Um problema auxiliar crucial à análise do problema de Stokes Compressível é estudado via a técnica de potenciais de camada dupla em regiões Lipschitz através de um método primeiro utilizado por Verchota e subseqüentemente estendido ao caso parabólico por Brown e Shen. Desse modo, mediante a utilização e cálculo da condição de salto na fronteira é possível estabelecer a existência e unicidade da solução em apropriados espaços funcionais via o estudo de potenciais de camada. / An auxiliary problem crucial to the analysis of the compressible Stokes problem is studied by means of the technique of double layer in Lipschitz regions through a method first used by Verchota and subsequently extended to the parabolic case by Brown and Shen. In this way through the use and calculation of the boundary jump condition it is possible to establish the existence and unicity of the solution in appropriate function spaces via the study of boundary layer potentials.

Neste trabalho, apresenta-se o resultado da existência de soluções fracas em domínios não-limitados para as equações de Navier-Stokes, desde que a fronteira satisfaça uma certa condição de regularidade que é necessária para a obtenção de estimativas em domínios não-limitados semelhantes à desigualdade de Poincaré em domínios limitados. Apresenta-se o desenvolvimento detalhado do método de Galerkin para as equações de Navier-Stokes em domínios não-limitados com cálculo explícito de várias constantes e com forças externas não nulas. Apresenta-se dois teoremas fundamentais: um fornecendo condições para existência de soluções do problema estacionário e o outro fornecendo condições para existência de soluções do problema não-estacionário. / In the work it is presented results of existence of weak solutions in unbounded doroains for the Navier-Stokes equations. The roain condition to obtain similar results as those for bounded doroains; for e."'Carople the Poincaré inequality; is a certain condition of regularity at the boundary of the doroain. It is presented the detailed developroent of the Galerkin roethod for the t.he Navier-Stokes equations in unbounded doroains ~vith the explicit calculat ions of many constants and ''rith non null externai forces. It is presented two basic theorern: one presenting condition for the existence of solutions for the stationary problem and the other presenting conditions for existence of solution for the non stationary problem.

Este trabalho faz uma nova proposta de método para solucionar a equação advectivodifusiva tridimensional que descreve os escoamentos viscosos incompressíveis. Este método usa um esquema analítico baseado em split seguido de gênese de equações diferenciais. A solução do problema é efetuada em duas etapas distintas. A primeira etapa consiste na aplicação de um split não-homogêneo sobre as Equações de Navier-Stokes, no qual uma das equações do sistema resultante contém a derivada temporal e o termo viscoso, constituindo uma equação diferencial linear não-homogênea. A solução dessa equação é obtida via mapeamento em uma equação de primeira ordem, fornecendo o formato do campo de velocidades. A partir deste se obtém o formato da função corrente para fins de gênese. Desta forma faz-se com que simulações possam ser obtidas usando computadores portáteis e, mesmo assim, requeiram tempo de processamento pequeno para a solução de problemas ditos de engenharia. Estas vantagens podem ser diretamente traduzidas em aplicações práticas de simulação como, por exemplo, a possibilidade de tomada de decisão em tempo real sobre o controle de um processo em andamento numa planta industrial, respostas transientes num escoamento turbulento ou na previsão da dispersão de poluentes em rios e mananciais críticos à saúde da população. / This work proposes a new method to solve the three-dimensional advective-diffusive equation which describes incompressible viscous flows. The proposed solution uses an analytical method based in the split of the original equation, followed by a genesis of differential equa tions. The problem is solved in two distinct steps. The first step consists of applying a nonhomogeneous split on the Navier-Stokes equations, which results in one non-homogeneous partial differential equation containing the time derivative and the viscous term. This equation is solved by mapping it into a first order equation that provides the velocity field format. Using this result we are able to obtain the stream function format, which will be used in the following genesis. This sequence allows the use of portable computers to achieve simulation results for engineering problems in small enough processing time. These advantages can be used in applications such as real- time decision making about industrial processes variables, transient turbulent flow calculations or pollution dispersion simulations in rivers or other water sources critical to the population.

