In this diploma paper, I would like to explain and prove reasons of economic boom in selected countries in East Asia between 1965-1997. I focus on Asian Tigers namely on investment policy. I would like to answer the questions, what were the specifics of Asian Tigers, what contributed to economic growth the most, what implements were used within investment policy, how was this investment policy successful in individual countries and what role public sector (government) played. I focus on the role of human and physical capital, the role of foreign direct investment and I sum up their impact on economic growth in countries of Asian Tigers.

Au carrefour de la socio-histoire, de la sociologie du droit et de la sociologie des élites, la thèse revient sur la genèse d’un concept-clef de l’État républicain en France : le service public. Entre 1870 et 1940, cette idée, qui préexistait à la naissance du nouveau régime, est retravaillée par différents types d’acteurs dans un sens plus démocratique, tel un aggiornamento de la pensée d’État. Dans cette opération de mise à jour figurent en première place les milieux juridiques (hauts fonctionnaires du Conseil d’État et professeurs de droit), qui vont notamment se servir de la montée en puissance du contentieux administratif pour légitimer leur position par rapport aux civilistes et imposer une vision « d’en haut » du service public, compris comme un véritable savoir de gouvernement. En retraçant les différentes étapes par lesquelles s’est constitué un récit mythique des origines autour de l’arrêt Blanco du 8 février 1873, la thèse vise donc à faire l’histoire de la construction d’une profession, celle de publiciste ou d’administrativiste, en même temps que la genèse d’un champ, le champ du « public ». Au sein de ce champ gravitent des acteurs plus éloignés du champ juridique (ingénieurs de l’État, philanthropes, théoriciens du social de tous ordres, syndicalistes de la fonction publique), qui luttent soit pour ne pas se laisser imposer une conception entièrement étatisée de la générosité publique, soit pour faire entendre le point de vue des dominé-e-s de ce champ (petits et moyens fonctionnaires, instituteurs/trices). L’enquête met donc en valeur une distribution inégale et différenciée de l’intérêt pour le « public », visible dans la compréhension des revendications démocratiques de l’époque (droit de grève et syndicalisation dans la fonction publique, municipalisme, vote de l’impôt sur le revenu), que certains des acteurs essaient constamment de retraduire dans les catégories d’un droit qu’ils aiment à voir comme seul savoir légitime sur le monde social. In fine, ce travail de socio-histoire permet, par un effort pour penser avec la mentalité des contemporains de l’époque (i.e. sans raconter l’histoire par la fin et en faisant droit aux possibles non advenus), de comprendre la métamorphose du « souci de soi » de l’État à un âge démocratique, en décrivant le point de rencontre entre une main droite traditionnellement régalienne et masculine (symbolisée par les membres du Conseil d’État) et la main gauche de l’État social et protecteur.En termes de méthodologie et de cadrage théorique, la thèse repose sur une enquête prosopographique dont le corpus est constitué par les différents sous-groupes de porteurs de l’idée de service public entre 1870 et 1940 (n = 77, des hommes à une majorité plus qu’écrasante). Elle alterne récit et analyse des données quantitatives issues de l’enquête prosopographique, et combine ethnographie sur archives (pour le Conseil d’État), analyse de correspondances et analyse de contenu (arrêts de la justice administrative, commentaires doctrinaux et ouvrages « théoriques » sur le service public). Elle s’essaie à une association raisonnée de la théorie des champs et de la sociologie des professions. Enfin, les archives dépouillées sont, outre les dossiers de carrière de chaque prosopographié-e, celles du Conseil d’État, du Tribunal des conflits, des facultés de droit (principalement Paris, Bordeaux et Toulouse), de l’agrégation de droit et des syndicats (fédérations de fonctionnaires + CGT dans ses rapports avec l’État). / At the intersection of social history, the sociology of law and the sociology of elites, the thesis goes back to the origin of a key concept of the French Republican State: public service. Between 1870 and 1940, this idea, which preceded the new regime, is reshaped by different types of actors in a more democratic sense, as an aggiornamento of state-thought. The legal circles (senior officials of the Conseil d'État and law professors) took a prime position during this update. They notably made advantage of the rise in importance of administrative litigation to legitimate their position as opposed to civil law specialists and impose a vision "from above" of public service, understood as true science of administration. By retracing the sequence of events that made a myth from the Blanco case of 8 February 1873, the thesis aims to give an account of the construction of a profession, that of a lawyer specialising in public law or in administrative law, at the same time as the creation of a “public” field. Actors distant from the legal field (state engineers, philanthropists, social theorists of all kinds, civil service trade unionists) gravitate to this field, struggling