The 26th of March the European Parliament voted for the directive Proposal for a Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council on Copyright in the Digital Single Market (COM/2016/0593).The directive was then voted through by the Council of Ministers on April 25th and should be implemented into each union states legislation within 24 months. The Directive came to be very controversial and heavily debated in the media, where it has been depicted as either a threat to freedom of speech or as the salvation of copyright owners. Citizens of the Union usually have poor insight in the work of EU and media are the citizens single largest link between them and the Union. What the media reports is interesting to study by the three fundamental democratic values transparency, influence, and accountability. This paper uses a qualitative content analysis with an inductive approach to examine the debate around the Copyright Directive and to highlight the most distinctive arguments and people in the debate in order to examine the results from a democratic perspective. The most striking arguments in the debate is that the basic principles of copyright must be strengthened, that opponents / advocates lacks knowledge, that the Directive contributes to censorship of the internet and a link tax, and that the big internet corporations must take responsibility. Advocates are primarily copyright owners who strive for their rights to receive an income from their work, while opponents are primarily specialists in the field or internet companies who are concerned about the implications of the directive.

Aim  With this study we want to highlight and analyze the media spin of the PR campaign Miss Skinny by clarifying; a diffusion pattern which covers posts published by bloggers and journalists; a framing pattern from the first audited post to the last; how journalists are influenced by user generated content, and what consequences this may have for the news coverage. Method  We have conducted a studied of news posts and blog posts about the Swedish PR campaign Miss Skinny through content analysis, diffusion analysis and mapped direct links between blog posts and news posts. Main result  We found that a surprisingly large amount of news postings contained direct links to previous blog posts and that the former media serial no longer can be applied on today's modern media where journalists and other players come together on the converged media arena.

The overarching aim of this essay is to chart how Swedish news papers have framed refugees and the refugee crisis during 2013, 2015 and 2017 and if there has been a shift in the usage. The paper searches to do so by examining editorial articles from two of the biggest newspapers in Sweden, Aftonbladet and Svenska Dagbladet. The two papers have opposite ideological views; however, they are both independent from political parties. Drawing on an analytical framework elaborated in earlier studies the study uses frame analysis to examine the different usage made during each year. The study finds that the most dominant frame during the time is the responsibility frame, focusing on the responsibility and/or lack of responsibility taken by the government in relation to the refugees. It is also observed that the shift in usage of the human interest-frame and the economical frame is the most distinguishable, where the use of the first-named decrease while the other increase in 2015 compared with 2013. It is also observed that the content of these frames varies among the examined years. The conclusion of the essay is that the framing of refugees has changed not only under the researched years but over all and that the usage is in constant movement.

The idea of what is suitable for children depends on the understandings and expectations of what childhood is and should contain. While "suitable" films have been praised for their obvious pedagogic function, "non-suitable" films (such as popular and violent films) have also managed to emerge into the film pedagogic context with varying arguments, e.g. that film education should reflect the reality of the youth or that children will see the films anyway and need guidance.     This thesis explores a contemporary Swedish example of a contested children's film that was produced for school cinema but classified as harmful for children under the age of fifteen by the Swedish Media Council. By situating the case in relation to film pedagogic history and aspects from  the use of violent films in the 1980's, the study shows how the film pedagogic discourse can be influenced by an anxiety concerning the "child's best".  The study enhances the significant role of "enthusiastic teachers" and  the importance of considering the current film pedagogic conditions.

Media is a powerful agent within society, that works as a gatekeeper for the media arena and therefore decides what topics are discussed and which are not (Pinto et al., 2016; Anderson, 2009) By setting the agenda and by framing messages, media can influence the public perception and therefor also the culture within society. However, it is said that media will reflect the most dominant culture within society, it is therefore of interest to see how the Swedish media portray and frame Swedish milk and the milk industry, that on hand is argued to be a threat towards the climate but on the other hand has a long history of being connected to the Swedish culture. When studying the four most read newspapers in Sweden published between 2012 and 2017 we found that even if the Swedish milk and the milk industry was questioned for being unhealthy or argued for being an environmental threat, the positive framing of milk was always more visible. Environmental impacts of milk and the milk industry was repeatedly downsized and even spoken for in opposite direction, that the Swedish milk and the Swedish milk industry is good for the environment. This would suggest that the strong position of milk within the Swedish society have the ability to undermine any threat, it is therefor of interest to further study the culture aspects of media framing not at least connected to products that is in many studies argued for being an environmental threat. Due to impact media may have on the society, how media frame and portray sustainability and sustainable products is of high interest for further research. More research is also needed to understand who gets to use the media arena to convey their messages, not at least within the topic of sustainability.

The premise of this thesis was to investigate how one national news outlet (Dagens Nyheter) in Sweden portrayed sex workers and sex buyers in their article series Skuggsidan. The series, published in effect of a famous TV-persona’s sex buying scandal in May of 2020, included interviews with former female sex workers, two case worker from a help organization and one former male sex buyer. By adopting Fairclough’s three- dimensional model as method, the series was analysed and compared against the concept of folkhemmet as well as an intersectional and poststructuralist feminist theoretical framework. The analyses distinguished two main themes, indicating the series follows a traditional Swedish radical feminist view of sex buyers as deviant individuals with obscured ideas and sexual habits; and sex sellers as victims in need of rehabilitation and intervention. The analysis also pointed out a binary discourse of the sex worker and the sex buyer, where the man is the assumed buyers and the woman the assumed sellers, effectively excluding other gender identities from the narrative. Lastly, the series lacked intersectional sensitivity to multi-layered identities, specifically when it comes to migrant sex workers in Sweden. This thesis argues there is an urgent need for further empirical research to get a comprehensive and fair view of sex industry to address future challenges in the field.