Orientador: Prof. Dr. Luciano Soares da Cruz / Coorientador: Prof. Dr. Marcelo Matinelli / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do ABC, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Física, Santo André, 2018. / Estados da luz com propriedades não-clássicas são ferramentas essenciais para o desenvolvimento de diversas áreas, como Informação Quântica, Metrologia, Computação Quântica etc. Neste trabalho geramos e medimos estados com compressão de ruído de polarização. Para isto, utilizamos como fonte de estados coerentes um laser de Titânio-Sa?ra, que equipamos com um sistema de controle ativo de modo e frequência. Com este sistema, podemos sintonizar o laser às transições da estrutura hiper?na do Rubídio e, através da interação do feixe com vapor atômico de Rb, promover a autorrotação de polarização. Este fenômeno não-linear faz com que a elipse de polarização do feixe gire, alterando assim as propriedades do seu ruído, podendo inclusive gerar compressão. Investigamos a dependência de parâmetros como ângulo relativo entre campo e oscilador local, potência incidiente no vapor atômico e frequência de análise na geração de compressão na linhaD1 do isótopo 87 do Rubídio sobre o operador de Stokes ¿S2. Medimos (2.7 ± 0.2) dB de compressão na transição 2?2 e (5.0± 0.1) dB na 2?1. / Light states with non-classical properties are essential tools for the development of several areas, such as Quantum Information, Metrology, Quantum Computation etc. In this work, we generated and measured squeezed polarization states. For this purpose, we used a Titanium-Sapphire laser, which we built an active control system for mode and frequency. It can access the transitions of the hyperfine structure of Rubidium and promote polarization self rotation from the interaction between laser beam and vapour atomic of Rb. This non-linear phenomenon rotates the beam polarization ellipse, changing the properties of its noise and may generating squeezing. We investigated the squeezing generation dependence on parameters as relative angle between field and local oscillator, light power on atomic vapour cell and analysis frequency. We looked for line D1 of the isotope 87 of the rubidium on the operator of Stokes ¿S2 and found (2.7± 0.2) dB at the transition 2 ? 2 and (5.0± 0.1) dB at the 2? 1.

Orientador: Marcelo Martins dos Santos / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Matematica, Estatistica e Computação Cientifica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-13T14:33:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Entringer_ArianePiovezan_M.pdf: 25485247 bytes, checksum: 0f3ef257e85aae26b1d7bbc1ef29bcc2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: Este trabalho consiste de uma exposição detalhada do resultado provado no artigo Uniqueness of Weak Solutions of the Navier-Stokes Equations of Multidimensional, Compressible Flow de D. Hoff (SIAM J. Math. Anal - 2006) sobre a unicidade de solução fraca e a dependência contínua da solução fraca nos dados iniciais para as equações de Navier-Stokes para fluídos compressíveis...Observação: O resumo, na integra, podera ser visualizado no texto completo da tese digital / Abstract: Uniqueness of Weak Solutions of the Navier-Stokes Equations of Multidimensional, Compressible Flow of D. Hoff (SIAM J. Math. Anal - 2006) about uniqueness and continuous dependence on initial data of weak solutions of the Navier-Stokes equations of compressible flow...Note: The complete abstract is available with the full electronic digital thesis or dissertations / Mestrado / Mestre em Matemática

Orientador: Marcelo Martins dos Santos / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Matemática, Estatística e Computação Científica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-18T21:33:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dias_GilberlandioJesus_D.pdf: 729241 bytes, checksum: 697941f5eb00690299a087d1432b35cf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: Neste trabalho estudamos o escoamento de fluidos viscosos não Newtonianos, modelados pelo sistema estacionário incompressível de Navier-Stokes obedecendo a uma Lei de Potência, em domínios com canais infinitos. Tratamos basicamente de dois tipos de domínios: domínios com canais cuja seção transversal é limitada e domínios com canais possuindo seção transversal ilimitada. Tanto para domínios com seção transversal limitada quanto para domínios com seção transversal ilimitada, estudamos o problema proposto por Ladyzhenskaya e Solonnikov [Zap. Nauchn. Sem. Leningrad Otdel. Mat. Inst. Steklov (LOMI), 96(1980)117-160 (English Transl.: J. Soviet Math., 21, 1983, 728-761)]. Findamos nosso trabalho fazendo um estudo sobre estimativas em espaços de Sobolev com peso para soluções do sistema de Stokes com Lei de Potência / Abstract: In this work we study the flow of the viscous non-Newtonian fluids, modeled by the steady incompressible Navier-Stokes system obeying a power-law, in domains with infinite channels. We deal basically two types of domains: domains with channels whose cross section is limited and domains with channels having unlimited cross section. For both domains with limited cross section and for domains with unbounded cross section, we study the problem proposed by Ladyzhenskaya and Solonnikov [Zap. Nauchno. Sem Leningrad Otdel. Mat. Inst. Steklov (Lomi), 96 (1980) 117-160 (Portugu¿es Transl.: J. Soviet Math., 21, 1983, 728-761)]. We finished our work making a study of estimates in Sobolev weight spaces for solutions of the Stokes power-law system / Doutorado / Matematica / Doutor em Matemática

