This study explores the use of chairs during remote work from home. In our modern, digital society, it is becoming increasingly common for people to do their work from the workplace at home. Working from home has also increased significantly with the COVID-19 pandemic that has been a part of our everyday life for the past year. This work is based on the new conditions people are given when working moves full-time or part-time to the home and the new needs in the form of furniture and solutions that working from home requires. The problem discovered and explored in this work concerns limitations in existing and commonly used chairs when working at home. The problem was identified and explored in a research phase consisting of an interview study and a literature study. The interview study shows that the informants either have office chairs, they do not think aesthetically fit in the home environment or kitchen chairs with a lack of ergonomics are used. The literature study reveals additional information that many office chairs marketed as ergonomically correct are often overdesigned with complex settings that become difficult to use in real life, leading to people, despite advancing adjustment possibilities, sitting incorrectly or unfavorably from an ergonomic point of view. An additional problem concerns overcrowded people where there is no space for both the dining area and the office. Based on the problem formulation, the purpose of the work was formulated, which is to create an ergonomically well-adapted chair that acts as a hybrid between kitchen chair and work chair for people working from home. The aesthetics of the chair should fit in a kitchen environment in the home while fulfilling the ergonomic benefits of a work chair in the form of some adjustment. The interview study was conducted in the form of in-depth interviews with 11 informants, all of whom work full-time or part-time from home. Based on the Interview study and the literature study, several problems that may exist when using chairs, both adjustable and with fixed dimensions, as well as needs that arise during working from home were identified. The knowledge extracted from the research has laid the foundation for the idea-generating phase. In the generation of ideas, model building has in various ways been the tools used. Models have been made alternating either in metal, wood, cardboard or CAD. After that, a metal and wood chair were created with a stylish and light impression that meets good ergonomic possibilities for those who work from home. The chair can be adjusted in three joints with a few well-selected fixed dimensions. To solve an adjustment function while maintaining the aesthetics of the kitchen chair, it has fasteners in the form of magnets in the seat and back. It allows for an adjustment of both seat and back to suit the specific user. Height adjustment is also made using magnets inside sleeves that are attached to the underside of the seat leg and adjust the height of the chair. The magnets are designed to hold the sleeves in place on the seat leg. All adjustments are in fixed positions to make use easier for the user where the adjustments are quick to achieve. The result is a prototype of a chair that can act as a hybrid between kitchen chair and work chair. Keywords: Chair, remote work, working from home, ergonomics, kitchen chair, office chair.

Submitted by Gabriela Lopes (gmachadolopesufpel@gmail.com) on 2017-06-20T16:09:52Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Tese Tânia Bayer.pdf: 909967 bytes, checksum: bb98b5908d8b1ee07585fe26d173015e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Aline Batista (alinehb.ufpel@gmail.com) on 2017-06-21T18:55:52Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese Tânia Bayer.pdf: 909967 bytes, checksum: bb98b5908d8b1ee07585fe26d173015e (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-21T18:55:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese Tânia Bayer.pdf: 909967 bytes, checksum: bb98b5908d8b1ee07585fe26d173015e (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-16 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar o efeito de equipamentos e taxas de aplicação, via aérea, no controle de doenças foliares e patógenos de grãos do arroz irrigado da cultivar Puitá Inta CL, com o fungicida Azoxistrobina 250g + Difenoconazol 250, além de verificar a densidade e penetração de gotas no dossel das plantas através de cartões hidrosensíveis. Avaliou-se a quantidade de fungicida depositado nos estratos superior e inferior através de análise cromatográfica e determinou-se a relação entre a área foliar e o peso dos estratos inferior e superior das plantas. As pulverizações foram realizadas com bico defletor Stol, bico hidráulico Travicar e atomizador rotativo de discos Turboaero, com volumes variando entre 10 e 30 L.ha-1 . A utilização de cartões hidronsensiveis possibilitou verificar que taxas de aplicação maiores proporcionaram maior densidade de gotas no estrato superior do dossel foliar e que todos os equipamentos, assim como as taxas de aplicação promovem similar penetração de gotas no dossel. Conclui-se que para estudar a distribuição de produtos químicos nos estratos inferior e superior das plantas via cromatografia, devem ser feitas extrações de porções vegetais com área foliar equivalente e não por quantidades com pesos iguais. Mesmo com pouca severidade de doença, a aplicação de fungicida mostrou-se importante no controle de fungos presentes nos grãos em pós-colheita, a exemplo de Fusarium sp. e Gerlachia sp.e dos patógenos Bipolaris sp. e Gerlachia sp. em condições de campo. / This study aimed to evaluate the effect of equipment and application rates, for the control of foliar diseases and pathogens of grains of rice cultivar Puitá CL Inta, with the fungicide azoxystrobin + difenoconazole, and check the density and penetration of drops in the canopy of plants with water sensitive papers. We evaluated the amount of fungicide deposited in the canopy by chromatographic analysis and determined the relationship between the leaf area and the weight of upper and lower layers of the plants. The products were sprayed with Stol deflector nozzle, Travicar hydraulic nozzle and rotative atomizer Turboaero, with volumes between 10 and 30 L.ha-1 . The use of water sensitive papers allowed to verify that higher application rates provided a higher density of droplets in the upper stratum of the canopy of leaves and that all equipment, as well as application rates similar to promote penetration of droplets into the canopy. It follows that to study the distribution of chemicals in the lower and upper layers of the plants via chromatography, can be made with the extraction of plant leaf area portions and not by amounts equivalent weight equal. Even with low disease severity, fungicide application was shown to be important in controlling fungi present in grain post-harvest, such as Fusarium sp. and Gerlachia sp., and the pathogens Bipolaris sp. and Gerlachia sp. at field conditions.