either not to let the State's conception of generosity to the public be imposed on them, or to get the point of view of those dominated in this field (lower and middle bureaucrats, primary school teachers) across. The enquiry therefore highlights the unequal and differentiated distribution of interest for the "public", visible in the understanding of the democratic claims of the time (the right to strike and unionise in the civil service, municipalism, the Act of Parliament on income tax), that certain actors consistently tried to translate into categories of law regarded favourably as the only right approach to the social world. Finally, in an effort to think within the contemporaries of the time’s mindset (i.e. without reading history backwards and by taking virtual history into consideration), this socio-historical work enables the understanding of the transformation of the "self-concern" of the State in a democratic age, by describing the encounter between a traditional, sovereign and masculine right hand (epitomised by the members of the Conseil d'État) and the left hand of the protective and social State.In terms of methodology and theoretical framework, the thesis is based on a prosopographical enquiry, the corpus of which is made from the different subgroups of exponents of the idea of public service between 1870 and 1940 (n = 77, the overwhelming majority are men). It alternates between an account and an analysis of the quantitative data drawn from the prosopographical enquiry, and combines archival ethnography (for the Conseil d'État), correspondance analysis and discourse analysis (administrative justice cases, jurisprudence and "theoretical" works on public service). It attempts a reasoned association between field theory and the sociology of professions. Also, as well as the career records of each individual in the prosopography, the archives that have been examined are those of the Conseil d'État, the Tribunal des conflits, law faculties (mainly Paris, Bordeaux and Toulouse), the “agrégation” examination in law and unions (federations of civil servants + CGT in its relation with the State).

This paper examines the strategic management of natural resources in Venezuela and Norway,focusing on the role of the State in the petroleum industry and its implications for economicdevelopment. In Venezuela, the national oil company PDVSA experienced increased stateintervention, leading to a dependence on petroleum revenues and limited diversification. Incontrast, Norway's approach, exemplified by Statoil, emphasized corporate independence anddiversification efforts beyond the petroleum sector. The study explores the interplay betweenpolitics and corporate interests in both countries, considering the influence of the politicalcontext on Statoil's operations and the impact of the "resource trap" in Venezuela. Byanalysing these cases, the paper contributes to our understanding of strategic resourcemanagement and offers valuable insights for developing countries facing similar challenges.

Asians and expatriate Africans have been prominent in the SMME economy of South Africa. This work seeks to establish reasons for the growth and competitiveness of SMMEs run by these groups compared to those operated by local citizens. Reasons for this competitiveness are gleaned from existing literature and presented in accordance with the Perren model which attributes the growth of SMMEs to the owner’s motivation, expertise in managing growth, access to resources, and demand. In this work, the Perren model was first applied to Asians and Lebanese in East and West Africa to set a foundation for comparison with the South African situation. This work concluded that it is the four interim growth drivers acting together that cause competitiveness of Asian- or expatriate African-owned SMMEs. Policy recommendations to improve competitiveness of SMMEs owned by local citizens are then suggested at the end. / Economics / M. Com. (Economics)

The diploma thesis clarifies main causes of the mortgage market meltdown in the USA as a starter to the global financial problems. The objective of the thesis is to analyze the American mortgage and housing market price bubble according to the views of the Austrian school of economics, which claims that problems were caused by inappropriate intervention of the U.S. Federal Government, Federal Reserve System and other government institutions in the markets. Furthermore, the thesis criticize the actions and measures taken by the U.S. government to stabilize the economy, which only seeks to alleviate the consequences, not to prevent the causes. Last chapter of the thesis analyze the impact of the subsequent financial crisis and global economic downturn on financial market, real economy and international trade of Czech republic.