Orientadores: Helena Judith Nussenzveig Lopes, Milton da Costa Lopes Filho / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Matemática, Estatística e Computação Científica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-21T02:48:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silva_LuizAlbertoViana_D.pdf: 1535000 bytes, checksum: dc971611cbda75b2a6dd72a0bd80d05f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: Um problema clássico em aberto é determinar se, em domínios com fronteira, soluções das equações de Navier-Stokes convergem, em um sentido apropriado, a uma solução das equações de Euler quando a viscosidade do fluido tende a zero. Baseados nesta importante questão, Kelliher, Lopes Filho e Nussenzveig Lopes examinaram, em [21], o comportamento de escoamentos com viscosidade pequena em domínios limitados com fronteira afastada, e descreveram condições precisas para que o escoamento limite fosse regido pelas equações de Euler no espaço todo. O presente trabalho é uma continuação natural do artigo mencionado, pois analisamos a dinâmica de escoamentos tridimensionais incompressíveis com viscosidade pequena em torno de obstáculos distantes. Mais precisamente, apresentamos uma estimativa fina que indica um comportamento assintótico para famílias de soluções das equações de Navier-Stokes em termos da viscosidade do escoamento e da localização do obstáculo, e contrastamos a referida estimativa com aquela demonstrada no contexto dos escoamentos em domínios limitados / Abstract: It is a classical open problem to determine if the vanishing viscosity limit can be established in the presence of boundaries. Based on this important issue, Kelliher, Lopes Filho and Nussenzveig Lopes studied in [21] the behavior of viscous incompresible flow in an expanding bounded domain when the viscosity is very small. To be more precise, these three authors described conditions under which the limiting flow satisfies the full space Euler equations. The present work is natural continuation of the aforementioned research since we consider 3D incompressible viscous flows around a distant obstacle along with the vanishing viscosity limit. Specificly, we obtain such a polynomial decay which shows an asymptotic behavior of families of 3D incompressible viscous flows, in the exterior of a single smooth obstacle, in terms of both the obstacle position and the small viscosity. Our approach allows us to compare our rate of convergence to that ones proved in [21] / Doutorado / Matematica / Doutor em Matemática

