Good neighbourhood shopping streets have long been significant in their ability to provide goods and services within walking distance of neighbourhood residents, to create a rich public realm, and to foster a sense of community. Far removed from their past as streetcar strips, the neighbourhood shopping street is once again being looked at as an important element of the urban environment. The purpose of this thesis is to determine the characteristics of good neighbourhood shopping streets and to examine these characteristics in the context of two Vancouver case studies—Commercial Drive and West 41st Avenue. Based on a review of planning, urban design, and landscape architecture literature, the fundamental principles of good neighbourhood shopping streets are revealed. Specifically, a good neighbourhood shopping street is accessible, comfortable, sociable, a place, adaptable, beautiful, and diverse. Flowing from these principles, and the means to them, are the characteristics of good neighbourhood shopping streets—buildings that relate to the street, good walking facilities, pedestrian amenities, traffic management, street activity, neighbourhood goods and services, maintenance, supportive neighbourhood context, and supportive government. The research suggests that real-life neighbourhood shopping streets rarely have all the characteristics that the literature holds as ideal. Rather, some characteristics— buildings that relate to the street, street activity, neighbourhood goods and services, a supportive neighbourhood context, and supportive government—appear as fundamental to good neighbourhood shopping streets but are exhibited to varying degrees. More specifically, the case studies help illustrate what particular elements are either essential or helpful, creating a checklist that other streets can benefit from. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of / Graduate

This thesis examines an urban form analysis method called delayering. This method examines the street network of a city. By plotting the streets in an electronic format and mapping information based on the spatial properties of streets such as those running east west, and overlaying these with other maps, delayering identifies patterns in the streets. This method was presented in a book titled The Urban Text. In the book the findings of an analysis of the City of Chicago were presented to outline the attributes of the delayering process. These include the ability to find patterns unseen in traditional analysis methods, the ability to read neighbourhood boundaries from the street patterns, and heighten awareness of elements through a unique graphic presentation method. These attributes and claims of the delayering process made it intriguing as a potential tool for the planning profession. Urban physical planning is based on a rational-comprehensive methodology where analysis is used to inform scenario development and decision making. If delayering could add to the analysis phase of planning it could become a useful tool to the profession. To identify this an assessment of the process' strengths and weaknesses had to be made. To examine this question I reviewed contemporary literature regarding the urban environment, the importance of the street, perception of place, and presentation methods. This provided the background information that supported the importance of the attributes of the delayering process. To test the strengths and weaknesses of the process a case study use of it in the City of Vancouver was conducted. This tested the transferability of the process, its accuracy, and the ease of use. Combining this information with the information of the literature review an assessment of delayering was made. The overall findings were that the process lacks single strength that would make it a useful tool. All of its attributes were somewhat successful in their claims, however the combined process was not seen as superior to traditional methods of analysis of form The unique methodology of the process, a reverse of the overlay design process, and focus of the street were seen as the overall strengths. The recommendations for the use of delayering is that it adds to the theoretical discussion of the planning profession, it can be helpful in exploratory analysis exercises, and its methodology can be adapted to other types of urban form mapping exercises. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of / Graduate

