[Truncated abstract]This thesis investigates aspects of urban stormwater modeling and uses a small urban catchment (NE38) located in the suburb of Nedlands in Perth, Western Australia to do so. The MUSIC (Model for Urban Stormwater Improvement Conceptualisation) model was used to calibrate catchment NE38 using measured stormwater flows and rainfall data from within the catchment. MUSIC is a conceptual model designed to model stormwater flows within urban environments and uses a rainfall-runoff model adapted to generate results at six minute time steps. Various catchment scenarios, including the use of porous asphalt as an alternative road surface, were applied to the calibrated model to identify effective working stormwater disposal systems that differ from the current system. Calibrating catchment NE38 using the MUSIC model was attempted and this involved matching modeled stormwater flows to stormwater flows measured at the catchment drainage point. This was achieved by measuring runoff contributing areas (roads) together with rainfall data measured from within the catchment and altering the seepage constant parameter for all roadside infiltration sumps. ... The MUSIC model generated future scenario outcomes for alternative stormwater disposal systems that displayed similar or improved levels of performance with respect to the current system. The following scenarios listed in increasing order of effectiveness outline future stormwater disposal systems that may be considered in future urban design. 1. 35% porous asphalt application with no sumps in 2036 2. 35% porous asphalt application with no sumps in 2064 3. 68% porous asphalt application with no sumps in 2036 4. 68% porous asphalt application with no sumps in 2064. Future scenarios using the current stormwater disposal system (with roadside infiltration sumps) with porous asphalt were also run. These scenarios reduced stormwater runoff and contaminant loading on the catchment drainage point however the inclusion of a roadside infiltration sump system may not appeal to urban designers due to the costs involved with this scenario. Climate change will affect the design of future stormwater disposal systems and thus, the design of these systems must consider a rainfall reducing future. Based on the findings of this thesis, current stormwater runoff volumes entering catchment drainage points can be reduced together with contaminant loads in urban environments that incorporate porous asphalt with a stormwater disposal design system that is exclusive of roadside infiltration sumps.

Impervious surfaces such as roads, sidewalks, and roofs increase the volume of runoff generated in a watershed. Traditional stormwater management techniques emphasize conveyance of runoff away from impervious surfaces in order to reduce flooding. Rain gardens are becoming popular as a different means to manage stormwater in such a way that runoff is captured and infiltrated onsite rather than conveyed offsite. A stormwater management system consisting of a rainwater harvest system, rain garden, and infiltration chamber was built at the Coca-Cola Refreshments USA, Inc. distribution center in Lexington, Kentucky during the fall of 2011. Precipitation, inflow, and water level were measured from May, 2012 to April, 2013 to evaluate the hydrologic performance of the rain garden. The rain garden had a high infiltrative capability and was able to capture and infiltrate 100% of the runoff generated during the study period. The results of the study were used to formulate recommendations for rain garden design and construction in central Kentucky.

There are several aspects which need to be considered while planning a building to achieve sustainable environment for people's well-being. One of the significant aspects is social sustainability which is largely about promoting everyone regardless of the circumstances. In a socially sustainable city, there should be access to meeting places to improve social life. The Park Paradiset and the Broparken in Vallastaden were designed to improve socializing between people. The parks in this work are examined based on social aspects; interaction and identity. In addition, a park should be designed based on different aspects to suit different people. This work considers aspects such as recreation/ leisure, cultural identity, accessibility and safety. Beyond these aspects, the stormwater management in the parks is also studied. These studies were conducted with systematic literature studies, site visits, survey and qualitative interviews. A site visit was in Vallastaden, where the authors explored the district and handed out survey to the resident. The interview for the Park Paradise was conducted with Ulrika Gunnman from White Arkitekter and the interview for the Broparken was conducted with Lina Moström from 02landskap. The result shows that the architects worked differently to achieve the social aspects. It can be concluded that Park Paradiset fulfills the aspects better than the Broparken based on survey results, site visits and the interviews. The results further show that the stormwater management for the parks consists of open systems. Open systems have even been current in the Park Paradiset. The open ditches in the park leads the water in the transverse dikes to a longitudinal dike. It can be concluded that the architects utilized stormwater management better in Broparken compared to the Park Paradiset, when the architects transformed the ordinary ditch into something attractive and gave the park a character.