Le but de cette thèse est de faire des simulations prédictives à partir de modèles de turbulence de type RANS (Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes). Ces simulations font l'objet d'un traitement systématique du modèle, de son incertitude et de leur propagation par le biais d'un modèle de calcul prédictif aux incertitudes quantifiées. Pour faire cela, nous utilisons le cadre robuste de la statistique Bayesienne.La première étape vers ce but a été d'obtenir une estimation de l'erreur de simulations RANS basées sur le modèle de turbulence de Launder-Sharma k-e. Nous avons recherché en particulier à estimer des incertitudes pour les coefficients du modele, pour des écoulements de parois en gradients favorable et défavorable. Dans le but d'estimer la propagation des coefficients qui reproduisent le plus précisemment ces types d'écoulements, nous avons étudié 13 configurations différentes de calibrations Bayesienne. Chaque calibration était associée à un gradient de pression spécifique gràce à un modèle statistique. Nous representont la totalite des incertitudes dans la solution avec une boite-probabilite (p-box). Cette boîte-p représente aussi bien les paramètres de variabilité de l'écoulement que les incertitudes epistemiques de chaque calibration. L'estimation d'un nouvel écoulement de couche-limite est faite pour des valeurs d'incertitudes générées par cette information sur l'incertitude elle-même. L'erreur d'incertitude qui en résulte est consistante avec les mesures expérimentales.Cependant, malgré l'accord avec les mesures, l'erreur obtenue était encore trop large. Ceci est dû au fait que la boite-p est une prédiction non pondérée. Pour améliorer cela, nous avons développé une autre approche qui repose également sur la variabilité des coefficients de fermeture du modèle, au travers de multiples scénarios d'écoulements et de multiples modèles de fermeture. La variabilité est là encore estimée par le recours à la calibration Bayesienne et confrontée aux mesures expérimentales de chaque scénario. Cependant, un scénario-modèle Bayesien moyen (BMSA) est ici utilisé pour faire correspondre les distributions a posteriori à un scénario (prédictif) non mesuré. Contrairement aux boîtes-p, cette approche est une approche pondérée faisant appel aux probabilités des modèles de turbulence, déterminée par les données de calibration. Pour tous les scénarios de prédiction considérés, la déviation standard de l'estimation stochastique est consistante avec les mesures effectuées.Les résultats de l'approche BMSA expriment des barres d'erreur raisonnables. Cependant, afin de l'appliquer à des topologies plus complexes et au-delà de la classe des écoulements de couche-limite, des techniques de modeles de substitution doivent être mises en places. La méthode de la collocation Stochastique-Simplex (SSC) est une de ces techniques et est particulièrement robuste pour la propagation de distributions d'entrée incertaines dans un code de calcul. Néanmois, son utilisation de la triangulation Delaunay peut entrainer un problème de coût prohibitif pour les cas à plus de 5 dimensions. Nous avons donc étudié des moyens pour améliorer cette faible scalabilité. En premier lieu, c'est dans ce but que nous avons en premier proposé une technique alternative d'interpolation basée sur le probleme 'Set-Covering'. Deuxièmement, nous avons intégré la méthode SSC au cadre du modèle de réduction à haute dimension (HDMR) dans le but d'éviter de considérer tous les espaces de haute dimension en même temps.Finalement, avec l'utilisation de notre technique de modelisation de substitution (surrogate modelling technique), nous avons appliqué le cadre BMSA à un écoulement transsonique autour d'un profil d'aile. Avec cet outil nous sommes maintenant capable de faire des simulations prédictives d'écoulements auparavant trop coûteux et offrant des incertitudes quantifiées selon les imperfections des différents modèles de turbulence. / The goal of this thesis is to make predictive simulations with Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) turbulence models, i.e. simulations with a systematic treatment of model and data uncertainties and their propagation through a computational model to produce predictions of quantities of interest with quantified uncertainty. To do so, we make use of the robust Bayesian statistical framework.The first step toward our goal concerned obtaining estimates for the error in RANS simulations based on the Launder-Sharma k-e turbulence closure model, for a limited class of flows. In particular we searched for estimates grounded in uncertainties in the space of model closure coefficients, for wall-bounded flows at a variety of favourable and adverse pressure gradients. In order to estimate the spread of closure coefficients which reproduces these flows accurately, we performed 13 separate Bayesian calibrations. Each calibration was at a different pressure gradient, using measured boundary-layer velocity profiles, and a statistical model containing a multiplicative model inadequacy term in the solution space. The results are 13 joint posterior distributions over coefficients and hyper-parameters. To summarize this information we compute Highest Posterior-Density (HPD) intervals, and subsequently represent the total solution uncertainty with a probability box (p-box). This p-box represents both parameter variability across flows, and epistemic uncertainty within each calibration. A prediction of a new boundary-layer flow is made with uncertainty bars generated from this uncertainty information, and the resulting error estimate is shown to be consistent with measurement data.However, although consistent with the data, the obtained error estimates were very large. This is due to the fact that a p-box constitutes a unweighted prediction. To improve upon this, we developed another approach still based on variability in model closure coefficients across multiple flow scenarios, but also across multiple closure models. The variability is again estimated using Bayesian calibration against experimental data for each scenario, but now Bayesian Model-Scenario Averaging (BMSA) is used to collate the resulting posteriors in an unmeasured (prediction) scenario. Unlike the p-boxes, this is a weighted approach involving turbulence model probabilities which are determined from the calibration data. The methodology was applied to the class of turbulent boundary-layers subject to various pressure gradients. For all considered prediction scenarios the standard-deviation of the stochastic estimate is consistent with the measurement ground truth.The BMSA approach results in reasonable error bars, which can also be decomposed into separate contributions. However, to apply it to more complex topologies outside the class of boundary-layer flows, surrogate modelling techniques must be applied. The Simplex-Stochastic Collocation (SSC) method is a robust surrogate modelling technique used to propagate uncertain input distributions through a computer code. However, its use of the Delaunay triangulation can become prohibitively expensive for problems with dimensions higher than 5. We therefore investigated means to improve upon this bad scalability. In order to do so, we first proposed an alternative interpolation stencil technique based upon the Set-Covering problem, which resulted in a significant speed up when sampling the full-dimensional stochastic space. Secondly, we integrated the SSC method into the High-Dimensional Model-Reduction framework in order to avoid sampling high-dimensional spaces all together.Finally, with the use of our efficient surrogate modelling technique, we applied the BMSA framework to the transonic flow over an airfoil. With this we are able to make predictive simulations of computationally expensive flow problems with quantified uncertainty due to various imperfections in the turbulence models.