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-01-06T12:44:27Z No. of bitstreams: 1 denicydenazarepereirachagas.pdf: 2835811 bytes, checksum: 82a6fc4544e85c43bc9c465d6b94482c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-01-25T16:16:11Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 denicydenazarepereirachagas.pdf: 2835811 bytes, checksum: 82a6fc4544e85c43bc9c465d6b94482c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-01-25T16:16:30Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 denicydenazarepereirachagas.pdf: 2835811 bytes, checksum: 82a6fc4544e85c43bc9c465d6b94482c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-25T16:16:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 denicydenazarepereirachagas.pdf: 2835811 bytes, checksum: 82a6fc4544e85c43bc9c465d6b94482c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-27 / A pesquisa tem como objeto o processo saúde-adoecimento-cuidados de adultos em situação de rua. Buscou-se compreender, na ótica desses, como concebem o processo saúde-adoecimento-cuidados e motivos, que os levam a procurar atendimento à saúde, apresentando uma análise teórica substantiva que contribua para o cuidado de saúde e enfermagem. Realizou-se uma pesquisa qualitativa, por meio do método da Grounded Theory, tendo como aporte metodológico e de análise o Interacionismo Simbólico. O estudo ocorreu no período de março de 2014 a fevereiro de 2015 e o cenário foram as ruas de um município da região da Zona da Mata Mineira. O trabalho de campo começou com uma abordagem inicial, por meio do acompanhamento das atividades do Consultório na Rua. Os dados foram colhidos por meio de observação, exploração e registro de notas em diário de campo e entrevista semiestruturada. Identificou-se e caracterizou-se os participantes da investigação, que foram 16 adultos em situação de rua, seguindo a abordagem de amostragem e saturação teórica, pela qual nenhum dado novo surge e as categorias apresentam-se saturadas. Para edição textual dos dados empíricos, utilizou-se o programa OpenLogos®, permitindo-se a codificação e interpretação das informações. A análise dos dados aconteceu mediante três tipos de codificação: aberta, axial e seletiva, para posterior elaboração da categoria central. A partir da conjunção dos fenômenos relacionados ao objeto de estudo: causa, contexto, fatores intervenientes, estratégias de ação/interação e consequências, foi possível distinguir a categoria central: vivenciando o processo saúde-adoecimento-cuidados em situação de rua, a partir do movimento de adaptação interativa do próprio universo simbólico. Quanto ao grupo pesquisado, os dados apontaram que a minoria é do sexo feminino; possuem laços familiares ativos; não souberam relatar a renda e exercem funções informais; dependem das instituições para realizar as suas necessidades básicas e da mendicância; o dia a dia é marcado por pressões psicológicas, violência; não têm acesso ao lazer; os principais motivos de ida para as ruas são as rupturas ou fragilidades dos vínculos familiares, o desemprego e a dependência química; e o tempo de rua variou de dois meses a vinte anos. Em relação ao processo saúde-adoecimento-cuidados, associam o termo “saúde” às ideias de boa alimentação, bons relacionamentos, bem-estar físico e mental, ser feliz, cuidar do outro, cuidado com o corpo, conseguir trabalhar e ter educação; desconhecem a sua história pregressa; procuram pelos serviços de saúde esporadicamente e quando surge um problema de saúde que os incomode; têm as unidades de urgência e emergência como referência para o cuidado; e,em relação ao seu autocuidado, destaca-se:a busca por pessoas próximas; o recolhimento “a um canto” para a espera da remissão espontânea dos sintomas; a automedicação ou o uso de medicamentos prescritos de forma irregular; o uso de plantas; e o uso de bebidas alcoólicas e outras drogas. Contudo, a situação de rua, mesmo que seja difícil, não elimina as esperanças, os sonhos e as expectativas por mudanças, pois eles continuam a acreditar que é possível sair dela. Sabemos que as condições não são postas igualmente para os homens singulares e, assim, faz-se necessário estabelecer parâmetros de justiça e distribuição igualitária, a fim de que o acesso à saúde seja viabilizado de acordo com as especificidades de cada sujeito. / Its object is the process about health-illness-care adult who lives in the streets. We sought to understand the perspective of these, how they conceive the health-illness-care and motives that lead them to look for health care, presenting a substantive theoretical analysis that contributes to the health care and nursing. Was performed a qualitative research, grounded theory method and methodological support and analysis, the Symbolic Interactionism. It took place from March 2014 to February 2015 and the scenery were the streets of a town in the region of Zona da Mata Mineira. The Fieldwork began with an initial approach by monitoring the activities of the chamber situated in Street. Data were collected through observation, exploration and registry of notes in a field diary and semi-structured interview. It has identified and characterized the participants of the research, which were 16 adults who live in the streets, following the sampling approach and theoretical saturation, where no new data emerges and the categories are presented saturated. For textual edition of empirical data, the OpenLogos® program, allowing the encoding and interpretation.The data analysis was carried through three encoding types: open, axial and selective for further elaboration of central category. Based on the conjunction of events related to the object of study: cause, context, intervening factors, strategies of action / interaction and consequences, it was possible to distinguish the central category: Experiencing the process about health-illness-care living on the streets starting from the movement of interactive adaptation of its own symbolic universe. The data showed that the minority are female; They have active family ties; They were unable to report their income and informal functions exerted; They depend on the institutions to carry out their basic needs and mendicancy; the day-to-day is marked by psychological pressures, violence and any access to leisure; the main reasons for the one-way streets are ruptures or fragilities of family ties, unemployment and chemical dependence; and the street time varied from 2 months to 20 years. In relation to the health-illness-care, they associate the term health to good nutrition ideas, good relationships, physical and mental well being, be happy, caring for others, care of the body, be able of working and having an education;However, the street situation, even though it is hard, does not eliminate the hopes, dreams and expectation on changes. They continue to believe that the way out is possible. We know that the conditions are not equally placed to the singular men and so it it becomes necessary to establish justice and equal distribution parameters in order to access to health is made possible according to the specificities of each subject. Unaware about their previous history; they look for health services sporadically and when is there a health problem that bother them; It has the urgency and emergency units as a reference for care; and in relation to self-care stands out a search for nearby people, the gathering "in a corner" waiting for the spontaneous remission of symptoms, self-medication or irregular use of prescription drugs, use of plants, the use of drinks alcohol and other drugs.

