Virtual three-dimensional auditory displays (V3DADs) use digital signal processing to deliver sounds (typically through headphones) that seem to originate from specific external spatial locations. This set of studies investigates the delivery of V3DADs through bone-conduction transducers (BCTs) in addition to conventional headphones. Although previous research has shown that spatial separation can be induced through BCTs, some additional signal adjustments are required for optimization of V3DADs, due to the difference in hearing pathways. The present studies tested a bone-conduction adjustment function (BAF) derived from equal-loudness judgments on pure tones whose frequencies were spaced one critical band apart. Localization performance was assessed through conventional air-conduction headphones, BCTs with only transducer correction, and BCTs with a BAF. The results showed that in the elevation plane, the BAF was effective in restoring the spectral cues altered by the bone-conduction pathway. No evidence for increased percept variability or decreased lateralization in the bone-conduction conditions was found. These findings indicate that a V3DAD can be implemented on a BCT and that a BAF will improve performance, but that there is an apparent performance cost that cannot be addressed with BAFs measured using the methodology in the present studies.

This study emphasizes how the evaluation and analysis of the implementation of Generators Poles of Traffic and Institutions of Social Interest in Uberlândia can attenuate the disorders on circulation in the adjacency of these establishments. In this way, it s proposed an Education to the Transit as an alternative of reduce the conflicts while transit, with the aim to change attitudes and values that prioritize the respect for life and ensure safety and comfort for access the desired places in the urban areas. It also aims to understand the conflict established on the urban mobility, relating it to the behavior, values and attitudes of the public road users, like a driver, pedestrian, cyclist and motorcyclist that surround closed to the Generators Poles of Traffic and Institutions of Social Interest. These undertakings attract a high number of trips and offer services to people of different age groups and physical conditions. To reach the proposed objectives, were developed the following methodological procedure: reference survey of theoretical and conceptual about the issue thematic, realize of unstandardized interviews, photographs registers, production of maps, questionnaires application, volumetric counting of vehicles and pedestrians. The analysis of the results of the research revealed the impacts generated by the undertakings to the road system in the area of its influence and of the relationship between the misconduct of persons when circulate, disrespecting the standards movement and undermining the displacement and access to the selected areas to study on this work. / Este trabalho focaliza como a avaliação e a análise da implantação de Polos Geradores de Tráfego e Instituições de Interesse Social em Uberlândia podem atenuar os transtornos na circulação nas adjacências desses estabelecimentos. Nesse sentido, propõe-se a Educação para o Trânsito como alternativa para a redução dos conflitos ao trafegar, tendo por objetivo a mudança de atitudes e valores que priorizem o respeito à vida, de modo a garantir segurança e conforto para acessar os lugares desejados no espaço urbano. Almeja-se compreender o conflito estabelecido na mobilidade urbana, relacionando-o ao comportamento, valores e atitudes dos usuários das vias públicas, sejam motoristas, pedestres, ciclistas ou motociclistas que circulem próximo aos Polos Geradores de Tráfego e Instituições de Interesse Social. Estes empreendimentos atraem um elevado número de viagens e oferecem serviços a pessoas de diferentes faixas etárias e condições físicas. Desse modo, a fim de alcançar os objetivos propostos, foram desenvolvidos os seguintes procedimentos metodológicos: levantamento de referencial teórico-conceitual acerca da temática em questão, realização de entrevistas despadronizadas, registro fotográfico, elaboração de mapas, aplicação de questionários, contagem volumétrica de veículos e pedestres. A análise dos resultados da pesquisa revelou os impactos gerados pelos empreendimentos ao sistema viário da área de sua influência e a relação entre o comportamento inadequado das pessoas ao circular, desrespeitando as normas de circulação e comprometendo o deslocamento e acesso às áreas selecionadas para estudo neste trabalho. / Mestre em Geografia

Mit der Verbreitung von Linux als Desktopsystem steigen auch die Anforderungen des Nutzers an multimediale Fähigkeiten wie z.B. das Anhören eines digitalisierten Musikstückes, die Einbindung einer Digitalkamera in die Bildverarbeitung, die Nutzung einer Radio/TV-Karte oder gar das Bearbeiten eines kleinen Videofilms.

I exhale. In the corner is a pile of cardboard boxes that I had just opened up. Stretched across the floor are many carefully measured lines of white duct tape. On the computer are countless browser tabs - from waves articles to small forums - telling me how to set up my new speakers. Equidistant triangles and other exact angles. All that is left to do is calibrate the volume so that each speaker reaches me equally. You see, I had decided to jump into surround sound. The thought of having a little personal cinema in my apartment to play with was not possible to pass on. I remember then sitting down in front of my digital audio workstation, with speakers surrounding me, and thinking.... Nowwhat? I had no idea what to do with it, what sound was supposed to go where, whether it should move or be still. I experimented with many surround things, never reaching a definite answer. I would go to the cinema to listen to other films - for research - but most of the time the sound never filled the room or left the screen, it is the spatial element of which I was mostly keen. What a waste. In the pursuit of discovering what surround means to me, the intimacy it can bring to a room; why mainstream films use it shyly, or don't use it at all. I discovered a rabbit hole. / <p>"Sound/Body" consists of a titular video essay, and "Surround/Body" - a complimentary text essay.</p>

La llegada del sonido 3D está imponiendo cambios en varias etapas del flujo de trabajo, desde los sistemas de captación hasta las metodologías de postproducción y las configuraciones de altavoces. Esta tesis trata varios aspectos relacionados con el audio 3D: en la parte de captación, presentamos un estudio sobre las características de los micrófonos tetraédricos y una solución para obtener las componentes Ambisonics del segundo orden usando un pequeño número de transductores del primer orden; en la parte de producción, se presenta una aplicación para la mezcla automatizada de eventos deportivos, para reducir la complexidad del multicanal en tiempo real; para la restitución del audio independiente del sistema de altavoces, en el que los niveles de salida a los altavoces son una incógnita hasta la decodificación, se propone un detector de clipping independiente del layout. Finalmente, se presentan test psico-acústicos para validar aspectos perceptivos relacionados con el audio 3D. / The advent of 3D audio is dictating changes in several stages of the audio work-flow, from recording systems and microphone configurations, to post-production methodologies and loudspeaker configurations. This thesis tackles aspects related to 3D audio arising in the various stages of production. In the recording part, we present a study on the accuracy of tetrahedral microphones and a solution for obtaining second-order Ambisonics responses from first-order transducers using a small number of sensors; in the production stage, we introduce an application for automated assisted mixing of sport events, to reduce the complexity of managing multiple audio channels in real time; a clipping detector is proposed for the rendering of layout-independent audio content to generic playback systems, where the signal levels sent to the speakers are unknown until the decoding stage; finally, psychoacoustic experiments are presented for the validation of perceptual and aesthetic aspects related to 3D audio.