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Three experiments were conducted to determine the effect of different chemicals on the preservation of crab waste at room temperature. In Exp. 1, .2 and .4% NaOCI and H₂O₂ were used and the waste was stored for 17 d. In Exp. 2, NaCI (10%), NaNO₂ (1%), NaOCI (.4%), NaN₃ (.065%), KN0₃ (.1%), Tert butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) (50 ppm), and I₂ (25 ppm) were used. After mixing with the chemicals the waste was stored for 21 d. In Exp. 3, the waste was treated with NaCI (100/0), NaNO₂(10/0) and NaN₃(.065%) and the mixtures were kept for 20, 30 and 40 d. In the first experiment the waste treated with .4% NaOCI preserved better than for the other treatments, with lower (P < .05) NH₃ and trimethylamine (TMA). In Exp. 2, treatment with NaCI, NaNO₂ and NaN₃ did not produce any change in the physical characters of the crab waste. The TMA, indole and NH₃ were lower (P < .05) and no H₂S was detected in the waste treated with those chemicals. In Exp. 3, treatment with NaCI did not alter the physical characteristics of crab waste. The waste had lower (P < .05) NH3, TMA and indole on d 20, 30 and 40 than those treated with NaNO₂ and NaN₃. / Ph. D.

This study was undertaken with the objective of assessing whether the ingestion of a Multivitamin Complex with Calcium and Magnesium would be efficacious in reducing stress. Tlrree hundred subjects who were suffering from stress were selected in Gauteng and Kwa-Zulu Natal, South Africa. The selection was based on a stress questionnaire. The subjects took a battery of tests and questionnaires to assess the level ofthe stress they were experiencing. A 30 day supply of effeiVescent tablets was given to all subjects - half placebos and half the vitamin supplement. These were randomly allocated. At the end of30 days a further battery oftests were administered. The results were statistically analysed. It was found that both the placebo and the vitamin supplement proved beneficial but the Multivitamin Complex with Calcium and Magnesium had a greater effect in reducing and helping to manage stress. / Psychology / M.A. (Psychology)

Ce projet découle du Canadian Sport Centre Dietary Study qui avait pour objectif d’évaluer les habitudes de consommation de suppléments alimentaires chez les athlètes canadiens et de déterminer si des différences régionales existaient. Un nombre de sujets était prédéterminé pour chaque province en considération du nombre d’athlètes identifiés comme Excellence, Élite ou Relève par les Centres d’entraînement nationaux et les organismes gouvernementaux. Pour ce mémoire, seules les données associées aux athlètes du Québec ont été considérées. Quarante-trois athlètes ont répondu à un questionnaire sur l’utilisation des suppléments alimentaires, 71 ont fourni un journal alimentaire de trois jours et 42 parmi ces derniers ont remis les deux documents. La prévalence d’utilisation des suppléments alimentaires était de 90,7%. Les utilisateurs consommaient en moyenne 3,35 produits différents, particulièrement des boissons énergétiques (48,8%), des multivitamines-minéraux (37,2%), des produits de santé naturels (37,2%) et des suppléments de protéines en poudre (34,9%). Les athlètes souhaitaient maintenir leur santé (27,9%) et améliorer leur niveau d’énergie (27,9%) ou leur récupération (25,6%). Les sources d’information citées étaient les entraîneurs physiques (25,6%), la famille ou les amis (16,3%) et les coéquipiers (16,3%). Les sujets se procuraient ces produits dans les épiceries (16,3%), les pharmacies (14,0%) et les magasins spécialisés (9,3%). Soixante-dix pour cent des sujets croyaient que l’arrêt de l’utilisation des suppléments alimentaires n’aurait aucun impact sur leurs performances ou ne savaient pas comment cela les influencerait. Ils démontraient un vif intérêt au sujet de l’efficacité (69,8%), la légalité (55,8%) et la sécurité (53,5%) de ces produits. Des sujets qui utilisaient un supplément de protéines, 81% présentaient un apport alimentaire supérieur à leurs besoins. L’utilisation de suppléments de multivitaminesminéraux permettait de combler l’apport insuffisant en calcium et en folate, mais pas en potassium. Nos résultats soulignent que ces utilisateurs présentaient des apports dépassant l’apport maximal tolérable pour le sodium, le magnésium, la niacine, le folate, la vitamine A et le fer. Nous pouvons donc conclure que ces deux types de suppléments alimentaires n’étaient pas utilisés d’une façon pertinente. / This project derives from the Canadian Sport Centre Dietary Study. The purpose of this global research project consisted in studying the consumption habits of Canadians elite athletes towards dietary supplements and evaluating if regional differences could be identified. The number of subjects needed for each province was calculated from the number of athletes identified as Excellence, Elite or Releve by the Canadian Sports Centres and governmental organisms. Only subjects from Québec had been considered for this research work. Forty three subjects completed the questionnaire on dietary supplement consumption habits, 71 filled a three day food diary and 42 of them returned both documents. Results showed that dietary supplements were used by 90.7% of our sample. Users were consuming an average of 3.35 different types of dietary supplements, mostly sports drinks (48.8%), multivitamins-minerals (37.2%) and protein powders (34.5%). Reasons behind the use of supplements were: to stay healthy (27.9%), to raise energy level (27.9%) and to accelerate recovery (25.6%). Athletes were getting their information from physical trainers (25.6%), family members or friends (16.3%) and teammates (16.3%). Dietary supplements were bought in grocery stores (16.3%), drug stores (14.0%) and specialised stores (9.3%). Seventy percent of our sample thought that stopping the use of dietary supplement would have no impact on their performance level or had no idea of the impact it could have. Nevertheless, participants showed a clear interest concerning the efficiency (69.8%), legality (55.8%) and safety (53.5%) of dietary supplements. Eighty one percent of the subjects who were using protein supplements had dietary intakes above their needs for that nutrient. The use of multivitamin-mineral supplements compensated for inadequate intakes in calcium and folic acid, but not in potassium. This investigation showed that multivitamin-mineral users had dietary intakes above the Upper Intake Levels for sodium, magnesium, niacin, folic acid, vitamin A and iron. From these results, we can conclude, in this athlete population, that protein and multivitamin-mineral supplements were not required or used adequately.