Orientador: Norma Regina Truppel Constantino / Resumo: A pesquisa parte da análise da rua, um espaço comum a todos, que está enraizado em nossa mente ao pensarmos na cidade. A paisagem formadora de uma rua pode atrair ou não usuários para esse espaço. No início da formação das cidades, a rua era o local onde tudo acontecia: comércios, trocas, circulações, conversas importantes ou rotineiras. Com a evolução e o desenvolvimento das tecnologias, a forma urbana foi se adaptando e se modificando, assim como o cotidiano das pessoas. A popularização do automóvel foi um grande marco para essa transformação. Além disso, as tecnologias aumentaram a atratividade de estar em locais privados e muitas ruas deixaram de ser o palco de atividades e o espaço de permanência das pessoas. Esses fatores modificaram a paisagem urbana. O objetivo aqui é compreender os elementos atrativos nesse tipo de espaço a partir do estudo de sua paisagem contemporânea. Para isso, a metodologia propõe, além do aprofundamento teórico, o estudo de caso da Avenida Nações Unidas em Bauru, utilizando análises físicas e perceptivas, para entender e definir sua atratividade. Através do embasamento teórico, é possível gerar base para futuros projetos que se preocupem mais em construir paisagens urbanas atrativas, estabelecendo diretrizes para esse fim. Definindo uma boa paisagem para as ruas, é possível, portanto, contribuir para a qualidade de vida nas cidades. / Abstract: The research starts from street analysis, a common space for all, which is rooted in our minds when thinking in cities. The former landscape of a street may or may not attract users for this space. Early in the formation of the cities the street was the place where everything happened; business, exchanges, circulations, important or casual talks. With the evolution and development of technologies, the urban form has been adapting e changing, just like the daily life of people. The car popularization was a great frame for this transformation. Besides, the technologies increased attractiveness of being in private places and many streets are no longer the stage of activities and the living space of people. These factors have changed the urban landscape. The objective here is to comprehend the attractive elements in this type of spaces from the study of this contemporary landscape. For this the methodology proposes, besides the theoretical deepening, the case study of avenue Nações Unidas in Bauru, using physical and perspectives analysis, to understand and define its attractiveness. Through theoretical background is possible to generate basis to future projects who are more concerned with building attractive landscapes, establishing guidelines for this purpose. Defining a good landscape for streets is possible, therefore, to contribute to the quality of life in the cities. / Mestre

