Individual donors are an important source of revenue for nonprofit organizations. However, there is limited information on the attraction and retention of individual donors in nonprofit organizations. This single-case study addressed strategies 3 nonprofit leaders in the Northeast United States use to attract and retain individual donors. The conceptual framework was Kaplan and Norton's strategy map and the 2015-2016 Baldrige Excellence Framework used to evaluate organizational performance. Data collection included semistructured interviews; review of company documents; analysis of data available via GuideStar, an online provider of information on U.S. nonprofit organizations; analysis of data available about U.S. agencies; and review of data and information from other publicly available sources with information on nonprofit organizations. Data analysis included coding of collected data and use of thematic analysis. Four themes emerged from the study: strength in fundraising processes, operational alignment of strategy, opportunities in documentation of processes, and systematic evaluation of programs' effectiveness and organizational learning. Findings may assist nonprofit leaders in aligning organizational strategies with key processes and focusing efforts on the achievement of organizational goals. Nonprofit leaders may use the results to improve access to funds from individual donors and to create valuable community services such as increased access to schools and affordable housing in underserved urban areas.

Recently years, TFT-LCD industry has become the major development policy in Taiwan, and the scale of investment of the TFT-LCD¡¦s industry has become more and more in Taiwan, Japan and Korea. The Profit of the TFT-LCD monitor and television industry has been compressed very seriously to injure the chance and cost advantage of the second-string companies to run above business. Hence, this research is focused on a case of a TFT-LCD company termed ¡§A company¡¨ owns two old generation factories, and uses the strategy theories of scenario analysis, competition advantage, five forces analysis, resource-based view, value chain and so on and strategy tools of strategy map and balanced scorecard to analyze and find out the transformation strategy of the case of the ¡§A company¡¨ to build up the best competition advantage. To realize the competition status of outside and internal environment of TFT-LCD industry, and the resources base of the case of ¡§A company¡¨ in Taiwan, and the development situation using scenario analysis in order to define the direction of the operation strategy of the case of ¡§A company¡¨ that owns two third generation factories. The result is using strategy development tools of strategy map, balanced scorecard, key performance indicator management to develop the execution plan and performance measure indicators of the transformation strategy.

¡@¡@Business strategy may lead the organization and people to achieve the strategy goals and let the stakeholder know the reason why the organization exists and the motive why people fight for missions. Therefore, business strategy management should be able to describe the business strategy clearly in order to assist to consolidate each point of view and enable business strategy achieve synergy effects. ¡@¡@The strategy map, adopting word, graphic and process languages, is used to describe the business strategy. However, the implementation and consolidation of these languages have problems that they cannot integrate business organization¡¦s ¡§Structure View¡¨ and ¡§Process View¡¨ together. ¡@¡@This research uses Strategy Architectural Description Language (SADL) to construct an Business Strategy Architecture-Oriented Integrated Model (BSAOIM) which utilizes the ¡§Union of Structure View and Process View¡¨ to enhance the insufficient description capability of the strategy map. ¡@¡@The result of the study shows that BSAOIM is from the huge view to the microcosmic, from whole to some merger strategy thinking. By SADL to consolidate business exclusive Strategy Architectural Diagram (SAD), The SAD integrates organizational structure and business process closely and provides various points of views to transform implicit into explicit knowledge, which is a paramount description tool that can transform the abstract concept into real system and enable the organization and people, under the instruction of strategy, implement strategies successfully.

