Turnover of personnel within the Swedish Police Authority has during the last few years increased and there is today a lower number of police officers working in the field (SVT, 2018b). This lack of personnel can be explained by a decreased interest in applying for the police academy as well as more officers deciding to voluntarily terminate their employment (SVT, 2018a). This can generate thoughts regarding possible reasons for voluntary turnover. The chairman of the Swedish Police Union, Lena Nitz (SVT, 2018c) addresses that a crucial factor to reduce the amount of voluntary turnover is an improved work environment. The aim of this study is to analyze the psychosocial work environment for patrolling police officers and to gain knowledge if elements in it might make certain police officers choose to terminate their employment. Previous research within the field tend to separately study police officers psychosocial work environment and turnover within police authorities and has indicated that the psychosocial work environment can cause stress and emotional exhaustion. Further research shows that emotional labor is common within police work and that voluntary turnover is the main form of turnover for police officers. This study has consisted of qualitative interviews with employed as well as previously employed police officers who voluntarily terminated their employment. Our conclusions demonstrate that the psychosocial work environment for Swedish police officers tends to be characterized as unpredictable, exposed and psychologically demanding. The foremost reasons for voluntary turnover have been considerably low salaries in relation to the demands, lack of appreciation from the organization and the shortages of manpower within the Swedish police authority. / Den svenska polismyndighetens personalomsattning har under de senaste aren okat och vi har idag den lagsta polistatheten pa over tio ar (SVT, 2018b). Denna polisbrist kan forklaras genom att allt farre valjer att utbilda sig till polis samtidigt som fler yrkesverksamma poliser frivilligt valjer att avsluta sin anstallning (SVT, 2018a). Detta kan foranleda tankar om vad den okade mangden frivilliga uppsagningar grundar sig i. Polisforbundets ordforande Lena Nitz (SVT, 2018c) poangterar att en avgorande faktor for att minska antalet frivilliga uppsagningar ar en forbattrad arbetsmiljo. Syftet med foljande uppsats ar darfor att analysera den psykosociala arbetsmiljon for poliser i yttre tjanst samt komma fram till om nagot i den gor att vissa poliser valjer alternativt skulle valja att avsluta sin anstallning. Den tidigare forskningen kring dessa omraden tenderas att behandlas separat och polisers psykosociala arbetsmiljo har visats orsaka stress och andra utmattningssyndrom. Vidare belyser forskning hur emotionellt arbete ar vanligt forekommande inom polisyrket samt att frivilliga uppsagningar ar den framsta orsaken till personalomsattning for poliser. Denna studie baseras pa kvalitativa intervjuer med yrkesverksamma poliser samt poliser som avslutat sin anstallning. Studien har resulterat i slutsatser som pavisat att polisernas psykosociala arbetsmiljo praglas av att vara psykiskt kravande, utsatt och oforutsagbar. De framsta anledningarna for frivilliga uppsagningar inom polisen ar att lonen inte ar skalig i relation till arbetets krav, brist pa uppskattning fran organisationen samt en brist pa personal.

Community policing has been developed in the Anglo-American countries and implemented in the Swedish Police Authority during the last years. One of its main goals is to reach a proximity to citizens and thereby increase the level of trust. A qualitative interview study is used to scruti-nize how community policing stands as a trust-building method, by looking closer into the police trust to citizens connected to their approach to community policing and identifying potential dif-ferences in the police organization. The result shows a deviation in the police’s trust in citizens which relates to their approach to community policing. Partially, a difference is reflected in the police perception of the citizens’ perspectives and ability to comprehend the police profession, indicating that the citizen role should rather be of informative than of participating character. To-gether with a review on earlier research of what constitutes trust and demonstrated deficiencies in the implementation of community policing in the Swedish Police Authority, the results imply a weak foundation for police pledges as an effective measure to gain trust.