The research programme was relevant to urban planning and in particular to the design of stormwater management schemes that are more environmentally and socially acceptable. It examined social and perception issues relating to stormwater management techniques within residential areas, and in particular to the application of SUDS, mainly ponds, and river management schemes. The thesis arose from a project funded by the Environment Agency of England and Wales through SNIFFER under a programme titled “Social impacts o f stormwater management techniques including river management and SUDS”, SNIFFER Code: SUDS01. The public perception of construction is becoming a matter of increasing importance both in the UK and internationally since socio-economic parameters and public consultation both have to be taken into consideration in the planning and implementation of relevant projects. This research programme endeavoured to match the relevant legislative goals with society’s actual needs. The main aims of the research programme were to obtain an in-depth understanding and knowledge of the perceptions of popular stormwater management practices (SUDS and river management), and to evaluate these techniques from a social perspective. To satisfy these aims the following objectives were set: • To assess public awareness and perceptions of SUDS (particularly retention ponds) in the UK; • To assess professional perceptions of SUDS in the UK; • To assess perceptions of different stormwater management techniques, in three European cities; • To compare perceptions of different stormwater management techniques, SUDS and river management practices; • To link the research findings with trends in perceptions of nature and water. To meet the programme’s aims and to satisfy the objectives, the perceptions of SUDS in the UK (principally ponds) were investigated over a wide range of locations. In addition, the different river management approaches used in three heavily urbanised European cities, Glasgow, London, and Athens were investigated. The results of this research programme provide a means to understand perceptions of stormwater management and to appreciate what types of schemes will be more readily accepted by the public. The research has shown that members of the public hold strong views as to what they like or dislike about SUDS and water management installations in their local area, in spite of the fact that there were demonstrably low levels of public awareness of SUDS. The amenity, recreational value and aesthetics of new schemes seem to be of major importance for public acceptability, while function, efficiency, and maintenance are primarily important in areas facing flooding problems. Other key findings include the fact that there is a general preference for sustainable urban water management and for river restoration schemes compared with more conventional, ‘hard engineering’ approaches, such as culverting of rivers. This preference was expressed both by members of the public and by professionals involved in their planning and implementation. Another important result was that although unfamiliarity can produce negativity, education can influence attitudes positively even in sensitive issues such as safety, and can be used by authorities and planners as a means of enhancing the acceptability of new schemes. Consequently, the results of the surveys can be used as arguments towards the application of informative campaigns which should be taken into account prior to scheme implementation. This information can be utilised not only for stormwater management design, but also for other environmentally friendly constructions which the public may have a low level of awareness. Recommendations are made with respect to public and professional attitudes for improving the public acceptability of new and modified stormwater management systems. Recommendations and barriers to the uptake outlined in this thesis mainly refer to the appearance of schemes rather than technical issues. They are therefore of most use as guidance for improving aesthetics and increasing public acceptability. The outcomes of this research will be of use to policy makers, water companies, local authorities, environment agencies, planners, developers, consultants active in urban development, and researchers in applying wider-accepted practices for the assessment of public perception. Some findings from this research have been presented at several stakeholders’ meetings, at 4 conferences, and are published in the form of papers and reports, including the DTI SR 622 report titled “An Assessment of the Social Impacts of Sustainable Drainage Systems in the UK”, and the Environment Agency & SNIFFER report, SUDS01, 2005, titled “Social Impacts of stormwater management techniques including river management and SUDS”. This publication also constitutes Environment Agency R&D Technical report P2-258.

abstract: Vegetative filter strips (VFS) are an effective methodology used for storm water management particularly for large urban parking lots. An optimization model for the design of vegetative filter strips that minimizes the amount of land required for stormwater management using the VFS is developed in this study. The resulting optimization model is based upon the kinematic wave equation for overland sheet flow along with equations defining the cumulative infiltration and infiltration rate. In addition to the stormwater management function, Vegetative filter strips (VFS) are effective mechanisms for control of sediment flow and soil erosion from agricultural and urban lands. Erosion is a major problem associated with areas subjected to high runoffs or steep slopes across the globe. In order to effect economy in the design of grass filter strips as a mechanism for sediment control & stormwater management, an optimization model is required that minimizes the land requirements for the VFS. The optimization model presented in this study includes an intricate system of equations including the equations defining the sheet flow on the paved and grassed area combined with the equations defining the sediment transport over the vegetative filter strip using a non-linear programming optimization model. In this study, the optimization model has been applied using a sensitivity analysis of parameters such as different soil types, rainfall characteristics etc., performed to validate the model / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Civil and Environmental Engineering 2015