Exploring possibilities of dating photographs by clothing of the portrayed person. In my thesis I am working with women portraits, because changes in the women fashion of the period are more rapid and distinctive in comparision with men or children fashion. Beginning of period, described in the thesis is 1841, as in this year the first portrait atelier in Prague was opened, and end is 1914 as the beginning of the WWI. Aim of my thesis is to show, that it is possible to date photographic portraits by their garment, accessories and haircuts within a decade. Advantages and disadvantages of dating by the fashion are described, further combination with other dating methods. Main part of the thesis is description of fashion silhouette, garment details modern accessories by the decades: 1840´s, 1850´s, 1860´s, 1870´s, 1880´s, 1890´s, 1900´s, 1910 - 1914. Also, examples of dating by the fashion on particular photographs are included.

In this diploma thesis, we are focusing on the historical development of the locative case and its variety in Russian language, especially in 19th and 20th century Russian. Based on our knowledge from the theoretical part we analyzed samples from national corpus of Russian language. Words, which can use the second locative case, were divided into three groups. We found out that approximately during 1930's appeared evidence of change in use of the local case ending. This is described by the results from the analysis of the lexemes of the first group, where is the use of the second locative obligatory. We also found out, that in the group, where use of locative endings varies, there are some tendencies to distinguish the meaning of the lexemes with the local case endings. In the third group, where the local case endings distinguish meaning of the word, we can claim that there are evidence of the tendencies to unify meaning of the nouns in the local case. Therefore, the choice of the ending does not strictly determine the meaning of the word. Keywords Declension; noun; Russian; second locative; 19th century; 20th century; corpus linguistics

In this thesis, we examined villae rusticae in the provinces of Dalmatia and Pannonia. The initial chapters focused on ethnicity of indigenous people of the region, the course of the Greek colonization and the establishment of colonies, the history of the numerous military conflicts with the Romans and the final establishing of new provinces. We describe comprehensively the history of the province of Dalmatia and Pannonia province during the four centuries of Roman domination and their further development in late antiquity until the 7th century. The body of thesis is a catalog of selected localities with thorough descriptions of individual buildings villae rusticae. In addition, we paid special attention to the history of their research, architecture and architectural elements, interior and exterior decoration, chronology (1st - 4th century), regional location and agriculture. Keywords villae rusticae, Dalmatia, Pannonia, 1st - 4th century, agriculture, decoration