O presente estudo tem como objetivo analisar os impactos da utilização da Dinâmica de Sistemas na elaboração do mapa estratégico do Balanced Scorecard em organizações públicas de saúde. Dois objetivos específicos suportam o alcance deste objetivo geral. O primeiro objetivo específico busca elaborar o mapa estratégico do Balanced Scorecard utilizando a Dinâmica de Sistemas para uma organização pública de saúde. O segundo objetivo específico busca comparar a visão do mapa estratégico tradicional com a visão proporcionada pelo mapa estratégico dinâmico. A metodologia utilizada para a coleta de dados foi o grupo de foco e a presente pesquisa está classificada conforme a tipologia proposta por Raupp e Beuren (2003). Quanto aos objetivos, quanto aos procedimentos e quanto à abordagem do problema. Quanto aos objetivos o presente estudo pode ser classificado como exploratório. Quanto aos procedimentos, esta pesquisa é classificada como bibliográfica e também como pesquisa participante, pois há interação entre pesquisador e pesquisado. E, quanto à abordagem do problema este estudo é classificado como qualitativo. Inicialmente foi elaborado um modelo conceitual de mapa estratégico de um hospital privado. Este modelo foi apresentado a um gestor com vasta experiência em gestão de hospitais universitários públicos. Com base nos dados coletados este modelo conceitual inicial foi modificado e transformado em um mapa estratégico dinâmico de um hospital universitário público. Este mapa estratégico dinâmico foi comparado com um mapa tradicional e desta comparação concluiu-se que a Dinâmica de Sistemas pode construir modelos de mapas estratégicos muito mais corretos e elaborados do que aqueles construídos pela metodologia tradicional e ainda apresentar outras ferramentas potentes para a gestão estratégica de hospitais universitários públicos. / The present study aims to analyze the impacts of the use of System Dynamics in the development of the strategy map of the Balanced Scorecard in public health organizations. Two specific objectives support the achievement of this overall objective. The first specific objective seeks to elaborate the strategy map of the Balanced Scorecard using System Dynamics for a public health organization. The second specific objective seeks to compare the traditional strategy map view with the view provided by the dynamic strategy map. The methodology used to collect data was the focus group and this research is classified according to the tipology proposed by Raupp and Beuren (2003) by the objectives, by the procedures and by the approach of the problem. By the objectives the present study can be classified as exploratory. By the procedures this research is classified as a literature and participatory research, because there is interaction between researcher and researched. And, by the approach of the problem this study is classified as qualitative. Initially a conceptual model of a private hospital strategy map was designed. This model was presented to a manager with extensive experience in public university hospitals management. Based on the data collected this initial conceptual model was modified an transformed into a dynamic strategy map for a public university hospital. This dynamic strategy map was compared to a traditional map and by this comparison was concluded that System Dynamics can build models of strategy maps much more accurate and elaborated than those built by the traditional method and still present other powerful tools for strategic management of public university hospitals.

O presente estudo tem como objetivo analisar os impactos da utilização da Dinâmica de Sistemas na elaboração do mapa estratégico do Balanced Scorecard em organizações públicas de saúde. Dois objetivos específicos suportam o alcance deste objetivo geral. O primeiro objetivo específico busca elaborar o mapa estratégico do Balanced Scorecard utilizando a Dinâmica de Sistemas para uma organização pública de saúde. O segundo objetivo específico busca comparar a visão do mapa estratégico tradicional com a visão proporcionada pelo mapa estratégico dinâmico. A metodologia utilizada para a coleta de dados foi o grupo de foco e a presente pesquisa está classificada conforme a tipologia proposta por Raupp e Beuren (2003). Quanto aos objetivos, quanto aos procedimentos e quanto à abordagem do problema. Quanto aos objetivos o presente estudo pode ser classificado como exploratório. Quanto aos procedimentos, esta pesquisa é classificada como bibliográfica e também como pesquisa participante, pois há interação entre pesquisador e pesquisado. E, quanto à abordagem do problema este estudo é classificado como qualitativo. Inicialmente foi elaborado um modelo conceitual de mapa estratégico de um hospital privado. Este modelo foi apresentado a um gestor com vasta experiência em gestão de hospitais universitários públicos. Com base nos dados coletados este modelo conceitual inicial foi modificado e transformado em um mapa estratégico dinâmico de um hospital universitário público. Este mapa estratégico dinâmico foi comparado com um mapa tradicional e desta comparação concluiu-se que a Dinâmica de Sistemas pode construir modelos de mapas estratégicos muito mais corretos e elaborados do que aqueles construídos pela metodologia tradicional e ainda apresentar outras ferramentas potentes para a gestão estratégica de hospitais universitários públicos. / The present study aims to analyze the impacts of the use of System Dynamics in the development of the strategy map of the Balanced Scorecard in public health organizations. Two specific objectives support the achievement of this overall objective. The first specific objective seeks to elaborate the strategy map of the Balanced Scorecard using System Dynamics for a public health organization. The second specific objective seeks to compare the traditional strategy map view with the view provided by the dynamic strategy map. The methodology used to collect data was the focus group and this research is classified according to the tipology proposed by Raupp and Beuren (2003) by the objectives, by the procedures and by the approach of the problem. By the objectives the present study can be classified as exploratory. By the procedures this research is classified as a literature and participatory research, because there is interaction between researcher and researched. And, by the approach of the problem this study is classified as qualitative. Initially a conceptual model of a private hospital strategy map was designed. This model was presented to a manager with extensive experience in public university hospitals management. Based on the data collected this initial conceptual model was modified an transformed into a dynamic strategy map for a public university hospital. This dynamic strategy map was compared to a traditional map and by this comparison was concluded that System Dynamics can build models of strategy maps much more accurate and elaborated than those built by the traditional method and still present other powerful tools for strategic management of public university hospitals.