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:03:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LeoneteCAF.pdf: 2381464 bytes, checksum: b8b649d6580da5fa31a3ad86cfc9eb5c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-10-02 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / The urban drainage is one of the powers of environmental sanitation and its scope is the quantitative and qualitative aspects. In decision making of managers and the engineering aspects of design are almost always taken into account only the quantitative aspects. However, the waters of the runoff have the highest concentrations of pollutants at the beginning of precipitation. Thus, if the plot pollution removed, the remaining portion can be used for other purposes. This work has aimed to present the variation of water quality of two drainage basins in the city of Natal / RN-Brazil to support the implementation of drainage to consider the qualitative aspect, and identify potential for the use of water. The basins (M and C) are analyzed closed-type, are in the urban area, are predominantly residential occupation and its waters are used for detention ponds and infiltration. The samples were divided into three phases, the first two direct to final points in a basin and the third in traps distributed over the surface drainage. The parameters had been analyzed were pH, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, Color, Turbidity, COD, Ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, total phosphorus, orthophosphate, Sediments solids, total solids, chloride, sulfate, alkalinity, calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, Heavy Metals (Chromium, Cadmium, Lead, Zinc and Copper), Eschichia coli and total coliforms. The parameters studied showed high initial pollution load, events and located in different proportions, except nitrite, heavy metals and biological indicators. The size of the surface drainage and topographic its features influence the quality of water. However, the form of sampling is crucial in the qualitative study in the basin. The samplers developed at work, were generated economic and representative results. The urban rainwater presents organic faecal indicators. The runoff of water from both basins shows no risk of salinity and sodicity for use in irrigation, should be noted the content of chloride in the choice of method of irrigation / A drenagem urbana ? uma das compet?ncias do saneamento ambiental e em seu escopo est?o os aspectos quantitativos e qualitativos. Na tomada de decis?o dos gestores e nos aspectos de projeto de engenharia, s?o levados em considera??o quase sempre somente os aspectos quantitativos. No entanto, as ?guas do escoamento superficial possuem as maiores concentra??es de poluentes no in?cio da precipita??o. Desta forma, caso seja removida a parcela poluidora, a parcela restante pode ser aproveitada para outros fins. Este trabalho tem com objetivo apresentar a varia??o da qualidade da ?gua de duas bacias de drenagem na cidade de Natal/RN-Brasil de modo a subsidiar a aplica??o de pr?ticas de drenagem que considerem o aspecto qualitativo, bem como identificar potencial para o uso dessas ?guas. As bacias (M e C) analisadas s?o do tipo fechadas, se encontram na ?rea urbana, possuem ocupa??o predominantemente residencial e suas ?guas s?o destinadas para lagoas de deten??o e infiltra??o. As coletas foram divididas em tr?s fases, as duas primeiras diretas no exut?rio de uma das bacias e a terceira, em coletores distribu?dos ao longo sua superf?cie de drenagem. Foram analisados os par?metros de pH, Condutividade El?trica, Oxig?nio Dissolvido, Cor, Turbidez, DQO, Am?nia, Nitrito, Nitrato, F?sforo Total, Ortofosfato, S?lidos Sediment?veis, S?lidos totais, Cloretos, Sulfatos, Alcalinidade, C?lcio, Magn?sio, S?dio, Pot?ssio, Metais Pesados (Cromo, C?dmio, Chumbo, Zinco e Cobre), Eschichia coli e Coliformes Totais. Os par?metros estudados apresentaram elevada carga poluidora inicial, em eventos localizados e com propor??es diferentes, exceto nitrito, os metais e os indicadores biol?gicos. A dimens?o da superf?cie de drenagem e suas caracter?sticas topogr?ficas influenciam na qualidade da ?gua. Contudo, a forma de amostragem ? decisiva na caracteriza??o qualitativa da bacia em estudo. Os amostradores desenvolvidos durante o trabalho apresentaram-se econ?micos e geraram resultados representativos. As ?guas pluviais urbanas apresentam indicadores biol?gicos fecais. A ?gua do escoamento superficial de ambas as bacias n?o apresenta risco de salinidade e sodicidade para uso em irriga??o, devendo ser observado o teor de cloreto na escolha do m?todo de irriga??o

Dagvattnet från Märsta är belastat med bland annat tungmetaller och näringsämnen. Vattnet hamnar i Märstaån och transporteras vidare ut till Mälaren. Steningedalens våtmark är ett dammsystem som renar och fördröjer en del av Märstaåns flöde före transport ut mot Mälaren.   Syftet med detta självständiga arbete på kandidatnivå har varit att undersöka anläggningens reningsfunktion med hjälp av sedimentprovtagning. Sedimentprover har tagits vid in- och utloppet och en kemisk analys av dessa har utförts i ett ackrediterat laboratorium. Resultaten från in- och utloppet har jämförts för att se om det sker en minskning av föroreningar genom systemet. Fem sedimentfällor har placerats ut i delar av dammsystemet för att undersöka sedimentfördelningen och muddringsbehovet i anläggningen. Resultatet av studien visade att dammsystemet har en god vattenreningsfunktion med avseende på tungmetallerna bly, nickel, kadmium, krom, koppar och zink samt näringsämnet fosfor. Anläggningen har bedömts att vara i behov av muddring. / In Märsta, the storm water is contaminated with heavy metals and nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) among other pollutants. The water emits to the river Märstaån and further to the lake Mälaren. The wetland of Steningedalen is a pond system that delays part of the stream in Märstaån and purifies the water on its way through the system. This independent project is based on investigation of the purification functioning at Steningedalen wetland. The investigation has been done by sediment sampling and analysis. The samples were taken from the inlet and the outlet of the pond system. Chemical analysis has been made on these samples in an accredited laboratory. The results were compared in order to see if there is a trend through the system. Five sediment traps were placed in parts of the system to study the distribution of the sediment and the need of dredging. The results of the study have concluded that the stormwater pond system has a good water purification function with regard to heavy metals lead, nickel, cadmium, chromium, copper and and zinc aswell as the nutrient phosphorous. The study has also shown that the system is in need of dredging.