Abstract This report is conducted to gain an insight in the Swedish furniture industry since the early 1900s and its current state. At a time when we are becoming more and more aware of that we are living in an unsustainable society of consumption and quickly puts an end to the earth’s resources, can we continue in this direction and will it be profitable from an economic-, social- and sustainability perspective? In my examproject i have investigated these questions and are proposing a way to keep production localy with local sustainable materials in a near future. New powerful digital pruduction tools and tecniques, and research and inventions in the material feilds, are rewriting the global pruduction map. By visiting a variety of production facilities for furniture and through a series of interviews of people connected to the industry, I have gained a deeper understanding and insight into the Swedish furniture industry and the future changes it faces. I have also read relevant literature and analyzed the chair as an object and the ergonomic conditions of sitting. In my report I want to showcase the importance of tradition and knowledge in furniture making, and bring this into a future sustainable production industry. Additive manufacturing, or 3D printing as it is also called, allows the designer to design both the inside and outside of an object and give it unique features. This enables many of the traditional physical conditions of production technology to be re-examined. My design proposal is a 3D printed chair designed by using Biomimicry and looking at the wasp. The wasp is chewing wood fibre and mixing it with saliva and then spits the mixture out in thin stripes and layer by layer building its nest, much in the same way as a 3D printer. As material i have proposed a filament based on nanocellulose witch is 100% biodegradible and because of its mechanical properties that are very similar to kevlar will allow physical freedom to the design.

The rapid air travel growth during the last three decades, has resulted in runway congestion at major airports. The current airports infrastructure will not be able to support the rapid growth trends expected in the next decade. Changes or upgrades in infrastructure alone would not be able to satisfy the growth requirements, and new airplane concepts such as the NASA proposed Super Short Takeo and Landing and Extremely Short Takeo and Landing (ESTOL) are being vigorously pursued. Aircraft noise pollution during Takeoff and Landing is another serious concern and efforts are aimed to reduce the airframe noise produced by Conventional High Lift Devices during Takeoff and Landing. Circulation control technology has the prospect of being a good alternative to resolve both the aforesaid issues. Circulation control airfoils are not only capable of producing very high values of lift (Cl values in excess of 8.0) at zero degree angle of attack, but also eliminate the noise generated by the conventional high lift devices and their associated weight penalty as well as their complex operation and storage. This will ensure not only satisfying the small takeoff and landing distances, but minimal acoustic signature in accordance with FAA requirements. The Circulation Control relies on the tendency of an emanating wall jet to independently control the circulation and lift on an airfoil. Unlike, conventional airfoil where rear stagnation point is located at the sharp trailing edge, circulation control airfoils possess a round trailing edge, therefore the rear stagnation point is free to move. The location of rear stagnation point is controlled by the blown jet momentum. This provides a secondary control in the form of jet momentum with which the lift generated can be controlled rather the only available control of incidence (angle of attack) in case of conventional airfoils. The use of Circulation control despite its promising potential has been limited only to research applications due to the lack of a simple prediction capability. This research effort was focused on the creation of a rapid prediction capability of Circulation Control Aerodynamic Characteristics which could help designers with rapid performance estimates for design space exploration. A morphological matrix was created with the available set of options which could be chosen to create this prediction capability starting with purely analytical physics based modeling to high fidelity CFD codes. Based on the available constraints, and desired accuracy metamodels has been created around the two dimensional circulation control performance results computed using Navier Stokes Equations (Computational Fluid Dynamics). DSS2, a two dimensional RANS code written by Professor Lakshmi Sankar was utilized for circulation control airfoil characteristics. The CFD code was first applied to the NCCR 1510-7607N airfoil to validate the model with available experimental results. It was then applied to compute the results of a fractional factorial design of experiments array. Metamodels were formulated using the neural networks to the results obtained from the Design of Experiments. Additional validation runs were performed to validate the model predictions. Metamodels are not only capable of rapid performance prediction, but also help generate the relation trends of response matrices with control variables and capture the complex interactions between control variables. Quantitative as well as qualitative assessments of results were performed by computation of aerodynamic forces and moments and flow field visualizations. Wing characteristics in three dimensions were obtained by integration over the whole wing using Prandtl's Wing Theory. The baseline Super STOL configuration was then analyzed with the application of circulation control technology. The desired values of lift and drag to achieve the target values of Takeoff and Landing performance were compared with the optimal configurations obtained by the model. The same optimal configurations were then subjected to Super STOL cruise conditions to perform a tradeoff analysis between Takeoff and Cruise Performance. Supercritical airfoils modified for circulation control were also thoroughly analyzed for Takeoff and Cruise performance and may constitute a viable option for Super STOL and STOL Designs. The prediction capability produced by this research effort can be integrated with the current conceptual aircraft modeling and simulation framework. The prediction tool is applicable within the selected ranges of each variable, but methodology and formulation scheme adopted can be applied to any other design space exploration.

