Com a crescente busca por energia sustentável os países do mundo lutam para dominar tecnologias cada vez mais novas nesse mercado competitivo. Nesse âmbito a geração distribuída tem alavancado a maioria das novas pesquisas para geração ou cogeração de energia elétrica. Neste trabalho são propostos dois reatores de hidrogênio para operação de células combustíveis. A geração de hidrogênio de ambos os reatores ocorrerá por meio da reação entre água e alumínio assistido por hidróxido de sódio. Estudaram-se diversas variáveis acerca desta reação, sobretudo, a influência da temperatura e a concentração de hidróxido de sódio. Houve uma investigação dos aspectos sustentáveis do reator, evidenciando a importância industrial do resíduo do reator e a sua não degradação ambiental, bem como a possibilidade do uso de latas de alumínio vazias para a produção de hidrogênio para utilização em um PEMFC. / With the growing search for sustainable energy countries around the world struggle to dominate more and more new technologies in this competitive market. In this context distributed generation has leveraged most new research to generation or cogeneration of electricity. This paper proposes two reactors hydrogen fuel cell operation. The hydrogen generation from both reactors occurs by reaction between water and aluminium assisted by sodium hydroxide. They were studied on different variables of this reaction mainly the influence of the temperature and the concentration of sodium hydroxide. There was an investigation of sustainable aspects of the reactor, indicating the importance of the industrial reactor and its non-residue environmental degradation, as well as the possible use of empty aluminium cans for producing hydrogen for use in a PEMFC.

This dissertation explores the potential of renewable energy and efficiency strategies to solve the energy challenges faced by the people living in the biosphere reserve of El Vizcaíno, which is located in the North Pacific region of the Mexican state of Baja California Sur. This research setting provides a practical analytical milieu to understand better the multiple problems faced by practitioners and agencies trying to implement sustainable energy solutions in Mexico. The thesis starts with a literature review (chapter two) that examines accumulated international experience regarding the development of renewable energy projects as a prelude to identifying the most salient implementation barriers impeding this type of initiatives. Two particularly salient findings from the literature review include the importance of considering gender issues in energy analysis and the value of using participatory research methods. These findings informed fieldwork design and the analytical framework of the dissertation. Chapter three surveys electricity generation as well as residential and commercial electricity use in nine coastal communities located in El Vizcaíno. Chapter three summarizes the fieldwork methodology used, which relies on a mix of qualitative and quantitative research methods that aim at enabling a gender-disaggregated analysis to describe more accurately local energy uses, needs, and barriers. Chapter four describes the current plans of the state government, which are focused in expanding one of the state’s diesel-powered electricity grids to El Vizcaíno. The Chapter also examines the potential for replacing diesel generators with a combination of renewable energy systems and efficiency measures in the coastal communities sampled. Chapter five analyzes strategies to enable the implementation of sustainable energy approaches in El Vizcaíno. Chapter five highlights several international examples that could be useful to inform organizational changes at the federal and state level aimed at fostering renewable energy and efficiency initiatives that enhance energy security, protect the environment, and also increase economic opportunities in El Vizcaíno and elsewhere in Mexico. Chapter six concludes the thesis by providing: a summary of all key findings, a broad analysis of the implications of the research, and an overview of future lines of inquiry.

This dissertation explores the potential of renewable energy and efficiency strategies to solve the energy challenges faced by the people living in the biosphere reserve of El Vizcaíno, which is located in the North Pacific region of the Mexican state of Baja California Sur. This research setting provides a practical analytical milieu to understand better the multiple problems faced by practitioners and agencies trying to implement sustainable energy solutions in Mexico. The thesis starts with a literature review (chapter two) that examines accumulated international experience regarding the development of renewable energy projects as a prelude to identifying the most salient implementation barriers impeding this type of initiatives. Two particularly salient findings from the literature review include the importance of considering gender issues in energy analysis and the value of using participatory research methods. These findings informed fieldwork design and the analytical framework of the dissertation. Chapter three surveys electricity generation as well as residential and commercial electricity use in nine coastal communities located in El Vizcaíno. Chapter three summarizes the fieldwork methodology used, which relies on a mix of qualitative and quantitative research methods that aim at enabling a gender-disaggregated analysis to describe more accurately local energy uses, needs, and barriers. Chapter four describes the current plans of the state government, which are focused in expanding one of the state’s diesel-powered electricity grids to El Vizcaíno. The Chapter also examines the potential for replacing diesel generators with a combination of renewable energy systems and efficiency measures in the coastal communities sampled. Chapter five analyzes strategies to enable the implementation of sustainable energy approaches in El Vizcaíno. Chapter five highlights several international examples that could be useful to inform organizational changes at the federal and state level aimed at fostering renewable energy and efficiency initiatives that enhance energy security, protect the environment, and also increase economic opportunities in El Vizcaíno and elsewhere in Mexico. Chapter six concludes the thesis by providing: a summary of all key findings, a broad analysis of the implications of the research, and an overview of future lines of inquiry.