Urban planning needs to address the future role of transport infrastructure in cities. Due to previous planning ideals, our cities consist of transport networks that stand in conflict with ambitions to create dense and multifunctional urban environments, decrease pollution, and create safe urban space. Here, the urban street is a measure that enables new multifunctional solutions for transport infrastructures. This thesis, therefore, investigates street redevelopment projects in relation to the Swedish planning process, which is assessed through five case studies of street redevelopment projects in Swedish cities. Interviews combined with a desktop study are utilised as methods. The theoretical framework of obduracy and socio-technical transitions is applied to understand the mechanisms behind the hindering- and enabling factors present in the projects.  Our results show that hindering factors exist on the interpersonal scale in the projects between planners and planning departments, internally within the municipalities between planning organisation and politics, and externally between different actor groups such as public and state actors. Hindering factors are also identified in the physical infrastructure and historical context of the streets where older planning ideals still influence the physical and societal preconditions of the street networks. These factors slowed down the planning processes and led to compromises in aim and vision. It is not evident that the formal planning process should change in order to overcome these obstacles. Rather, it is the cooperation and coordination between actors that mainly determines the functionality of the process. Successful strategies in the projects have been; anchoring projects in municipal goals, combining incorporating different urban planning aspects and departments, municipalities as main actors, carefully assessing the location and context and integrating street redevelopment projects with broader development projects.

Stockholm is a unique city intertwined by water and green spaces,  which is also surrounded by rich open nature resources. However, from the lately researches, it shows that coronavirus highlights the need for open green spaces in cities. Also our access to important functions in society is reduced. Both of the roles of green areas and the city are challenged. The corona situation highlights our urban problem and people's demands that Stockholm is not accessible and resilient enough.   In my projects, I study the potentials and design the city about how to bring nature to the inner city and how to transit urban activities to the nature nearby in order to have a more adaptable, resilient, flexible city. Streets and the transferring area between city and nature are important intermediates to integrate green areas and urban activities, which are focused on research and design in this project.  The whole green-space system structure is also re-organised to make it better connected and more accessible.

No description available.

A transportation system designed to prioritize the mobility of automobiles cannot accommodate the growing number of road users. The Complete Streets policy plays a crucial part in transforming streets to accommodate multiple modes of transportation, especially active modes like biking and walking. Complete streets are referred to as streets designed for everyone and enable safety and mobility to all users. A strategy of complete streets transformation is to connect isolated complete street segments to form a complete network that improves active mobility and public transit ridership. This research assessed the impact of efficiently and equitably connecting and expanding the biking network using dedicated lanes on the safety and operation of the network in Atlanta, Georgia. These connections are aimed at increasing the multimodal use of the streets in midtown and downtown Atlanta and achieving the mobility and public health goals through the integration of various modes of travel. The evaluation was done by modeling a well-calibrated and validated network of Midtown and Downtown Atlanta in VISSIM using existing travel demand and traffic design conditions (i.e., the baseline or Scenario 0). A total of three different conditions: existing, proposed, and alternative conditions, were modeled to see the effectiveness of bike infrastructure design improvement and expansion. Three scenarios were then modeled as variations of modal demand of the different condition models. Scenarios modeled are based on input from the City and Community stakeholders. Using the trajectory data from microsimulation, the surrogate safety assessment model (SSAM) from FHWA was used to analyze the safety effect on the bike infrastructure improvement and expansion. Results of this study showed a positive impact of complete streets transformation on the streets of Midtown and Downtown Atlanta. These impacts are quantified in this thesis.