This is a dissertation for a Bachelor Degree Project at the University of Skövde. The project is carried out in cooperation with the company Kinnarps AB. The objective of this project was to develop a new chair for café and lunch rooms, which should satisfy the markets expectations and demands and match Kinnarps AB’s assortment today. The project has contained everything from identification of user and customer needs and requirements to evaluation and building of a prototype. The result is a chair with a frame of tubular steel and there is nothing like it in Kinnarps AB’s assortment today. The chair has a frame of tubular steel and separate seat and backrest, just like the chairs Jig and Tango as it is intended to replace. The chair’s extraordinary characteristics are that the shape of the backrest enables a good grip and the motion which encourages variation in sitting postures. The motion is new for this kind of chair both in Kinnarps AB’s assortment as well as on the market. The product development process is an iterative process which can be described with the activities: identification of customer requirements, product design specification, initiation of concept solutions, evaluation, embodiment design and detail design. Knowledge about the customer requirements and needs is fundamental to a successful product. The result of the market research showed that the new chair should be a comfortable and inviting chair which is lightweight and simple with a timeless design and organic shape. It also came to our knowledge that it is very important that the chair is stackable, possible to hang on a table and linkable. Different researchers’ literatures have been studied and an analysis has been made in SAMMIE to ensure that the chair has good ergonomics. This is a very important quality but often an unspoken requirement that is taken for granted. The result was carefully evaluated during and after the building of the prototype. Kinnarps AB will also make further analysis and quality tests. This project has hopefully resulted in a chair with good quality and a potential to participate in the competition on the market. / Den här rapporten behandlar ett examensarbete i integrerad produktutveckling. Examensarbetet har gjorts i samarbete med företaget Kinnarps AB. Uppdraget bestod i att utveckla en ny stol till café och lunchrum som ska möta marknadens förväntningar och krav samt passa in i Kinnarps AB:s sortiment. Under projektet har det förutom rena konstruktions- och designförslag gjorts alltifrån marknadsanalys för att få reda på marknadens och kundernas krav, kartläggning av och anpassning till produktion och validering med bl a framtagning av prototyp. Resultatet av arbetet är en stålrörsstol, vars like inte finns i Kinnarps AB:s sortiment idag. Stolen har ett underrede i bockat stålrör samt separat sits och rygg, precis som de befintliga stolarna, Jig och Tango, som den är tänkt att ersätta. Det som är speciellt med stolen och som urskiljer den från konkurrenternas stolar är den mycket greppvänliga ryggen och den sviktande rörelsen i ryggen. Den införda svikten är något nytt för den här typen av stolar och finns idag varken i Kinnarps AB:s sortiment eller ute på marknaden. Produktutvecklingsprocessen är en iterativ process som kan beskrivas med aktiviteterna: fastställande av kundkrav, kravspecifikation, konceptgenerering, utvärdering, förkroppsligande samt detaljdesign. Att veta vad marknaden vill ha eller behöver är en avgörande faktor för en lyckad produkt. Marknadsanalysen visade att den nya stolen bör vara en bekväm och inbjudande stol som är lätt och enkel med en tidlös design och organiska former. Att stolen ska vara möjlig att stapla, hänga upp och koppla ihop med andra stolar visade sig vara viktigt. Att stolen har bra ergonomi är viktigt, varför olika forskares verk studerats. För att ytterligare undersöka de ergonomiska aspekterna har en analys gjorts i programmet SAMMIE. För att göra en ordentlig uppföljning och utvärdering av resultatet togs det fram en prototyp. Det kommer även att göras en riskanalys och kvalitetstest i Kinnarps AB:s ackrediterade laboratorium. Förhoppningsvis har arbetet resulterat i en stol med hög kvalitet och som har god potential att synas i konkurrensen på marknaden.

Sitting with mobile devices In my major work I explore how people sit more hunched with a small screen in hand, despite the existence of ergonomic office chairs and other seating options. My question is if I can impact the user, and encourage them to obtain a better posture with the help of the armchairs rests, and in this way minimize the impact on the neck. As a designer I want to comment on, but also highlight our use of mobile devices by adapting the shape of the armchair to fit this need. / Ett sittande med mobila enheter I mitt examensarbete undersöker jag som designer hur människan sitter allt mer hopkrupet med en liten skärm i handen trots att det finns ergonomiska kontorsstolar och andra sittartefakter. Jag undrar om jag kan påverka användaren genom att hitta en ny form i karmstolens armstöd och på såsätt undvika eventuella låsningar och smärtor i nacke. Jag som designer vill kommentera, och även främja vårt användande av mobila enheter genom att förändra karmstolen så att armstöden passar vårt sittandet idag.

