Thesis (M.A.)--Catholic Theological Union, 1986. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 155-162).

This study investigates livelihood patterns and gender arrangements during displacement. The main focus is on the experience of internally displaced persons at Al-Salam and Mayo displaced persons' camps at the outskirts of Khartoum, the capital of Sudan. The study uses an integrated gender conceptual framework, which encompasses Moser's triple role framework, practical and strategic gender interests and Kabeer's social relations framework, as well as agency and empowerment concepts and finds that, at places of origin, people were mainly dependent on farming and rearing of animals to earn a living. However, differences existed between regions. This way of livelihood was associated with 'traditional' gender arrangements, where men were the main breadwinners with no clear reproductive roles. By contrast, women's main roles were primarily reproductive. Then war, drought and famine affected people's livelihoods and led to displacement. At the displacement camps, more women than men were able to develop illegal and legal livelihood strategies. These new livelihood patterns upset the old gender patterns and led to emergence of new gender arrangements. Moreover, displaced women were able to build relationships within their gender and to form tajammu'at (women's groups). The NGOs (Non Governmental Organisations) which were active in the displacement camps tended to perceive the displaced as powerless victims, but in practice, displaced women had become social agents and were able to demonstrate empowerment, resilience, and ability to cope with displacement conditions

Submitted by Nathália Neves (nathalia.neves@ufpe.br) on 2015-03-04T18:33:43Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação Formato digital - Juliana de Castro 2013.1.pdf: 985270 bytes, checksum: 14f3a13c691b9d8853fcfbe2c0c26fe2 (MD5) license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-04T18:33:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação Formato digital - Juliana de Castro 2013.1.pdf: 985270 bytes, checksum: 14f3a13c691b9d8853fcfbe2c0c26fe2 (MD5) license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-28 / Inhame, macaxeira e batata-doce são vegetais ricos em amido e importantes sócio economicamente para o Nordeste brasileiro. O solo da rizosfera desses tubérculos e raízes é ambiente rico em bactérias que produzem metabólitos com diversas aplicações biotecnológicas, a exemplo de Polihidroxialcanoatos (PHAs), polímeros biodegradáveis produzidos a partir dos produtos da hidrolise do amido e utilizados na produção de plásticos. O objetivo do trabalho foi isolar e identificar do solo da rizosfera e do aderido à superfície desses três vegetais, bactérias potencialmente produtoras de PHAs, selecionando-as por PCR de colônia e avaliando a produção de PHAs por coloração de Sudan Black. Colônias bacterianas isoladas com características morfológicas distintas foram selecionadas para a PCR de colônia. Das 214 bactérias selecionadas, 11 amostras foram positivas para o gene phaC da via de síntese de PHA. Nove bactérias apresentaram resultado satisfatório para produção de grânulos de PHAs após coloração de Sudan Black. Dentre as bactérias positivas na PCR e Sudan Black, oito foram identificadas por seqüenciamento ao nível de gênero ou espécie, tais como: Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Agrobacterium, Stenotrophomonas, Cupriavidus e Microvirga flocculans, sendo esta última descrita pela primeira vez como produtora de PHA. A aplicação da PCR de colônia com coloração por Sudan Black mostrou-se eficiente e rápida para seleção de bactérias potencialmente produtoras de PHAs a partir de amostras de solo.

Magister Legum - LLM / The focus of this study was on the Interim Constitution adopted on 9 July 2005 by Sudan. The significance of the federal principle both as a peacemaking device and a tool of democratisation was considered. The objective of the study was to provide an informed and well-researched estimation of the potential perils and possibilities for success of Sudan's contemporary constitutional arrangement. / South Africa