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:29:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rodrigo Cesar de Oliveira Marinho.pdf: 3085598 bytes, checksum: 35f93a9471773a80a1068f4c31bffa29 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-08-24 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The fundamental scope of this work is to analyze the internal structure of tax laws put at the disposal of the state for the promotion of intervention in the economic domain, dealing with the respective relations these laws maintain with the other laws that make up the system of positive law. It begins from the idea that the system of positive law is inserted, together with other systems (political, economic, moral, etc.) in a larger system, the social system. The exchange of influence between the economic system and the system of positive law is studied to identify potential consequences in the formation of the interventionist legal rules and their effects in the phenomenological world. The work then analyzes the contribution of intervention in the economic domain, as manifest in taxation, from its point of origin to the allocation of the funds raised in accordance with the intended purpose. Within positive law, the work identifies the legal rules that belong to it that concern the exercise of legislative authority for institution, constitutional principles, the requirements for the evaluation of constitutionality and the basic rule of the incidence of taxation, all of which make up the rules for interventionist taxation authority of the mentioned taxes. Finally, this study deals generically with the necessity for the appearance of an interventionist state, making a distinction between "economic domain," "economic activity" and "economic order," going through the analysis of the forms that it has to intervene and identifying the constitutional principles relative to the Brazilian economic order / Este trabalho tem como escopo fundamental analisar a estrutura interna da norma jurídica tributária posta à disposição do Estado para a promoção da intervenção sobre o domínio econômico, tratando das respectivas relações que mantém com as demais normas integrantes do sistema do direito positivo. Parte-se da ideia de que o sistema do direito positivo está inserido, juntamente com outros sistemas (político, econômico, moral etc.) em um sistema maior, o sistema social. Estudaram-se as trocas de influências entre os sistemas econômico e do direito positivo, para identificar eventuais consequências na formação da norma jurídica intervencionista e seus efeitos no mundo dos fenômenos. O trabalho passou, então, a analisar a contribuição de intervenção sobre o domínio econômico, enquanto espécie tributária, desde o seu nascedouro até a aplicação dos recursos arrecadados de acordo com a finalidade pretendida. Dentro do direito positivo, identificaram-se as normas jurídicas a ele pertencentes que dizem respeito ao exercício legislativo para instituição, aos princípios constitucionais, aos requisitos de avaliação de constitucionalidade e à regra-matriz de incidência tributária, todas conformadoras da norma de competência tributária interventiva das referidas contribuições. Por fim, o presente estudo tratou de forma genérica da necessidade de surgimento de um Estado intervencionista, fazendo a diferenciação entre "domínio econômico", "atividade econômica" e "ordem econômica", passando pela análise das formas de que dispõe para intervir e identificando os princípios constitucionais relativos à ordem econômica brasileira

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:30:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Eduardo Tuma.pdf: 1201861 bytes, checksum: e7a00741ab1789fb5b20b871c679d890 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-05-11 / In the years that have widened the contradictions of the capitalist system - 1974 - Friedrich August von Hayek wrote a memorable thesis of Law, Legislation and Liberty target of analysis in this study. Spontaneous order, freedom and minimal state intervention in society: these are expressions that represent the essence of the author's thinking, which proposes a constitutional model as opposed to socialist ideas. Until today, the ideas found in reading the work of Friedrich August von Hayek have particular importance, because it proposes concepts to ensure the functioning of the state, especially with regard to the need for fixing the burden distributed to individuals, which requires a total control of public spending. It can not be denied that the work, published more than three decades ago, survives and serves as a stimulus to the State that aims to achieve the so-called fair taxation without neglecting the maintenance of spontaneous order as a necessity for the preservation of the free economy / No ano em que se acentuaram as contradições do sistema capitalista 1974 Friedrich August von Hayek escreveu a memorável obra Law, Legislation and Liberty (Direito, Legislação e Liberdade), alvo de estudo e análise do presente trabalho. Ordem espontânea, liberdade e intervenção mínima do Estado na sociedade: estas são as expressões que representam a essência do pensamento do autor, que sugere um modelo constitucional, em oposição às concepções socialistas. Até os dias atuais, as ideias expostas na leitura da obra de Friedrich August von Hayek assumem especial importância, pois propõem conceitos fundamentais para garantir o funcionamento do Estado, especialmente no que se refere à necessidade de fixação prévia do ônus que deve ser distribuído aos indivíduos, o que exige um controle total dos gastos públicos. Não se pode negar que a obra, publicada ha mais de três décadas, sobrevive e serve de estímulo para o Estado que almeja alcançar a denominada justiça fiscal sem olvidar a manutenção da ordem espontânea, necessária para a conservação da livre economia