This architectural thesis challenges the conventional perception of cities as horizontally sprawling realms dominated by towering edifices and skyscrapers. Inspired by Rem Koolhaas' influential book "Delirious New York," which argues that each block represents an independent fantasy, which creates a more cohesive and united version of the city (Koolhaas, 1994). This thesis introduces a groundbreaking outlook that envisions cities as complex networks of functions, neighborhoods, and pathways within an immersive three-dimensional framework. The proposed approach seeks to merge the established city of Manhattan with a new counterpart, driven by enhancing residents' quality of life and addressing the challenges of metropolitan areas. Three key factors underscore the significance of this approach. Firstly, there is a current dearth of connections between buildings and floors, impeding the cohesive fabric of urban life and hindering social interaction and community engagement. Secondly, the rapid population growth in Manhattan has strained the city's surface, leading to challenges in space availability. Additionally, there is a significant lack of public spaces that cater to the community's needs for socializing, outdoor recreation, and access to nature. Moreover, the looming threat of rising sea levels amplifies the urgency of these challenges. By addressing these key factors, the proposed approach aims to revolutionize the urban fabric, creating a more interconnected, sustainable, and resilient cityscape that elevates the well-being of residents and harmonizes with the dynamic nature of urban life. To address these issues, the thesis examines specific components such as existing voids, the street network, and building elements. Through reimagining and redesigning these elements, the goal is to create a unified and sustainable urban environment that aligns with current trends and harnesses emerging technologies. The ultimate aspiration is to achieve a cohesive urban milieu that enhances and reshapes the well- being of residents while adapting to the dynamic nature of urban life / Master of Architecture / This architectural thesis challenges our traditional view of cities as sprawling landscapes dominated by tall buildings. Taking inspiration from Rem Koolhaas' exploration of Manhattan's unique block fantasies in "Delirious New York,". This thesis presents an exciting new perspective. It envisions cities as vibrant hybrid networks, blending various functions, neighborhoods, and pathways within a three-dimensional grid. The proposed approach seeks to merge and integrate the existing city of Manhattan with a new one, aiming to improve the overall quality of life for its residents while addressing the challenges of metropolitan areas. Three significant factors justify this approach. First, there is a lack of connections between buildings and floors, which limits the cohesiveness of urban life. Second, Manhattan's surface is strained due to population growth, demanding innovative solutions. Public spaces encouraging socializing, outdoor activities, and access to natural environments are also insufficient. The rising sea levels add an extra layer of concern. To tackle these complex issues, the thesis explores specific components such as underutilized spaces within the city, streets, and existing buildings. Through imaginative redesign and reimagining, the goal is to create a more harmonious and sustainable urban environment that responds to current trends and technologies. By integrating these elements, the thesis aims to shape cities into vibrant, inclusive, and interconnected spaces that cater to the needs of their communities.

Walkability is the measure of walking comfortably in the urban environment, based on numerous parameters, including traversability, compactness, attractiveness, and safety. Recently, walkability has become a significant key to well-being quality in the urban environment through enhancement of the walking environment, including filling spaces with life, promoting sustainability, and attracting people for exercise. The walkable environment’s design and planning have been focused of attention because of its numerous benefits in various aspects, such as improvement of social life, sustainability, public health, and economy. Therefore, there is a crucial need to do more research to increase the understanding of walkability in the urban environment. There are different factors that affect the level of walkability in the built environment. Subsequently, using a geographic information system (GIS) together with multi-criteria decision-making and analysis (MCDA) is an efficient method for walkability analysis. Space syntax and its application can also serve as a critical factor in walkability assessment by evaluating the number of connections for each route. The validity of this analysis model was tested in two study cases. These cases covered two municipalities in Sweden that differ in many aspects, including size, number of roads, and public density; these are Gävle and Uppsala. Furthermore, the MCDA model was integrated with the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), and eight factors were selected based on their relative importance to the walkability assessment. The generated factor maps were set based on the widely implemented criteria of walkability, otherwise known as the 5Cs, which is developed by Transport for London (TFL). The 5Cs consists of connectivity, comfort, convenience, conviviality, and conspicuousness. The density of connections for each route was derived using natural streets based on the space syntax approach. The natural street map was used as the main map that incorporated all factors, after their derivation and normalization of their values. The final produced AHP-based maps were classified into three walkability classes representing routes with low to high levels of walkability. The One Factor At-time sensitivity analysis technique (OAT) was also applied to the GIS-MCDA model to analyse the uncertainty that can occur based on different reasons such as human error and weighting uncertainty.