<p>ABSTRACT</p><p>Cities throughout Asia have experienced unprecedented economic development over the past decades. In many cases this has contributed to their rapid and uncontrolled growth, which has resulted in a multiplicity of problems, including rapid population increase, enhanced environmental pollution, collapsing traffic systems, dysfunctional waste management, and rapid increases in the consumption of energy, water and other resources. The significant energy use in cities is not very well perceived in Asian countries. Although a number of studies into energy consumption across various sectors have been conducted, most are from the national point of view. Energy demand analysis is not considered important at the level of the city. The thesis is focused on the dynamics of energy utilization in Asian mega-cities, and ultimately aims at providing strategies for maximizing the use of renewable energy in large urban systems.</p><p>The study aims at providing an in-depth understanding of the complex dynamics of energy utilization in urban mega-centers. An initial general analysis is complemented by a detailed study of the current situation and future outlook for the city of Bangkok, Thailand. An integrated approach applied to the study includes identification of the parameters that affect the utilization of energy in mega-cities and a detailed analysis of energy flows and their various subsystems, including commercial, industrial, residential and that of transportation. The study investigates and evaluates the energy models most commonly used for analyzing and simulating energy utilization. Its purpose is to provide a user-friendly tool suitable for decision-makers in developing an energy model for large cities. In addition, a Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) process has been developed to assess whether or not the energy systems meet the sustainability criteria.</p><p>A metabolic approach has been employed to analyze the energy flow and utilization in selected Asian mega-cities, including Bangkok, Beijing, Shanghai, and Tokyo. The approach is applied to measure the majority of indirect energy flows or the energy embodied in the flows of goods and services involving the residents of those cities. Since the function of cities is to serve the lives of the residents, indirect energy consumption could be regarded as being of equal importance as that of direct energy use. The essence of embodied energy is that an indirect reflection upon behavior following direct energy consumption. It can illustrate how a city relies on the outside, for example other cities, countries, etc. and provides some interesting information that cannot be easily drawn from the direct energy demand. The study reveals that the indirect energy demand is more significant than the direct energy demand in Bangkok, Shanghai, and Tokyo, while direct energy demand is greater than the indirect energy demand in Beijing. This can be explained by the fact that Bangkok, Shanghai, and Tokyo have a greater reliance upon the outside in terms of energy demand.</p><p>The Long-range Energy Alternative Planning (LEAP) system has been selected to perform Bangkok energy modeling. In a Bangkok case study a range of policy interventions are selected and how these would change the energy development in Bangkok by the year 2025 is examined. Different policies can be grouped by the sectors analyzed. The only supply-side policy considered meets an existing target of having 10% of electricity generated from renewable sources. The study period for the model started in 2005 and ends in 2025, with the year 2000 taken as the base year. The proposed scenarios were evaluated using the MCDM approach to rate their sustainability. Team members found that this method provided a methodology to help decision-makers to systematically identify management objectives and priorities.</p>

AstraZeneca is one of the largest biopharmaceutical companies in the world, and one of the facilities they have is located in Gärtuna, Södertälje. The facility itself is very big with a floor area of 560.000m2 and has a complex energy system. Caverion holds a facility management contract at AstraZenca, hence operates some of the energy system. The energy investigation of this thesis is part of the work of Caverion to ensure a sustainable energy system in Gärtuna. The energy investigation will include mapping of the energy distribution, seeking for potential of improvements and carry out suggestions for energy optimizations. The methods used during the investigation was a literature study, interviews with personnel of both Caverion and AstraZenca, study of the energy system and calculations relevant to the field of study. The mapping of the energy system includes the heat, steam and cooling distribution. When the mapping of the system was done it was clear that the areas with most potential for improvements were the steam and cooling distribution.The mapping of the steam distribution shows a loss of nearly 46% of the steam at year 2014 and the corresponding cost of about 13,640,000 SEK. Even though the steam distribution showed great potential for improvements, it was found that the work of investigating the system would be too difficult for the scope of the thesis. The cooling distribution however is more accessible and the potential is still high due to low coefficient of performance. Two suggestions for energy optimizations were carried out. The first suggestions involves upgraded electric fan motors for some of the cooling towers, and the second suggestion is to modify existing dry coolers in benefit to utilize free cooling during winter period. The fan motor upgrade based on calculations is estimated to result in a yearly energy saving of at least 1526 MWh and a corresponding cost saving of at least 800,000 SEK per year after the pay-off time (9 months). The dry cooler modification based on calculations is estimated to result in a yearly energy saving of 3053 MWh and a yearly cost saving of 2,083,449 SEK after the pay-off period of 5 months. The investigation carried out in this thesis is relevant to both Caverion and AstraZeneca as it points out the areas with potential of improvements and also gives suggestions on energy optimizations that will reduce energy consumption and result in energy cost savings.