<p>This is a dissertation for a Bachelor Degree Project at the University of Skövde. The project is carried out in cooperation with the company Kinnarps AB.</p><p>The objective of this project was to develop a new chair for café and lunch rooms, which should satisfy the markets expectations and demands and match Kinnarps AB’s assortment today. The project has contained everything from identification of user and customer needs and requirements to evaluation and building of a prototype.</p><p>The result is a chair with a frame of tubular steel and there is nothing like it in Kinnarps AB’s assortment today. The chair has a frame of tubular steel and separate seat and backrest, just like the chairs Jig and Tango as it is intended to replace. The chair’s extraordinary characteristics are that the shape of the backrest enables a good grip and the motion which encourages variation in sitting postures. The motion is new for this kind of chair both in Kinnarps AB’s assortment as well as on the market.</p><p>The product development process is an iterative process which can be described with the activities: identification of customer requirements, product design specification, initiation of concept solutions, evaluation, embodiment design and detail design. Knowledge about the customer requirements and needs is fundamental to a successful product. The result of the market research showed that the new chair should be a comfortable and inviting chair which is lightweight and simple with a timeless design and organic shape. It also came to our knowledge that it is very important that the chair is stackable, possible to hang on a table and linkable.</p><p>Different researchers’ literatures have been studied and an analysis has been made in SAMMIE to ensure that the chair has good ergonomics. This is a very important quality but often an unspoken requirement that is taken for granted.</p><p>The result was carefully evaluated during and after the building of the prototype. Kinnarps AB will also make further analysis and quality tests.</p><p>This project has hopefully resulted in a chair with good quality and a potential to participate in the competition on the market.</p> / <p>Den här rapporten behandlar ett examensarbete i integrerad produktutveckling. Examensarbetet har gjorts i samarbete med företaget Kinnarps AB.</p><p>Uppdraget bestod i att utveckla en ny stol till café och lunchrum som ska möta marknadens förväntningar och krav samt passa in i Kinnarps AB:s sortiment. Under projektet har det förutom rena konstruktions- och designförslag gjorts alltifrån marknadsanalys för att få reda på marknadens och kundernas krav, kartläggning av och anpassning till produktion och validering med bl a framtagning av prototyp.</p><p>Resultatet av arbetet är en stålrörsstol, vars like inte finns i Kinnarps AB:s sortiment idag. Stolen har ett underrede i bockat stålrör samt separat sits och rygg, precis som de befintliga stolarna, Jig och Tango, som den är tänkt att ersätta. Det som är speciellt med stolen och som urskiljer den från konkurrenternas stolar är den mycket greppvänliga ryggen och den sviktande rörelsen i ryggen. Den införda svikten är något nytt för den här typen av stolar och finns idag varken i Kinnarps AB:s sortiment eller ute på marknaden.</p><p>Produktutvecklingsprocessen är en iterativ process som kan beskrivas med aktiviteterna: fastställande av kundkrav, kravspecifikation, konceptgenerering, utvärdering, förkroppsligande samt detaljdesign. Att veta vad marknaden vill ha eller behöver är en avgörande faktor för en lyckad produkt. Marknadsanalysen visade att den nya stolen bör vara en bekväm och inbjudande stol som är lätt och enkel med en tidlös design och organiska former. Att stolen ska vara möjlig att stapla, hänga upp och koppla ihop med andra stolar visade sig vara viktigt.</p><p>Att stolen har bra ergonomi är viktigt, varför olika forskares verk studerats. För att ytterligare undersöka de ergonomiska aspekterna har en analys gjorts i programmet SAMMIE.</p><p>För att göra en ordentlig uppföljning och utvärdering av resultatet togs det fram en prototyp. Det kommer även att göras en riskanalys och kvalitetstest i Kinnarps AB:s ackrediterade laboratorium.</p><p>Förhoppningsvis har arbetet resulterat i en stol med hög kvalitet och som har god potential att synas i konkurrensen på marknaden.</p>