This thesis deals with corporate management and measurement of strategic business performance. The main object of this thesis is to design a system for strategic management of service organization and try to apply this model in environment of chosen service. Balanced Scorecard methodology was used to achieve this objective and the metric model and strategy map of service organization is based on its principles. The first part of the thesis is aimed at theoretical aspects of corporate management and measurement of strategic business performance, so it focused on Balanced Scorecard, Business Intelligence and Corporate performance management. This part provides theoretical framework for the next part of this thesis. The next part deals with applicability of theoretical concepts at chosen service company. The objective was to implement some metrics originating from the previously constructed metric model using Business Intelligence. The outputs of this part are metric model depicted in the form of strategy map and management reports in form of graphs and tables that monitor the business performance through chosen metrics.

Thesis is focused on evaluating the performance of using the Balanced Scorecard. The theoretical part describes the basis of performance measurement, Balanced Scorecard method and the procedure for implementation. The analytical part is based on the theoretical findings from the first part of the situation and analysis of financial ratios, strategic analysis and subsequent drawing up the proposal for implementation of Balanced Scorecard in a particular society.

As with many new technology implementations before, Business Intelligence (BI) implementations have come under scrutiny in terms of the value added to organisations. The latest academic research uses various different ‘traditional financial methods’ such as the Return on Investment (ROI) calculations to determine the value of investments. In some instances customized measurement tools are proposed as a result of empirical studies conducted. The main objective of this study is to perform qualitative investigation on the theoretical value of BI implementations in organisations. If it is assumed that BI does add value to organisations, the primary research question aims to investigate how this value is added. A balanced scorecard second generation approach is used as theoretical framework in order to address the question. This approach is also known as strategy mapping. The research process starts with an extensive literature review on the topic of BI value evaluations and BI related balanced scorecards and strategy maps. As a result, various theoretical and practical research contributions are produced. One of the theoretical contributions includes an inventory of previous academic literature on the topic of BI value evaluations. This inventory is also presented diagrammatically. A preliminary version of the BI balanced scorecard is developed and used as foundation for a semi-structured interview template to investigate the value of BI in organisations.\ The semi-structured interview template was used as primary data generation instrument to gather data for this multiple-case study project. Four organisations participated in the study. The data obtained from the study was analysed and presented using an updated version of the theoretical framework of the study and was labelled as the intermediate version of the scorecard. The intermediate version of the BI balanced scorecard provided valuable input towards investigating how value was achieved as a result of BI implementations. These results were verified as part of a final verification process through a consultation process with the same study participants. A final version of the BI balanced scorecard is presented and included in a complete BI value solution. This version of the balanced scorecard is also a valuable practical contribution of the study. The verified results of the investigation indicated the following:- (1) BI adds value to organisations in all four perspectives of the organisation, namely the business value perspective, user orientation perspective, operational excellence perspective as well as the future orientation perspective. (2) Furthermore, the study confirmed that BI adds value to organisations through a number of benefits including an increase in sales and compliance to regulatory requirements (to name a few). (3) However, the study also indicated that value-related studies must adopt a holistic approach in an attempt to cater for the many facets of the topic. (4) Despite the challenge of implementing BI in organisations, the perceived value of BI implementations amongst senior management remained positive. This was supported by the continuous implementation of new BI projects in organisations. (5) There was a definite relationship between BI implementations and organisational performance. This is evident through the positive impact on sales figures, risk and compliance management and operational management. The study contributes to the broader field of Information Systems (IS) in numerous ways. Firstly the research discovers gaps in existing research, then proposes a method to investigate the research question as a result of the gaps identified, and -iiiuses this method as a tool to investigate the problem. The main contribution of the study is to contribute to the body of knowledge by investigating the value of business intelligence to organisations. / College of Engineering, Science & Technology / D. Litt et. Phil. (Information Systems)