The use of renewable energy as part of the solution for stabilising global warming has been promoted in industrialised countries for the past three decades. In the last ten years, China, a non-democratic and less-developed state, has implemented non-hydro alternative energy sources through top-down, technology-oriented measures and expanded its renewable energy capacity with unprecedented speed and breadth. This phenomenon seems to contradict to the principle of orthodox environmental governance, in which stakeholder participation is deemed as necessary condition for effective policy outcomes. Given that little research has been conducted on environmental politics in an authoritarian context, I first set out to explore the role of the Chinese state in enabling transformation of the renewable energy sector and to understand the ways in which policy elites seek to introduce developmental state and ecological modernisation strategy in the policy area. Second, by adopting principal-agent theory, I explicate how the governance mechanisms have been deployed and how challenges of the expansion of the sector in the governance system with a large territory have being mitigated. Based upon news reports, policy documents, and interviews with 32 provincial officials, business leaders, academic researchers, and NGO practitioners in two subnational governments, I argue that the renewable energy development in China is governed through a hybrid mode of environmental policy model that uses, upon the existing developmental state regime, ecological modernisation as a policy paradigm, which is partially incorporated in the process. Ultimately, I examine in this thesis the possibility of an alternative form of environmental governance in which renewable energy can be diffused in a less-participatory manner, with more direct controls and target-oriented state intervention measures. This thesis challenges the orthodox assumption that the inclusive mode of governance are the only capable form of environmental governance that reaches desired policy outcomes of renewable energy deployment.

Submitted by Maicon Juliano Schmidt (maicons) on 2015-07-20T14:40:27Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dirceu Baccin.pdf: 2171261 bytes, checksum: a40f5d6814fa1b064eb85b2e99dd578b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-20T14:40:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dirceu Baccin.pdf: 2171261 bytes, checksum: a40f5d6814fa1b064eb85b2e99dd578b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-05-19 / Nenhuma / O presente estudo examina os impactos das normas de defesa do consumidor brasileiras, com base na Análise Econômica do Direito, perante as redes varejistas de eletrodomésticos, fornecedores e consumidores. O estudo visa aproximar o enfoque econômico com as políticas públicas e analisa a necessidade das constantes intervenções do Estado no direito consumidor brasileiro. A abordagem do trabalho teve um enfoque qualitativo de natureza exploratória, que dará suporte para uma pesquisa mais aprofundada do tema, para aproximar ainda mais a Análise Econômica do Direito com o Direito do Consumidor brasileiro. Os principais resultados da pesquisa indicam que as normas de defesa do consumidor brasileiras trouxeram como impactos econômicos o aumento das vendas, conseqüentes da regulamentação do mercado e da segurança jurídica vislumbrada, juntamente com o aumento de burocracia interna e dos custos das empresas, que em parte são repassados aos consumidores e aos fabricantes. / This study examines the impacts of Brazilian consumer protection standards, based on Economic Analysis of Law, before the home appliance retailers, suppliers and consumers. The study aims to bring economic approach to public policies and examines the need for constant government intervention in the Brazilian consumer law. The labor approach had a qualitative focus exploratory in nature, which will provide support for further research theme, to further approach the Economic Analysis of Law with the Law of the Brazilian consumer. The main results of the research indicate that the Brazilian consumer protection standards brought as economic impacts increased sales, consequent regulation of the market and the envisaged legal certainty and increased internal bureaucracy and business costs, which in part are passed on to consumers and manufacturers.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:22:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Eduardo Bichir Cassis.pdf: 958622 bytes, checksum: f00aef8645313285c7590b554a09fe28 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-11-05 / Generally speaking, the study is outlined in two phases, with the first plan to delimit the object from the overview of Civil law until the central object of the dissertation: the credit transaction contract comes due; in turn, the second stage justifies the importance of judicial review of such contracts by breaking the base of legal business, surpassing the requirements for the application of the theory of oversights. The research supports the right of social relations, resulting in the parameter effectivity of private law and the protection of civil liberties, addressing the private legal relationships and the dignity of the human