have been proposed based on the above findings and guidelines for further research suggested. / Educational Studies / M. Ed. (Comparative Education)

Au sein des groupements de l’économie sociale, le rapport entre la personne morale et ses membres est un rapport particulier et unique. Cette spécificité tire sa force de l’esprit altruiste et éthique du secteur solidaire. Elle tire sa force aussi des principes humains et financiers qui règnent au sein de ce type de groupement. Par conséquent, on a pu affirmer que le principe phare qui influe le plus sur ce rapport reste celui de double qualité. Ce dernier permet d’associer le membre aux affaires sociales du groupement et de le faire, en plus, participer activement tout au long de son adhésion. Cependant, cette particularité du rapport est menacée par plusieurs facteurs, les uns sont d’ordre interne et liés aux règles de fonctionnement et aux problèmes récurrents du financement des dits groupements et les autres sont externes et plus attachés au libéralisme et la mondialisation des échanges et plus particulièrement la politique européenne axée sur lalibre concurrence au marché face à des sociétés de type capitaliste qui ne cessent d’attaquer les groupements de l’économie sociale pour les banaliser et les faire disparaitre / Within companies of social economy, the relationship between the corporation and its members is a special and unique one. This specificity derives its strength from the altruistic and ethical mind of the solidarity sector. It also draws its strength from human and financial principles that prevail in this kind of companies. Therefore, we could confirm that the guidingprinciple that most affects this relationship is that of a dual quality. This latter allows the association of the member to the social affairs of the company making it, in addition to that, actively participating throughout the process. However, this particular relationship is threatened by several factors. Some are internal and related to operating rules as well as the persistent problems in the financing of the abovementioned companies. The other factors are external and more linked to liberalism and to the globalization of trade and particularly the European policy based on free competition in the market versus capitalist societies that keep on attacking the companies of social economy for the sake of trivializing and getting rid of them

Le transport maritime est d'une importance stratégique pour l'économie de l'Union européenne. Chaque année, un milliard de tonnes de pétrole transitent par les ports et les eaux de l'UE et deux milliards de tonnes de marchandises sont chargées et déchargées dans ses ports. C'est pourquoi, depuis le naufrage de l'Amoco Cadiz et les conséquences désastreuses, tant pour l'environnement que pour l'économie qui en découlèrent, l'Union européenne ne cesse de développer et d'intensifier sa politique de sécurité maritime dans le but de mettre un terme à la navigation sous normes, essentiellement par une application effective des règles internationales en la matière. Depuis 1993, l'UE et ses États membres sont au premier plan afin d'améliorer la législation en matière de sécurité du transport maritime de marchandises et substances dangereuses pour éliminer les navires sous-normes, augmenter la protection des équipages, réduire le risque de pollution de l'environnement et veiller à ce que les opérateurs qui suivent les bonnes pratiques ne soient pas désavantagés commercialement par rapport à ceux qui sont prêts à prendre des raccourcis avec la sécurité des navires. Les accidents de l'Erika et du Prestige encouragèrent l'UE à réformer radicalement son régime juridique et à adopter de nouvelles règles et normes de prévention des accidents en mer, en particulier celles impliquant les pétroliers. Depuis plus de trente ans l'UE n'a cessé de renforcer et d'améliorer son arsenal législatif. Elle fit évoluer sa réglementation consécutivement aux divers accidents qui vinrent frapper ses côtes ; c'est pourquoi la sécurité du transport maritime sera toujours en évolution. / Maritime transport has strategic importance for the economy of the European Union. Each year, one billion tons of oil pass through the ports and waters of the EU. Two billion tons of goods are loaded and unloaded in its ports. Because of the disastrous consequences the sinking of Amoco Cadiz has had on the environment and economy, the European Union continues to develop and strengthen its policy on maritime safety in order to put an end to substandard shipping, primarily through the effective application of international rules. Since 1993, the European Union and its Member States are at the forefront improving legislation on the safety of maritime transport of dangerous goods and substances, striving to eliminate substandard ships, increase protection of the crew, reduce the risk of environmental pollution. The EU is insuring operators who are following the best practices, compared to those who are willing to take shortcuts with the safety of ships, are not commercially disadvantaged. Accidents of the Erika and Prestige encouraged the EU to radically reform its legal system and to adopt new rules and standards for the prevention of accidents at sea, particularly those involving tankers. For more than thirty years the European Union has not stopped to strengthen and to improve its legislation in order to better protect itself against the risks of pollution due to maritime transports of dangerous goods. It has updated its regulation consecutivly to several accidents which damaged its coasts ; that is why the safety of maritme transport will always be evolving.