This thesis concerns the cultural meanings of zar spirit possession in Hofriyat, a Northern Sudanese village. It begins with an interpretive analysis of the Hofriyati everyday world, showing village kinship, marriage, and prevalent customs such as female circumcision to be informed by a common idiom: "interiority" or relative enclosure. In Part II it proceeds to discuss, in terms of that idiom, contexts in which the possession idiom might be invoked: who claims to be possessed, and under what conditions. Here it emerges that zar possession plays an important role in the negotiation and renegotiation of meaning by "rephrasing" interpersonal conflict, symbolically restructuring certain life experiences for the Hofriyati, and effecting realignments of kin relations and social positions in ways deemed favorable to the possessed. Next comes a comparison of the zar propitiation ritual and the local wedding ceremony, in which zar is seen to operate as a meta-cultural text, a comment upon the realities of everyday life and the informative idiom of village culture. This idea is carried forward into Part III, where the system of zar beliefs and spirit manifestations is discussed in its own right. Here possession is viewed as an esthetic form and ' potential messages to be derived from the identities and associations of the spirits are considered. In sum, this thesis is an attempt to describe Hofriyati cultural meanings — the logic of everyday life, its negotiation through acknowledgement of possession affliction, and its secondary or meta-cultural elaboration in ritual and in the system of zar beliefs. It draws principally upon the works of symbolic anthropologists such as Geertz, Turner, and Crapanzano, and upon the insights of Paul Ricoeur for theoretical guidance. However, the "theory of Hofriyati culture" which emerges in the dissertation is understood to be the result of interactions between the researcher and her Hofriyati informants. The thesis is an interpretation, a special sort of negotiated meaning. / Arts, Faculty of / Anthropology, Department of / Graduate

Magister Scientiae Dentium - MSc(Dent) / Sexual identification of immature skeletal remains is still a complicated issue to solve in Forensic Anthropology. Sexual dimorphism is the condition where the two sexes of the same species exhibit different characteristics beyond the differences in their sexual organs. (1) The aim of this study is to evaluate the existence of sexual dimorphism in mandibular first molars. The base sample of the study includes 300 Sudanese (150 males and 150 females). Their ages ranged from 17 to 55. The mesio-buccal (MB) disto-lingual (DL) and the mesio-lingual (ML) disto-buccal (DB) surfaces of the mandibular first molars were measured using a digital Vernier caliper on plaster of Paris study casts. The data was analyzed using the t-test. The results showed statistically significant sexual dimorphisms in male and female odontometric features. The mean values of the parameters were greater in males than in females in both (MBDL and MLDB) with greater sexual dimorphism in the MBDL (MBDL dimorphism =28.672 %) than the MLDB (MLDB dimorphism =21.596 %). Conclusion: Sexual dimorphism of 1st molar teeth can aid in the identification of skeletal remains of Sudanese origin.

From 1884 to 1885 the British were first engaged with the Mahdist forces of Sudan in an effort to first rescue the inhabitants of Khartuom, and later to rescue the rescuer Charles “Chinese” Gordon. The affair played out both in Parliament and the newspapers as journalists became the cheerleaders for Empire. My thesis focuses on Britain’s 1884-1890 Sudan Campaign through print culture using political debates, journalism, literature, memoirs, and art. I show how the activism of the press and the romanticism of the larger media reinforced ideas about imperialism and the British role within the Empire at large.

Despite the signing of the 2005 Sudan Comprehensive Peace Agreement that ended the two decades of South-North Sudan war; and the 2015 Agreement on the Resolution of the Conflict in South Sudan, to end the current civil war, armed conflicts persist in South Sudan. Two key inadequacies of the liberal peacebuilding model, applied to address modern conflicts in Africa and across the globe are its insistence on international justice instruments such as the International Criminal Court, and the failure to recognize the role of local approaches and to incorporate them into peacebuilding intervention policies. This has resulted in failures to address the grievances and bitterness of war affected people and to reconcile divided communities. This study examines the potential and limits of applying local approaches to post-conflict peacebuilding in South Sudan. Based on empirical data obtained through qualitative case study conducted in South Sudan over five months in 2016, the findings reveal that despite the wide use of local institutions and justice mechanisms, many challenges exist, that pose serious difficulties in solely applying these strategies to transitional justice. However, for the liberal peacebuilding model to address the root causes of internal conflicts and build sustainable peace, local strategies could provide a significant complementary contribution, since dealing with the past entails more than retribution and truth seeking. The study has wider implications in practical and theoretical considerations for ongoing armed conflicts in Africa and other parts of the world.

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