Atsinaujinantys energijos ištekliai tampa vis svarbesne energetikos plėtros gaire Europoje ir pasaulyje. Kadangi atsinaujinantys energijos ištekliai yra neriboti, alternatyviai pakeičiantys kurui reikalingas žemės iškasenas, todėl jų panaudojimas iš esmės atitinka darnaus vystymosi koncepciją. Aprūpinimas saugia, nebrangia, aplinkai nekenksminga ir neišsenkančia energija yra darnios energetikos pagrindas. Taigi, atsinaujinantys, arba darnūs, energijos ištekliai yra reikšminga darnios plėtros dalis. Darbo objektas – „žalioji“ elektra. Darbo tikslas - išanalizuoti atsinaujinančių energijos išteklių vartojimą ir perspektyvas Lietuvoje, bei įvertinti įmonių pasiryžimą už „žaliąją“ elektrą mokėti brangiau. Pagrindiniai darbo uždaviniai atskleisti darnaus vystymosi koncepciją, išnagrinėti darnų energetikos vystymąsi, išanalizuoti rinkos trūkumų plėtros sąsajas ekonominėse teorijose, įvertinti energijos rinkų liberalizavimo naudą, apibrėžti atsinaujinančių išteklių rūšis, ištirti elektros energijos gautos iš atsinaujinančių energijos rūšių vartojimo tendencijas, įvardinti kliūtis trukdančias atsinaujinančių energijos išteklių vartojimo didėjimą, apžvelgti valstybės paramą skatinančią šių išteklių vartojimą, atlikti Kauno gamybinių įmonių tyrimą, įvertinant jų pasiryžimą už „žaliąją“ elektrą mokėti brangiau. Darbe iškeltos šios hipotezės: H1 - AEI negali konkuruoti elektros energijos rinkoje, dėl nesugebėjimo valdyti išorinių kaštų; H2 - Dėl nepakankamų AEI skatinimo priemonių... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Renewable energy resources are becoming an increasingly important energy development milestone in Europe and the world. Because renewable energy resources are unlimited, alternatively, replacing the fuel required for the mineral resource land, and therefore their use is broadly consistent with the concept of sustainable development. Provision of a safe, inexpensive, environmentally friendly and the unrelenting energy of a sustainable energy base. Thus, the renewable or sustainable energy resources is a significant part of sustainable development. Subject matter of the thesis – "green" electricity. Aim of the thesis – to examine the use of renewable energy resources and the prospects of Lithuania, and to assess readiness for the "green" electricity to pay a higher price. The main tasks of the work to reveal the concept of sustainable development, to consider sustainable energy development, to analyze weaknesses in the development of market linkages to economic theory, to evaluate the benefits of the liberalization of energy markets, to define the types of renewable resources, to investigate the electricity produced from renewable energy consumption trends, identify the obstacles hindering the use of renewable energy resources increase in the stock of public support to promote the use of these resources, to make Kaunas a study of industrial enterprises, to assess their readiness for the "green" electricity to pay a higher price. The paper raised the following hypotheses: H1 -... [to full text]

Clostridium thermocellum is a gram-positive, acetogenic, thermophilic, anaerobic bacterium that degrades cellulose and carries out mixed product fermentation, catabolising glucose to acetate, lactate, and ethanol under various growth conditions, with the concomitant release of H, and CO2. We have begun to investigate H2-production by C. thermocellum ATCC 27405 cultured in media containing different carbon sources, including glucose, cellobiose, crystalline cellulose, a-cellulose, paper, and delignified wood fibres. We have detected formate synthesis by C. thermocellum ATCC 27405 cultured on both cellobiose and a-cellulose. While formate synthesis has been reported for one strain of Clostridium thermocellum (strain I-1-B), numerous fermentation studies of C. thermocellum 27405 have failed to detect the presence of formate. Formate production was detected throughout growth, and pyruvate:formate lyase (PFL) enzyme activity was detected in late log and stationary phase in extracts of C. thermocellum cultured on cellobiose. Formate