2001年「美國九一一事件」後，國際組織多次提高航空保安標準，機場安檢措施愈趨嚴格。處在國際反恐情勢中，航空警察局要接受嚴峻的挑戰，但也同時面臨財政收支、組織員額、員警升遷等困境。如何運用有限資源，提升機場安檢功能，是航空警察局當前重要課題。 　　平衡計分卡在1992年首先由Robert S. Kaplan and David P. Norton提出後，即受到各界矚目。它具有：策略管理、溝通告知、學習回饋和績效衡量等特性，可以協助組織彌合策略規劃與策略實施之間的斷層，使策略的執行更為成功，為組織創造綜效。 　　本文主要運用深度訪談法，以瞭解航空警察局主管對安檢工作的期待，分析詮釋機場安檢策略性目標，據以建構出境安檢策略地圖，並導入平衡計分卡。藉由平衡計分卡策略管理工具，運用其整合組織資源和聚焦關鍵性成功因素的功能，發揮策略執行力，提升機場出境安檢綜效。 　　研究發現航空警察局主管對平衡計分卡大多相當陌生，學術界對其認知似有誤解。安全和便民是可以兼顧的，航空警察局今後值得努力的方向，包括：充裕和彈性運用的財務、可靠的儀器與合理的作業、員警升遷有望和專業素養。平衡計分卡可以整合行政機關，做為行政機關和民意機關溝通的橋樑。 　　關於值得後續研究的內容，包括：機場安檢相關的工作、機場安檢執行權責歸屬、和機場安檢有關的因素、檢查時機的界定、安檢工作和其他檢查項目的釐清、出境安檢平衡計分卡其他構成要件等。 / International Civil Aviation Organization has been overtly modified the standard of the airport screening several times since the wake of the 11 September 2001 Tragedy (also known as 911 accident). Ever since almost all airports’ authorities take more harsh measures to tighten up their security check. At the trend of antiterrorism, the Aviation Police Office currently faces not only tough challenges from outside but also some inner dilemmas such as budget deficit, organization renovation and understaffed, promotion, to name just a few. Under such difficult situation, how to utilize the finite sources to obtain the maximum performance of screening should be the top priority concern for the Aviation Police Office. It has been the cynosure in all circles of world since Robert S. Kaplan and David P. Norton introduced the Balanced Scorecard in 1992. The contains of the Balanced Scorecard is composed of strategy management, notice of communication, feedback of learning, and evaluation of performance, etc. It is able to help us to narrow the gap between the strategy planning and the strategy enforcement, and makes the strategy work be easy done. Finally, it is going to create the best synergy for organization. This dissertation mainly applied the “in-depth interview” method and adopted the Balanced Scorecard simultaneously in order to reach the follow results. Such as: to realize what’s the expectation of the chiefs those who are charged with security check, to interpret the strategy’s goal of the airport screening, and to draw a Strategy Map for the future outbound screening. By using the tool of the strategy management of the Balanced Scorecard is able to integrate organization’s resources, then focuses on critical functions to expand the executive enforcement and create the best synergy of screening. This study has found two facts which that most chiefs of the Aviation police Office don’t have the faintest idea about the Balanced Scorecard, even through academic fields seem like to be some misunderstanding over it. Actually, both the security demands and the facilitation demands are well compatible. Under this premise, the Aviation Police Office should make efforts to let those demands be met from now. There some ways are feasible to be adopted such as: to allocate more budgets and allow to consume flexibly, to procure more sophisticated screening equipment and set standard of procedure to follow, to widen the promotion channel and enhance professional capability, etc. The Balanced Scorecard could be adopted not only to integrate the administration sectors but also to be the bridge between the govern ment department and the representative department. There still left a lot of issues behind which are worthy of us doing further research, just name a few as below: What job is interrelated with airport screening? Which authority should take the responsibility and accountability of airport screening? Which factors are related to airport screening? When is the timing of screening and how to define it? What’s the difference between scr- eening and security check? Whether the Balanced Scorecard has other functions could be applied over the outbound screening?