Ce projet découle du Canadian Sport Centre Dietary Study qui avait pour objectif d’évaluer les habitudes de consommation de suppléments alimentaires chez les athlètes canadiens et de déterminer si des différences régionales existaient. Un nombre de sujets était prédéterminé pour chaque province en considération du nombre d’athlètes identifiés comme Excellence, Élite ou Relève par les Centres d’entraînement nationaux et les organismes gouvernementaux. Pour ce mémoire, seules les données associées aux athlètes du Québec ont été considérées. Quarante-trois athlètes ont répondu à un questionnaire sur l’utilisation des suppléments alimentaires, 71 ont fourni un journal alimentaire de trois jours et 42 parmi ces derniers ont remis les deux documents. La prévalence d’utilisation des suppléments alimentaires était de 90,7%. Les utilisateurs consommaient en moyenne 3,35 produits différents, particulièrement des boissons énergétiques (48,8%), des multivitamines-minéraux (37,2%), des produits de santé naturels (37,2%) et des suppléments de protéines en poudre (34,9%). Les athlètes souhaitaient maintenir leur santé (27,9%) et améliorer leur niveau d’énergie (27,9%) ou leur récupération (25,6%). Les sources d’information citées étaient les entraîneurs physiques (25,6%), la famille ou les amis (16,3%) et les coéquipiers (16,3%). Les sujets se procuraient ces produits dans les épiceries (16,3%), les pharmacies (14,0%) et les magasins spécialisés (9,3%). Soixante-dix pour cent des sujets croyaient que l’arrêt de l’utilisation des suppléments alimentaires n’aurait aucun impact sur leurs performances ou ne savaient pas comment cela les influencerait. Ils démontraient un vif intérêt au sujet de l’efficacité (69,8%), la légalité (55,8%) et la sécurité (53,5%) de ces produits. Des sujets qui utilisaient un supplément de protéines, 81% présentaient un apport alimentaire supérieur à leurs besoins. L’utilisation de suppléments de multivitaminesminéraux permettait de combler l’apport insuffisant en calcium et en folate, mais pas en potassium. Nos résultats soulignent que ces utilisateurs présentaient des apports dépassant l’apport maximal tolérable pour le sodium, le magnésium, la niacine, le folate, la vitamine A et le fer. Nous pouvons donc conclure que ces deux types de suppléments alimentaires n’étaient pas utilisés d’une façon pertinente. / This project derives from the Canadian Sport Centre Dietary Study. The purpose of this global research project consisted in studying the consumption habits of Canadians elite athletes towards dietary supplements and evaluating if regional differences could be identified. The number of subjects needed for each province was calculated from the number of athletes identified as Excellence, Elite or Releve by the Canadian Sports Centres and governmental organisms. Only subjects from Québec had been considered for this research work. Forty three subjects completed the questionnaire on dietary supplement consumption habits, 71 filled a three day food diary and 42 of them returned both documents. Results showed that dietary supplements were used by 90.7% of our sample. Users were consuming an average of 3.35 different types of dietary supplements, mostly sports drinks (48.8%), multivitamins-minerals (37.2%) and protein powders (34.5%). Reasons behind the use of supplements were: to stay healthy (27.9%), to raise energy level (27.9%) and to accelerate recovery (25.6%). Athletes were getting their information from physical trainers (25.6%), family members or friends (16.3%) and teammates (16.3%). Dietary supplements were bought in grocery stores (16.3%), drug stores (14.0%) and specialised stores (9.3%). Seventy percent of our sample thought that stopping the use of dietary supplement would have no impact on their performance level or had no idea of the impact it could have. Nevertheless, participants showed a clear interest concerning the efficiency (69.8%), legality (55.8%) and safety (53.5%) of dietary supplements. Eighty one percent of the subjects who were using protein supplements had dietary intakes above their needs for that nutrient. The use of multivitamin-mineral supplements compensated for inadequate intakes in calcium and folic acid, but not in potassium. This investigation showed that multivitamin-mineral users had dietary intakes above the Upper Intake Levels for sodium, magnesium, niacin, folic acid, vitamin A and iron. From these results, we can conclude, in this athlete population, that protein and multivitamin-mineral supplements were not required or used adequately.