synthesis competes with the production of hydrogen (H2) as a fermentation end-product, and thus negatively impacts H2 yields. Bioinformatic analyses of the C. thermocellum genome identified genes encoding key enzymes in pyruvate catabolism pathways, including two putative lactate dehydrogenases (LDH), one PFL. four pyruvate:formate lyase activating enzymes, and at least three putative pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase (POR) or POR-like enzymes. Our data suggests that hydrogen may be generated through the action of either a Ferredoxin (Fd)-dependent NiFe hydrogenase, often referred to as "Energy-converting Hydrogenases" (Ech), or via NAD(P)H-dependent Fe-only hydrogenases which would permit H2 production from NADH generated during the glyeeraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase reaction. Furthermore, our findings show the presence of multiple genes putatively encoding NADH:Fd oxidoreductase; suggesting a possible mechanism in which electrons could be transferred from NADH to ferredoxin. The elucidation of pyruvate catabolism pathways and mechanisms of H2 synthesis is the first step in developing strategies to increase hydrogen yields from biomass. My studies have outlined the likely pathways leading to hydrogen synthesis in C, thermocellum ATCC 27405. The actual functional roles of these gene products during pyruvate catabolism and in H2 synthesis remain to be elucidated and will need to be confirmed using both expression analysis and protein characterization.

Clostridium thermocellum is a gram-positive, acetogenic, thermophilic, anaerobic bacterium that degrades cellulose and carries out mixed product fermentation, catabolising glucose to acetate, lactate, and ethanol under various growth conditions, with the concomitant release of H, and CO2. We have begun to investigate H2-production by C. thermocellum ATCC 27405 cultured in media containing different carbon sources, including glucose, cellobiose, crystalline cellulose, a-cellulose, paper, and delignified wood fibres. We have detected formate synthesis by C. thermocellum ATCC 27405 cultured on both cellobiose and a-cellulose. While formate synthesis has been reported for one strain of Clostridium thermocellum (strain I-1-B), numerous fermentation studies of C. thermocellum 27405 have failed to detect the presence of formate. Formate production was detected throughout growth, and pyruvate:formate lyase (PFL) enzyme activity was detected in late log and stationary phase in extracts of C. thermocellum cultured on cellobiose. Formate synthesis competes with the production of hydrogen (H2) as a fermentation end-product, and thus negatively impacts H2 yields. Bioinformatic analyses of the C. thermocellum genome identified genes encoding key enzymes in pyruvate catabolism pathways, including two putative lactate dehydrogenases (LDH), one PFL. four pyruvate:formate lyase activating enzymes, and at least three putative pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase (POR) or POR-like enzymes. Our data suggests that hydrogen may be generated through the action of either a Ferredoxin (Fd)-dependent NiFe hydrogenase, often referred to as "Energy-converting Hydrogenases" (Ech), or via NAD(P)H-dependent Fe-only hydrogenases which would permit H2 production from NADH generated during the glyeeraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase reaction. Furthermore, our findings show the presence of multiple genes putatively encoding NADH:Fd oxidoreductase; suggesting a possible mechanism in which electrons could be transferred from NADH to ferredoxin. The elucidation of pyruvate catabolism pathways and mechanisms of H2 synthesis is the first step in developing strategies to increase hydrogen yields from biomass. My studies have outlined the likely pathways leading to hydrogen synthesis in C, thermocellum ATCC 27405. The actual functional roles of these gene products during pyruvate catabolism and in H2 synthesis remain to be elucidated and will need to be confirmed using both expression analysis and protein characterization.