<p>Krisstöd som syftar till att lindra stress för poliser i yttre tjänst är en förutsättning för att uppnå en god arbetsmiljö. Enligt tidigare forskning bör personers behov och inställning tas i beaktande vid planeringen av krisstöd. Vad personer har för inställning till krisstöd kan studeras i form av attityder. Personers självkänsla är besläktat med känslighet för stress vilket kan påverka behov av krisstöd. Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka om copingresurser och självkänsla hade någon betydelse för attityd till krisstöd. Poliser i yttre tjänst deltog (<em>N</em> = 101, varav 29 kvinnor). Coping Resource Inventory (CRI), två skalor av självkänsla samt ett eget konstruerat frågeformulär för mätning av attityder till krisstöd användes. Resultaten visade att copingresurser och självkänsla hade betydelse för positiv attityd till krisstöd. Detta indikerar att högre bassjälvkänsla och högre copingresurser, via mer positiv attityd, utgör en nyckel till ett mer lyckat krisstöd.</p>

Krisstöd som syftar till att lindra stress för poliser i yttre tjänst är en förutsättning för att uppnå en god arbetsmiljö. Enligt tidigare forskning bör personers behov och inställning tas i beaktande vid planeringen av krisstöd. Vad personer har för inställning till krisstöd kan studeras i form av attityder. Personers självkänsla är besläktat med känslighet för stress vilket kan påverka behov av krisstöd. Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka om copingresurser och självkänsla hade någon betydelse för attityd till krisstöd. Poliser i yttre tjänst deltog (N = 101, varav 29 kvinnor). Coping Resource Inventory (CRI), två skalor av självkänsla samt ett eget konstruerat frågeformulär för mätning av attityder till krisstöd användes. Resultaten visade att copingresurser och självkänsla hade betydelse för positiv attityd till krisstöd. Detta indikerar att högre bassjälvkänsla och högre copingresurser, via mer positiv attityd, utgör en nyckel till ett mer lyckat krisstöd.

Context. According to Swedish National Council for Crime Prevention, there is an increase of 19% in residential burglary crimes in Sweden over the last decade and only 5% of the total crimes reported were actually solved by the law enforcement agencies. In order to solve these cases quickly and efficiently, the law enforcement agencies has to look into the possible linked serial crimes. Many studies have suggested to link crimes based on Modus Operendi and other characteristic. Sometimes crimes which are not possible to travel spatially with in the reported times but have similar Modus Operendi are also grouped as linked crimes. Investigating such crimes could possibly waste the resources of the law enforcement agencies. Objectives. In this study, we investigate the possibility of the usage of travel distance and travel duration between different crime locations while linking the residential burglary crimes. A filtering method has been designed and implemented for filtering the unlinked crimes from the estimated linked crimes by utilizing the distance and duration values. Methods. The objectives in this study are satisfied by conducting an experiment. The travel distance and travel duration values are obtained from various online direction services. The filtering method was first validated on ground truth represented by known linked crime series and then it was used to filter out crimes from the estimated linked crimes. Results. The filtering method had removed a total of 4% unlinked crimes from the estimated linked crime series when the travel mode is considered as driving. Whereas it had removed a total of 23% unlinked crimes from the estimated linked crime series when the travel mode is considered as walking. Also it was found that a burglar can take an average of 900 seconds (15 minutes) for committing a burglary. Conclusions. From this study it is evident that the usage of spatial and temporal values in linking residential burglaries gives effective crime links in a series. Also, the usage of Google Maps for getting distance and duration values can increase the overall performance of the filtering method in linking crimes.

The Swedish police authority is an extended arm of the Swedish government. The government implements governmental policies for its authorities, aiming at sustaining and improving the safety and wellbeing of society. In Sweden, one of the main policy safeguards is gender equality, which has been the focus of this study. It builds upon a well-established regulatory system for the representation of women in leading positions and argues for the benefits associated with tackling certain equality challenges. Up until now, most of the scholarly contributions on organization management, in relation to governmental policy, have dealt with leadership power and its efficiency, rather than equality. This study showed that the contemporary application of governmental policy has an impact on organizational culture. Through policy, gender equality could be increased as it encompasses potential benefits associated with leadership and power distribution. The study showed that this is also the case for the police authorities in Sweden in which applying gender policies has implications for managers' decisions when these are used to make the organizational leadership structures more equal. The application of policies to allow gender equality has also implications for employees regarding their work performances when advancing up in hierarchies.