This study was undertaken with the objective of assessing whether the ingestion of a Multivitamin Complex with Calcium and Magnesium would be efficacious in reducing stress. Tlrree hundred subjects who were suffering from stress were selected in Gauteng and Kwa-Zulu Natal, South Africa. The selection was based on a stress questionnaire. The subjects took a battery of tests and questionnaires to assess the level ofthe stress they were experiencing. A 30 day supply of effeiVescent tablets was given to all subjects - half placebos and half the vitamin supplement. These were randomly allocated. At the end of30 days a further battery oftests were administered. The results were statistically analysed. It was found that both the placebo and the vitamin supplement proved beneficial but the Multivitamin Complex with Calcium and Magnesium had a greater effect in reducing and helping to manage stress. / Psychology / M.A. (Psychology)

The aim of this essay is to show how the relationship between credit and critique is important for Jacques Derrida’s deconstruction of law. I will start from Force of Law, in which law, as well as justice, is deconstructed by Derrida. My purpose is further to show how the two concepts, credit and critique, are intertwined in the discourse of law and thereby crucial for Derrida’s deconstruction. As Derrida always states, the rational projects need to have a master concept, which the project revolves around, and this master concept needs at least one other subordinate concept to contrast itself against. In this context, I argue that critique can be that master concept. I base this argument upon the fact that critique in its ancient Greek sense, krinein, can be translated into the verb ‘to separate’, ‘to decide’ or ‘to judge’, which shows that there is an obvious link to the task of a judge. This puts critique in center of the discourse of law. Credit on the other hand is not rational, which makes it opposed to critique, but it is still important for law. It is a typical subordinated concept that just appears in the discourse without any further explanation but is present by its implicit importance to the discourse. I argue that credit is the subordinate concept that is needed for the concept of critique to be a master concept. Both concepts are important for the foundation of law, and this is why I believe that Derrida in the end states the importance to take responsibility for the law. In other words, one must take responsibility for both founding aspects of credit and critique when deconstructing the law.