Im Kontext der Energiewende durchlebt die Energiewirtschaft in Deutschland gegenwärtig einen tiefgreifenden Strukturwandel. Der Trend zur Fragmentierung und Dezentralisierung von Marktteilnehmern wird sich in den nächsten Jahren fortsetzen und weiter beschleunigen. Die Komplexität des Energiesystems wird weiter steigen. Gleichzeitig ergeben sich im Zuge dieser Entwicklung für energiewirtschaftliche Akteure (Erzeuger, Verbraucher, Netze, Energiemärkte und IuK-Technologien) vielfältige wirtschaftliche Herausforderungen und Entwicklungsperspektiven. Das Konzept 'Ecosystems' eröffnet innovative Perspektiven auf die zu erwartenden energiewirtschaftlichen Entwicklungen. Es strukturiert das komplexe Zusammenspiel der einzelnen Akteure und Teilsysteme mit der Zielsetzung, das Gesamtsystem sicherer, effizienter und umweltverträglicher zu gestalten. Im Fokus der Energy EcoSystems Conference 2013 stehen hierbei vier Betrachtungsebenen – die physikalische Ebene, die IKT-Ebene, die ökonomische Ebene und die soziokulturelle Ebene – sowie deren ebenenübergreifenden Wechselwirkungen. Mit den Sessions 'Energy EcoSystems heute und morgen', 'Technische Informationsbedarfe im Energy EcoSystem', 'Vermarktung und Verbrauch im Energy EcoSystem\\\', \\\'Erneuerbare Energien im Energy EcoSystem', 'Innovationen im Energy EcoSystem' und 'Quo vadis Energy EcoSystems?' liegen die Schwerpunkte der Konferenz in der Systemintegration von Erneuerbare-Energie-Anlagen, der Flexibilisierung des Verbrauchs auf physikalischer und ökonomischer Ebene, der Standardisierung von Datenformaten und Kommunikationsprotokollen, der Umsetzung steigender informationstechnischer Anforderungen sowie in Ansätzen zur Optimierung des Gesamtsystems. Dieser Tagungsband beinhaltet die wissenschaftlichen Beiträge der Scientific Tracks sowie ausgewählte Präsentationen der Industrie Tracks der Konferenz. Dr. Gerd Arnold, Dr. Stefan Kühne, Johannes Schmidt und Dr. Andrej Werner – das Konferenzkomitee – danken den Teilnehmern für die hochwertigen wissenschaftlichen sowie praxisrelevanten Beiträge und Diskussionen. Weiterhin möchte sich das Konferenzkomitee bei den Projektförderern Sächsische Aufbaubank (SAB), Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF) sowie Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Technologie (BMWi) bedanken, welche durch unterschiedliche Förderprogramme die anstehenden Herausforderungen in der Energiewirtschaft und die Entwicklung hin zu einer erfolgreichen und exportierbaren Energiewende unterstützen. Besonderer Dank gilt den Sponsoren perdata Gesellschaft für Informationsverarbeitung mbH und GETEC net AG, durch deren Unterstützung viele Teilnehmer ihre Ergebnisse und Erkenntnisse auf der EcoSystems Conference 2013 vorstellen konnten. Das Konferenzkomitee dankt auch den Mitgliedern des Organisationskomitees –- Axel Hummel, Stefan Sprick und Robert Wehlitz –- für ihr persönliches Engagement und ihre tatkräftige operative Unterstützung. Weitere Informationen zur Energy EcoSystems Conference 2013 sowie die Folien der ReferentInnen finden Sie unter http://ees2013.infai.org. Alle Informationen zur nächsten Energy EcoSystems Conference werden unter http://ees.infai.org bekannt gegeben.:Sabine Wieland: Informationsarchitektur im Smart Meter Umfeld unter Berücksichtigung der aktuellen Netzsituation; Stefan Saatmann und Sandra Maeding: Energiewende und Regulierung — Wie werden Sonne und Wind im Stromnetz integriert und reguliert; Stefan Sprick, Tino Ryll, Kerstin Wurdinger, Andrej Werner, Bogdan Franczyk, Marcus Grieger, Jan Pfeifer und Robert Wehlitz: Regenerative Energien Management-Cockpit (REMC): Informationstransparenz in Energiewertschöpfungsnetzwerken; Hendrik Kondziella und Thomas Bruckner: Modellbasierte Investitionsentscheidungen in dezentralen Energiesystemen; Diana Böttger, Philipp Hanemann und Thomas Bruckner: Wirtschaftlichkeitsanalyse eines virtuellen Kraftwerks in Delitzsch innerhalb des EU-Projektes VIS NOVA; Robert Wehlitz, Andrej Werner, Marcus Grieger, Jan Pfeifer, Bogdan Franczyk, Stefan Sprick und Tino Ryll: Smart Meter Installation Management — Prototypgestützte