For an organization to become successful, creating an attractive environment with an atmosphere that both encourages, as well as motivates its employees, is vital. Furthermore, when wanting the employees to reach their optimal performance, good leadership is crucial. A leader’s visions and goals should be communicated to the employees to obtain maximized results within the organization. The research focuses on the motivation within the Swedish Police Department and its existing leadership. This paper aims to analyse and investigate the main motivational tools that are used by the Police Chiefs within the Swedish Police Department for motivating their subordinates. There will also be an investigation of whether the tools used correspond to the officers’ underlying motivation factors.In this paper, three different divisions of the Swedish Police Department were investigated: Field Operations, Criminal Investigations, and Crime Preventions. The reason for using different departments in this study was primarily to better reflect the Swedish Police Department. To answer the research question, a qualitative research method was used along with a data-collection consisting of interviews with a total of twelve respondents. The results showed that the used leadership tools do not fully correspond to police officers' motivation factors.

This thesis aims to analyze and trace gender normativities and stereotypes in the testimoniesfrom the #metoo call #nödvärn (2017) and #nödvärn 2.0 (n.d) in Sweden within the policedepartment. This thesis includes a qualitative thematic analysis of the material combined witha positioning theory. The analysis is based on testimonies from #nödvärn and #nödvärn 2.0regarding harassments inside the Swedish police force. The theoretical framework in thisthesis are based on queer theory with concepts like gender norm, normativities andstereotyping that are illuminating in the material. The thesis also includes an intersectionalapproach to understand the hierarchical perspective between gender and sexuality that areconsisting through the material. This thesis contributes to research due to the missing LGBTQperspective. The analysis shows clearly stated gender stereotypes in both genders, but alsodifferent stereotypes according to status and sexuality in the testimonies. This with a strongconnection to the macho norm that are consisting throughout the previous research andanalysis, with other normativities illustrated such as gender normative and heteronormativity.Finally, there is a hierarchical level illustrated in the analysis related to inclusion andexclusion by categorization.

Organizational culture is a comprehensive concept and is defined as norms, values and ideasof an organization. All organizations consist of management but what influences themanagement? What influences the orientation of activities? It could be interesting to reflecton which objectives the leadership form in the organization and which factors affect theformulation of the objectives. Could it be the underlying norms in the organization? Doesorganizational culture matter? Research shows that the police authority has a strongorganizational culture. The aim of this essay is to analyze the organizational culture andmanagement of the Swedish police authority. In order to gain a deeper insight into a policeorganization the police in Umeå will also be studied. In this paper organizational culture hasbeen operationalised as norms. The formal and informal organization of the police has beenstudied and thus the formal and informal norms. The questions of this essay are to investigatewhat characterizes the organizational culture and how the culture affects the management ofthe police. The methods in this graduation project are based on organizational analysis wherethe data collection has been done partly through literature review but also through interviews.The results show that different kinds of cultures occur in the Swedish police authority and theculture contains both formal and informal norms. The results also show that the cultureinfluences the objectives that are formulated, in particular with regard to a changing culturewhich requires other types of objectives. However the results indicate that the organizationalculture and the management are strongly correlated since the cultures themselves arecharacterized by objectives. The conclusions of this work are as previously mentioned thatthe culture is characterized by formal and informal norms. The culture must consist ofspecific norms in order for the police to fulfill their missions. Norms also arise morespontaneously in interaction with colleagues and the environment. Finally as previouslymentioned the organizational culture have an impact on the management.

In the year of 2013, Swedish media accused the Swedish police for the implementation of discriminatory internal controls of foreigners, in Malmö, Stockholm and other places across Sweden. The controls were soon to be linked to project REVA. In this thesis, I examine how the internal controls of foreigners measure up to the Swedish Aliens act and whether or not the accusations of discriminatory controls against individuals with a perceived foreign appearance, are correct. The examination includes a legal approach, where I use practical legal method to analyze the provisions of the Aliens act, as well as an evolving conceptual approach, where I evolve the concept of discrimination in order to apply it to the controls. I found that it is possible to link project REVA to the external work with the internal controls of foreigners, despite the denial from people involved. I also found that, because of unclear regulations regarding the implementation of the internal controls of foreigners, it is not possible to assess how the controls measure up to the Swedish Aliens act. Some of the controls, most probably, can be identified as directly and indirectly discriminatory. The problem with this statement is the difficulty to measure police officers decision-making in order to confirm the discriminatory behavior. However, I argue that it is possible to claim that the Aliens act might be indirectly discriminatory. The results of this thesis indicate that the Swedish police should review their practices regarding internal controls of foreigners.