person. Deals with the transformation in paradigm of Civil law, i.e. the despatrimonialização resulting from the making of intersubjective relations. A result of this new vision in Hatcher, touches of Oversights, in conclusion, further, that in the present day, for the judicial review of contracts, their requirements have already been overcome. The new civil Constitution order allows to interpret the direct application of the provisions of the Federal Constitution in exceptional character, provided that there are shortcomings in the standards that make up the open system of Civil law. This is because the principles and general clauses allow the interpretation of the system and enable contours and limits established by the system itself. Civil contracts negotiating relations are mandatory and sustain the economic system. Is that solidarity and the normative dirigisme have joined economic relations and, therefore, the parties no longer have antagonistic interests and the need to work cooperatively. With this vision, the analysis becomes a credit transfer agreements, which influence the movement of wealth, possessing umbilical relationship with the guarantee of a decent life. More precisely, this study tackles the credit assignment due for payment and the systematic recently amended by constitutional c. Supreme Court. The second phase of the work part of the contract of assignment of credit for payment of bringing arguments for their judicial review, preserving the balance between the parties, for the use of general clauses and principles of constitutional civil (private autonomy, consensus, relativity of contracts, mandatory conservation covenants, strength, solidarity, equality, good faith and social function). Indeed, deviates from the application of the theory of oversights in the present day, since the revision of the contract is justified by changing the base of legal business, being that the main ground of review must be based on the social function of the contract. With these aspects, the dissertation justifies his academic significance and invites the reader to rethink old ways through a new look, oxygenated by critical constructivism and ruled by a line of social function of contracts, all to keep in mind the balance between the Contracting Parties / Em linhas gerais, o estudo é traçado em duas fases, sendo que a primeira pretende delimitar o objeto partindo da visão geral do Direito Civil até chegar ao objeto central da dissertação: o contrato de cessão de crédito oriundo de precatório; por sua vez, a segunda fase justifica a importância da revisão judicial de tais contratos pela quebra da base do negócio jurídico, superando os requisitos para a aplicação da teoria da imprevisão. A linha de pesquisa respalda-se no Direito das relações sociais, tendo por parâmetro a efetividade do Direito privado e a tutela das liberdades civis, abordando as relações jurídicas privadas e a dignidade da pessoa humana. Aborda-se a transformação no paradigma do Direito Civil, isto é, a despatrimonialização decorrente da funcionalização das relações intersubjetivas. Fruto dessa nova visão toca-se no nascedouro da Teoria da Imprevisão, concluindo-se, mais adiante, que nos dias atuais, para a revisão judicial de contratos, seus requisitos já foram superados. A nova ordem civil constitucional possibilita ao interprete a aplicação direta dos preceitos da Constituição Federal em caráter excepcional, desde que haja lacuna nas normas que compõem o sistema aberto do Direito Civil. Isso porque os princípios e as cláusulas gerais permitem a interpretação do sistema e possibilitam contornos e limites estabelecidos pelo próprio sistema. Os contratos civis decorrem de relações negociais obrigacionais e sustentam o sistema econômico. É que a solidariedade e o dirigismo normativo passaram a integrar as relações econômicas e, por isso, as partes deixaram de possuir interesses antagônicos e passaram a ter necessidade de atuação cooperativa. Com essa visão, a análise se converte aos contratos de cessão de crédito, os quais influenciam na circulação de riquezas, possuindo umbilical relação com a garantia de uma vida digna. Mais precisamente, o estudo aborda a cessão de crédito decorrente de precatório e a sistemática constitucional, recentemente alterada pelo C. Supremo Tribunal Federal. A segunda fase do trabalho parte do contrato de cessão de crédito decorrente de precatório trazendo argumentos que justificam a sua a revisão judicial, preservando o equilíbrio entre as partes, pela utilização das cláusulas gerais e alguns princípios de civil constitucional (autonomia privada, consensualismo, relatividade dos contratos, força obrigatória dos pactos, conservação, solidariedade, igualdade, boa-fé e função social). Com efeito, afasta-se a aplicação da teoria da imprevisão nos dias atuais, pois a revisão do contrato é justificada pela alteração da base do negócio jurídico, sendo que o principal fundamento da revisão deverá estar pautado na função social do contrato. Com essas vertentes, a dissertação justifica seu significado acadêmico e convida o leitor a repensar as velhas formas através de um novo olhar, oxigenado pelo construtivismo crítico e pautado pela linha-mestra da função social dos contratos, tudo no sentido de manter presente o equilíbrio entre as partes contratantes