Digitalisierung von Smart Meter Montageprozessen; Marcus Grieger, Andrej Werner, Robert Wehlitz, Jan Pfeifer, Stefan Sprick, Tino Ryll und Bogdan Franczyk: How ICT Could Accelerate the Smart Meter Installation Process — An Assessment of Rollout Experiences; Heiko Mevert: Smart-Metering: Theorie und Praxis; Hartmut Entrup: Anforderungen an IT-Systeme im Zuge der Einführung intelligenter Messsysteme; Martin Winter: Dynamische Anbindung dezentraler Energieanlagen mit IEC 61850; Olaf Krietsch: Verbindungen zwischen SRL-Anbieter und Übertragungsnetzbetreibern gemäß 'Mindestanforderungen an die Informationstechnik für die Erbringung von Sekundärregelleistung'; Sabrina Schlammerl: Innovative Services in der Windenergie: Der Einsatz von RDS-PP und dessen Bedeutung für das Life Cycle Management; Christian Schweitzer: Lebenslaufakte: Ganzheitlicher Ansatz für einen gesicherten Anlagenbetrieb; Rene Baumann: Vermarktungskonzepte für dezentrale Anlagen; Heike Diebler und Lutz Maicher: Energiekosten sparen durch Energetische Transparenz in der verarbeitenden Industrie – ein Praxisbericht; Philipp Guttenberg, Heinrich Hördegen: Betriebsoptimierung für Energiespeicher durch Energieflussmodellierung; Winfried Damm: Regenerative Energieversorgung einer Großstadt, Stadtwerke Leipzig; Uwe Härling: Herausforderungen der Energiewende für das Verteilnetz der MITNETZ STROM; Matthias Müller-Mienack: Integration Erneuerbarer Energien — Notwendige Werkzeuge für den ÜNB; Martin Jarosch-Mitko: Eine Integrationsplattform für Erneuerbare-Energie-Anlagen; Stephan Witt: Energiesysteme als Business Ecosystems – Bedeutung für die strategische Planung und das Innovationsmanagement am Beispiel dezentraler Netzsteuerungsparadigmen; Thomas Bruckner: Die Energiewende in Deutschland – Technologische Lösungen und energiewirtschaftliche Herausforderungen

The Energising Development (EnDev) initiative, for which the GIZ acts as implementing agency, promotes the supply of modern energy technologies to households and small‐scale businesses in the rural communities of 24 countries in Africa, Latin America and Asia. In Indonesia, this has been achieved through off‐grid micro‐hydro (MHP) and solar power mini‐grids and since 2006 230 MHP and 117 solar projects have been supported to varying degree at substantial cost, reaching more than 167 thousand people. The objective of this study is to assess this contribution of the EnDev-Indonesia initiative regarding the MHP performance and ultimate long‐term sustainability prospect of the rural energy infrastructure in the country. As such a comparison between EnDev and non-EnDev MHP projects in the country was undertaken and based on the established Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) survey methodology and the DB&amp;TO sustainability model specifically fashioned for the purpose of this study. This approach involved on‐site visits and comprises technical, social, economic and environmental aspects. As a result, the analysis has shown important differences among the different supporting schemes, with the second implementing phase (2009‐2012) of EnDev outranking the other systems largely due to the high level of technical sustainability achieved by these sites. Such a good performance is even more surprising considering that the EnDev1 sites implemented during the first phase of the program in the early years were among the least‐sustainable investigated in this study. However, despite the high costs necessary to reach such a high level of sustainability as regards the quality of the civil works and electro‐mechanical equipments, this aspect alone was found not enough to guarantee the long‐term sustainability of MHP in Indonesia. On the other hand, lack of social and economic sustainability appeared having fatal consequences onthe operations of many plants. Therefore, such complex interrelation among the different aspects of sustainability was investigated and also external factors, like the regional and cultural differences among the different beneficiaries, were addressed. Finally, recommendations for future eventual courses of action were proposed.