Les travaux décrits dans le présent rapport concernent l’étude d’un ouvrage de traitement en ligne des eaux pluviales issues d’un bassin versant fortement urbanisé. L’ouvrage Charles Keller, d’une capacité de 7000 m3, est conçu pour traiter les eaux pluviales issues du bassin versant de Boudonville, situé dans la Communauté Urbaine du Grand Nancy. L’ouvrage est installé à l’exutoire de bassin versant en aval d’autres ouvrages de stockage temporaires. Les eaux traitées par l’ouvrage Charles Keller sont ensuite renvoyées vers la Meurthe et les boues produites sont traitées au niveau de la station d’épuration du Grand Nancy à Maxéville. La stratégie adoptée dans ce travail a permis de d’aborder l’ouvrage sous plusieurs angles : 1) d’abord l’étude de l’ouvrage seul en se focalisant sur l’ensemble de ses composantes unitaires (dessableurs, chambre d’injection des réactifs, réacteurs et décanteurs) ; 2) la partie physico-chimique (non opérationnelle jusqu’à présent) a fait l’objet de plusieurs compagnes d’analyse à travers les essais en Jar test effectués au laboratoire sur des eaux issues du bassin versant de Boudonville dont les caractéristiques couvrent toute la gamme que l’ouvrage Charles Keller peut traiter ; 3) ensuite l’ouvrage a été resitué dans l’ensemble du système de gestion des eaux pluviales (bassin versant - ouvrage Charles Keller - station d’épuration) et son fonctionnement simulé. Plusieurs configurations ont été testées pour reproduire les conditions réelles de fonctionnement de l’ouvrage. Les résultats obtenus ont montré d’abord la complexité de faire fonctionner dans la pratique un tel ouvrage, notamment avec sa partie coagulation/floculation mais a fait également ressortir des défauts de conception. / An online urban storm-water treatment system has been studied in this work. This system is able to treat the runoff from a highly impervious watershed (Boudonville) in Greater Nancy (North-East of France). It has a capacity of 7000 cubic meters. Some storage tanks are existing in the watershed. The treated water is discharged into the Meurthe River, while the sludge is treated in the Greater Nancy wastewater treatment plant in Maxéville.The strategy adopted in this work allowed for the consideration of the treat ment system from several angles:• first of all, the system is analyzed through its elementary components (sand removal unit, reagents injection and reactors for flocculation-coagulation and clarifiers): this has been done by observing the variations in water quality at the different treatment levels with online instrumentation. This has been completed with an offline characterization.• the flocculation-coagulation section, which was not yet operational during our work, was studied in the laboratory by jar tests. The water to be treated was sampled from the Boudonville watershed to be close to the conditions that should be observed in the Charles Keller treatment system.• finally the stormwater treatment was simulated as part of a full storm-water management system (watershed-Charles Keller treatment system-wastewater treatment plant).• The results that were obtained showed in the one hand the complexity of using such a treatment system in real-life conditions, especially with a coagulation / flocculation part to it, which has some conceptual issues.

The introduction of sustainable stormwater management in society has proved complex. Most cities do not operate jointly planned and owned stormwater facilities and institutional barriers have proved difficult to overcome. Experience from a Swedish project where extensive changes were made in the Augustenborg area in Malmö shows that it takes many years to overcome institutional obstacles when a society undergoes transformation.   Major part of research is still based on engineering and technical function although the social perspective is of great importance for the functioning of sustainable stormwater management. In-depth knowledge is needed about sustainable stormwater management and its connection with composition of population and socio-economic conditions. Research needs to be done on how information campaigns and cooperation are best designed to simplify planning, construction, and maintenance of stormwater facilities.

This thesis addresses plumbing systems for manufacturing building. The theoretical part explores ways of draining stormwater. Experimental part is measuring consumption of water. Project part solves plumbing systems in specified manufacturing building.