This paper addresses the pressing problem of the surge in crime in Sweden, which has led to substantial uncertainty about its underlying causes. By investigating the correlation between socio-economic factors and crime on a municipality level from 2015 to 2020, we aim to provide valuable insights into understanding and effectively tackling this issue. Specifically, we examine the role of male immigrants, income, education level, and population density, contributing to the field of economics by shedding light on potential economic policies that can effectively reduce overall crime rates. Additionally, we focus on gun violence, considering Sweden's notorious reputation in recent years, to comprehensively analyze the relationship between these factors and crime. Our empirical analysis, employing the Fixed Effects Model and Pearson Correlation Matrix, explores these connections, revealing both inconclusive evidence regarding the link between immigration and crime and ambiguous conclusions for the remaining independent variables. These findings have important implications for policymakers striving to address the urgent problem of rising crime in Sweden.

Bakom Rubrikerna (Behind the headlines) is a project that uses visual communication and the idea of negative space to critique Swedish media, politicians, and the discourse regarding refugees with different backgrounds (cultural, geographical, socioeconomical, religious, political) and ethnicities. It explores the concept of selective sympathy and what role media, especially newsprints, have in recreating harmful narratives around certain refugees. The project aims to give the reader a deeper understanding of the harmful Eurocentric and xenophobic views that influence refugee politics and media’s coverage of the two different refugee (human) crises, in 2015 and today, in 2022.

A victory isn’t always a victory. This study uncovers the differences in the framing of the former president of the Spanish football federation Luis Rubiales and the Spanish football player Jennifer Hermoso. A kiss between the two during the world cup victory celebration made headlines throughout the world and stirred up a big storm about equality in sports, leaving a dark cloud over the event that should have been a happy moment. The purpose of the study is to examine how Luis Rubiales and Jennifer Hermoso are framed in the Swedish newspaper Dagens Nyheter and the Spanish newspaper El País. This to draw attention to how genders are represented differently in news media outlets. With a quantitative content analysis this study researched the framing of the two main characters with 100 articles from Dagens Nyheter and El País with 50 from each newspaper.  This study emphasizes theories of framing, gender and stereotypes to help research these matters and together with that and former research it was possible to extract a result from this study. The results show that there are differences in framing both between the newspapers and between Rubiales and Hermoso. Even though both newspapers are located in countries who are listed at the very top of lists of the most equal countries in Europe the study shows that both of the newspapers still use a prominent amount of stereotypical framing. Even though Luis Rubiales was found guilty in the end and suspended from all forms of engagements in football by FIFA, Hermoso was held responsible 13 times in the articles. To sum this up it is possible to conclude that there still are a lot of differences between how women and men are framed in newspapers even though countries are said to have a high level of equality.

Denna jämförande studie ser på hur karriärmän och karriärkvinnor och deras kompetens konstrueras i svensk media. Analysmaterialet består av åtta artiklar från tidningen Karriär. Studiens syfte är att undersöka hur karriärkvinnor och karriärmän representeras och hur deras kompetens konstrueras i svensk media. Mot bakgrund av att arbetsmarknaden är ojämställd vill vi se om det finns någon skillnad mellan hur respektive kön representeras i artiklarna. För att se hur karriärpersoner konstrueras i media använder vi metoden CDA, kritisk diskursanalys. Studiens teoretiska ramverk utgörs av definitioner av begreppen karriär och kompetens samt av teorier om kulturteoretiskt perspektiv, representation och genussystem. Artiklarna har analyserats utifrån analysbegreppen lexikala val och utelämningar, samt analysfrågor som formats utifrån begreppet kompetens och Lindelöws kompetensmodell. Dessa analysverktyg har möjliggjort en kvalitativ kritisk studie av språket i artiklarna. Utifrån olika mönster som går att tyda i språket i artiklarna har materialet delats in i fyra olika diskursiva teman; män är mer kompetenta än kvinnor, privatliv är en kvinnosak, kvinnor får sin karriär och hängivna män gör allt för sina förtjänade karriärer. Flera av dessa teman går att koppla till hur kärriärpersonerna framstår som kompetenta utifrån studiens teoretiska ramverk och tidigare forskning. Studiens resultat visar att män framstår som mer kompetenta än kvinnor. Detta bland annat på grund av att de har en mer heltäckande kompetens utifrån att olika delar av texten implicit och explicit antyder att män är mer kompetenta och mer lämpade att göra karriär. Resultatet visar även flera olikheter i representationen av karriärmän och karriärkvinnor. / This study views how career men and career women and their competence is constructed in Swedish media. The material in this study is based on eight different articles from the Swedish magazine Karriär. The purpose of the study is to investigate how career men and career women and their competence is constructed in Swedish media. With a background of that the Swedish labour market is unequal, we want to investigate if there are any differences about how gender is represented in the articles. To be able to examine how this is constructed in the Swedish media the method CDA, Critical Discourse Analysis is used. The theoretical framework is based on the definition of the concepts of career and competence and of the theories of; cultural theory, representation and the gendersystem. The articles have been analyzed based on the analytical concepts of suppression, lexicalization and on the definition of competence and Lindelöw’s competency model. These analytical tools have made it possible to do an qualitative critical discourse analysis of the language in the articles. Based on the patterns that has been interpreted from the language in the articles, the material has been divided into four thematic discourses; men are more competent than women, private life is a women’s matter, women receive their career and devoted men do everything for their earned careers. The most essential theme is that men are more competent than women. The study mainly shows that men appears to have more competence than women. This is because of that men seem to have a more comprehensive competence based on that different parts of the texts implicitly and explicitly implies that men are more competent and better suited for doing a career. The results also shows multiple differences in the representation of career men and career women.