全球永續發展驅策力對企業的影響在永續發展有關議題中，持續受到市場的關注，許多標竿企業已將永續發展議題整合至企業的發展策略中，藉此回應永續發展驅策力所帶來的風險，以積極掌握永續發展議題所帶來的商業機會，進而提升企業價值並為股東創造更高的報酬。企業在面對永續發展驅策力的影響下，如何發展永續策略以因應風險並掌握機會，係不容忽視的重要管理議題。 本研究參採Baumgartner and Ebner（2010）所提出之永續策略發展成熟度分析架構，嘗試將平衡計分卡及策略地圖之策略管理概念，應用於分析永續策略。本研究透過對個案企業之永續策略定位與管理、利害關係人參與流程及對企業經營策略具關鍵影響力的永續策略議題的分析，探討企業經營策略與永續策略之關聯，並進一步歸納發展企業導入永續策略的架構與步驟。本研究以拜耳作為個案分析對象，獲得以下主要發現： 一、永續策略為企業經營策略中不可或缺的重要關鍵，可以協助企業提昇營運策略績效，並可為企業創造長期價值。 二、企業導入永續策略時，必須辨識與企業攸關之永續發展驅策力，並以企業之核心營運項目為思考起點，進行永續策略的定位與發展。其中，利害關係人的管理，以及有效辨識對企業經營策略具關鍵影響力的永續策略議題，係導入永續策略的重要步驟。 / Businesses nowadays pay more and more attention to sustainable development related issues, especially the impact from sustainability megaforces. Many benchmark enterprises have integrated sustainable development issues into their business development strategies in response to those risks raised from sustainability megaforces. Not only to aggressively take advantages of business opportunities come from sustainable development issues but to increase enterprise value and create higher stakeholder returns. Under the impact of sustainability megaforces, how enterprises develop sustainable strategies in response to the risks and meanwhile hold the opportunities are non-neglectable and critical management topics. This paper refers to the maturity levels of sustainability strategy defined from Baumgartner and Ebner (2010), and tries to apply the strategic management concepts of Balance Scorecard and Strategy Map to analyze sustainability strategy. The primary aim of this paper is to eveluate the relationship between business strategy and sustainability strategy and further identify the framework and steps to implement sustainability strategies by analyzing the case’s positioning and management of sustainability strategy, stakeholder engagement process, and material sustainability strategy issues which have critical impacts to business strategy. This paper takes Bayer Group as the case study and has the below main findings: 1.Sustainability strategy is critical and indispensable to business strategy. Sustainability strategy can not only help business increase the performance of operating strategy but also create long-term value. 2.Enterprises have to identify the key sustainability megaforces relevant to business when developing sustainability strategy, and base on their core business to position and develop sustainability strategy. Important steps of implementing sustainability strategy include stakeholder management and the effectiveness of identifying material sustainability strategy issues which have critical impacts to business strategy.