This thesis is a case study with a goal to comprehensively map and depict the evolution of the so- called non-supplement zones. This name is an abbreviated term that is used in media for the general provision authorizing establishing of areas of higher incidence of socially undesirable phenomena, where housing supplements are not to be payed to any new applicants. Bohemian and Moravian municipalities can make use of this measure since 2017. Thus they aim to fight the poverty industry and the problems connected with it. Additionally, a Constitutional Court decision on the appeal on this measure made by a group of senators is awaited since 2017. In this thesis, the problematique is viewed both on policy and politics level, both on national and local level, using the theory of the policy process, agenda setting, and the multiple streams theory. Under examination are also the levels of discourses and framing of the problem. To demonstrate a local context, there was chosen the case of the Kladno municipality, which holds a specific position in the context since it is the first city in the Czech Republic that decided to declare this general provision on its entire territory. However, later the decision was annulled by the regional administration. The research was based mainly on documents survey, media...

TITLE: The development of nutritional practices in professional athletics AUTHOR: Bc. David Nováček DEPARTMENT: Department of physical education SUPERVISOR: PhDr. PaedDr. Ladislav Kašpar Ph.D. ABSTRACT: My thesis will be dealing with the theme of the development of nutritional practices through generations in one selected athletic discipline. In the theoretical part I will do various exploration works with similar themes. I will describe athletic nutrition for athletes and different types of classic nutrition and dietary supplements that have been used / are used. The practical part will be based on a questionnaire or interview, where I'll try to find out the nutritional practices of individual elite athletes through generations. I will compare these results and make appropriate conclusions. KEYWORDS: Nutrition, a dietary supplement, sports, athletics, generation

O Suplemento Literário de O Estado de S. Paulo (SLOESP), caderno não só literário, mas artístico da mais alta importância no campo cultural brasileiro, foi criado pelo professor Antonio Candido Mello e Souza, em 1956, e dirigido por Décio de Almeida Prado, até 1966. Italo Bianchi, indicado por Gilda de Mello e Souza, responsabilizou-se pelo projeto gráfico que refletia o tom do projeto do professor. Em 8 de abril de 1967, o projeto original foi substituído por um novo. Esta pesquisa visa catalogar e discutir as ilustrações publicadas pelo SLOESP, desenhos e gravuras de vários artistas, entre os anos de 1956 e 1967. As autônomas, impressas na capa, buscam divulgar as obras e enriquecer a página; as associadas, estas inéditas, acompanham contos, poemas e artigos. Na época, jovens como Renina Katz, Marcelo Grassmann, Fernando Lemos e Antonio Lizárraga apresentaram trabalhos ao lado de nomes consagrados como Di Cavalcanti, Portinari, Lívio Abramo e Flávio de Carvalho, constituindo um total de 157 artistas. A seleção desses colaboradores era tarefa de Almeida Prado, Bianchi e Lourival Gomes Machado, crítico de artes plásticas do Suplemento. Um catálogo digital acompanha a dissertação, com a reprodução das 966 ilustrações em alta resolução, possibilitando a leitura dos textos que com elas convivem, além de dados sobre as obras como autor, título, medidas, data de publicação e técnica e, no caso das associadas, autor e título do texto. Entrevistas, verbetes sobre os artistas e notas de pesquisa completam o catálogo. / The Literary Supplement of the O Estado de S. Paulo newspaper (SLOESP), created by the Professor Antonio Candido Mello e Souza in 1956 and directed by Décio de Almeida Prado until 1966, was not only a literary but also an artistic production of the utmost importance as far as the Brazilian cultural field is concerned. Suggested by Gilda de Mello e Souza, Italo Bianchi was responsible for its graphic project which was replaced by a new one in April, 8th 1967. This present research\'s main objective is to catalog and discuss illustrations, drawings and printings, produced by many artists and published by the SLOESP between the years of 1956 and 1967. The autonomous kind of works, printed on the front page, aims at popularizing works and adorning the page; the associated ones accompany short stories, poems and articles. At that time, young artists such as Renina Katz, Marcelo Grassmann, Fernando Lemos and Antonio Lizárraga presented their works as well as some other already famous names such as Di Cavalcanti, Portinari, Lívio Abramo e Flávio de Carvalho. The selected material comprises works of 157 artists. The selection of the collaborators was done by Almeida Prado, Bianchi and Lourival Gomes Machado, SLOESP\'s art critic. A digital catalog accompanies the dissertation, with the reproduction of the 966 illustration in high resolution, which also enables the reading of the texts, including some information about them including author, title, dimensions, publication date and technique and, for the associated kind, author and title of the text. Interviews, entries and research notes complete the catalog.