Cette thèse, intitulée NSIBM : un solveur parallèle de Navier-Stokes avec raffinement automatique basé sur la méthode des frontières immergées, a été effectuée au sein du laboratoire iCube, département de mécanique, à Strasbourg, dans le quartier de l'Orangerie, sous la direction du professeur Yannick Hoarau. L'essentiel du travail effectué consiste en le développement d'un programme capable de résoudre numériquement l'équation de Navier-Stokes qui régit des fluides en mouvement. Une attention particulière a été portée à la production de maillages conformes aux géométries proposées et à leur génération. Les moyens mis en œuvre ici pour gérer l'éternel problème de la finesse du maillage opposée au trop grand nombre de cellules sont multiples : le raffinement, la parallélisation et les frontières immergées. Dans un premier temps, j'ai conçu un générateur de maillage en deux et trois dimensions en y intégrant la possibilité de diviser des cellules, et cela de manière automatique, par des critères géométriques, numériques ou physiques. Il permet également de supprimer des cellules, de manière à ne pas mailler le vide ou les parties solides de la géométrie.Dans un deuxième temps, j'ai rendu ce code parallèle en lui donnant la capacité d'utiliser plusieurs processeurs, afin de calculer plus vite et donc d'utiliser davantage de mailles. Cette étape fait appel à deux technologies : Metis, qui partage équitablement les mailles sur le nombre choisi de processeurs et OpenMPI, qui est l'interface de communication entre ces processeurs. Enfin, la méthode des frontières immergées a été introduite au code pour gérer les bords non verticaux ou horizontaux dans un maillage cartésien, c'est-à-dire formé de rectangles ou de pavés droits. Elle consiste à donner un caractère hybride à une cellule traversée par une frontière par l'introduction d'un terme numérique de forçage simulant la présence de la paroi.Ce travail de développement a ensuite été mis à l'épreuve et validé dans une série de cas tests en deux comme en trois dimensions. Des exemples de maillages complexes générés facilement sont donnés. / This thesis, entitled NSIBM: a parallel Navier-Stokes solver with automatic mesh refinement based on immersed boundary method, has been conducted within the iCube laboratory dedicated to mechanics and located in Strasbourg. It has been supervised by Professor Yannick Hoarau. This work mainly deals with coding a program able to solve the Navier-Stokes equations that governs moving fluids, in a numerical way. Particular attention was paid to the production of meshes that suit given geometries and their generation.The means used here to handle the eternal problem of the fineness of the mesh opposed to too many cells are several~:refinement, parallelization and the immersed boundary method.Initially, I designed a two and three-dimensional mesh generator that includes the possibility of dividing cells,in an automatic way, by geometrical, numerical or physical criteria. It also allows to remove cells, where there is no point keeping it. Secondly, I parallelized the program by giving him the ability to use multiple processors to calculate faster and therefore use bigger meshes.This step uses two available libraries~: \textit{Metis}, which gives a optimal mesh partition, and \textit{openMPI}, which deals with communication between nodes. Finally, the immersed boundary method has been implemented to handle non-vertical or non-horizontal edges in a cartesian grid. Its principle is to confer a hybrid status to a cell which is crossed by an edge by adding a numerical force term simulating the presence of the boundary. This development work was then tested and validated in a serie of test cases in two and three dimensions. Examples of complex meshes easily generated are given.

Pas de résumé / In order to give a general statistical description of turbulence, one tries to identify universal statistical features, common to a wider class of turbulent flows. In 1988, Kraichnan and Panda discovered one such possibly universal feature, namely, the fact that Navier-Stokes turbulence tends to reduce the strength of the nonlinearity in its governing equations. In the flrst part of the manuscript we consider the strength of the nonlinear term and, more precisely, of its fluctuations in isotropic turbulence. In order to measure this strength, we compare to the case of a flow fleld with the same energy distribution where the modes are statistically independent, as is the case in Gaussian noise. It is shown that the turbulent flow self-organizes towards a state in which the nonlinearity is reduced, and it is discussed what the implications of this reduction are. Also, in two dimensions it is illustrated how this self-organization manifests itself through the appearance of well-deflned vortical flow structures. In the second part of the manuscript, we investigate the dynamics of the Hasegawa- Wakatani model, a model relevant in the study of magnetically conflned fusion plasmas. The two-dimensional version of this model is considered, which includes some key features of the turbulent dynamics of a tokamak-edge. We consider the limit of the model in which the nonlinearity is reduced with respect to the linear forces. For this weakly nonlinear, wave dominated regime, analytical predictions suggest the presence of a feedback loop in which energy is transferred to highly anisotropic zonal flows by nonlocal interactions. We confirm these predictions and we demonstrate a strong suppression of the turbulent radial particle flux. In wall bounded geometry, the same mechanism is observed and here also the flux is eflciently reduced by the turbulence-zonal flow interaction.