Nesta tese visamos o entendimento aprofundado dos processos e mecanismos que influenciam a performance de células solares sensibilizadas por corante (DSCs), particularmente a influência das interfaces TiO2/corante, TiO2/eletrólito e rutilo/anatase, assim contribuindo para obter dispositivos eficientes. Nesse sentido, foi investigada a influência das propriedades eletrônicas do novo corante [Ru(dcbpyH2)2(tmtH2)]Cl associadas às transições de transferência de carga MLCT e LMCT sobre a eficiência de fotoinjeção e fotoconversão de energia solar nas DSCs. Por meio da aplicação das espécies isoladas (Bu4N)3[Ru(dcbpy)2(tmtH2)], (Bu4N)4[Ru(dcbpy)2(tmtH)] e (Bu4N)5[Ru(dcbpy)2(tmt)] em DSCs, foram demonstradas as contribuições de duas bandas MLCTs e uma LMCT para a fotoconversão de energia, que foram reveladas por deconvolução dos espectros de fotoação. Além disso, aquelas espécies apresentaram valores de eficiência global corrigidos pela quantidade de corante adsorvido no TiO2 maiores do que o corante N719, indicando que os novos corantes de rutênio têm potencial de aplicação como fotossensibilizadores de células solares. Também foi investigado o mecanismo do efeito sinérgico observado em misturas de rutilo e de anatase por meio do estudo das contribuições dos processos de recombinação e de difusão de elétrons nos filmes mesoporosos mistos de TiO2 sobre a performance das DSCs, em função da distribuição daqueles nanocristais em diferentes proporções, confirmadas por microscopia Raman confocal. A impedância das interfaces/junções presentes nas DSCs foi caracterizada por espectroscopia de impedância eletroquímica (EIS) para determinação de parâmetros fundamentais como capacitância química, resistência de difusão, resistências de recombinação, coeficiente de difusão, tempo de vida e comprimento de difusão dos elétrons dos filmes mistos de TiO2. As características I x V das células solares, ou seja, os parâmetros de eficiência global (η), densidade de corrente de curto-circuito (Jsc), voltagem de circuito-aberto (Voc) e fator de preenchimento (FF) foram relacionados com os parâmetros de impedância e o grau de homogeneidade das misturas de nanopartículas de rutilo e de anatase. Em particular, foi demonstrado o papel fundamental das propriedades de difusão de elétrons nos filmes mistos de TiO2 para o aumento da performance das DSCs. Os estudos de simulação dos espectros de impedância de filmes mistos não homogêneos de TiO2 comercial Aldrich mostraram que o coeficiente de difusão de elétrons desses materiais apresenta um máximo na região de 15% de rutilo e 85% anatase, coincidindo com o máximo de eficiência das DSCs de mesma composição. De fato, diferenças sutis nas contribuições da capacitância química e resistência de difusão foram responsáveis pelo aumento do coeficiente de difusão das DSCs baseadas em filmes mistos não homogêneos de TiO2. Por outro lado, quando foi aumentada a área de contato entre as nanopartículas de anatase e de rutilo, foi observado um aumento da capacitância química e tempo de vida dos elétrons nos filmes mistos homogêneos de TiO2. Estes foram atribuídos ao aumento da eficiência de transferência de elétrons entre os nanocristais de rutilo e de anatase, que diminuiram a recombinação de elétrons e promoveram a estabilização de cargas na banda de condução do TiO2. / The understanding of the detailed mechanism and processes that influence the performance of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs), particularly the influence of TiO2/dye, TiO2/electrolyte and rutile/anatase interfaces, thus contributing to increase the efficiency of that devices, is the main goal of this thesis. Accordingly, we investigated the influence of the electronic properties of the new dye [Ru(dcbpyH2)2(tmtH2)]Cl associated the MLCT and LMCT charge transfer transitions on the efficiency of photoinjection and solar energy photoconversion in DSCs. The species (Bu4N)3[Ru(dcbpy)2(tmtH2)], (Bu4N)4[Ru(dcbpy)2(tmtH)] and (Bu4N)5[Ru(dcbpy)2(tmt)] were isolated and used in DSCs, revealing the contributions of two MLCTs and a LMCT band for energy conversion by deconvolution of the photoaction spectra. Interestingly, these new ruthenium dyes presented overall efficiency normalized by the amount of dye adsorbed on TiO2 larger than for the N719 dye, indicating a potential for application as photosensitizers. The mechanism of the synergistic effect observed in blends of rutile and anatase was investigated studying the contributions of the recombination and electron diffusion processes in mesoporous mixed TiO2 films on the performance of DSCs, as a function of the distribution of those nanocrystals in different proportions, as confirmed by Raman microscopy (Confocal). The impedance of interfaces/junctions present in the DSCs was carefully characterized by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) to determine key parameters such as chemical capacitance, diffusion resistance, recombination resistance, diffusion coefficient, lifetime and the electron diffusion length in mixed TiO2 films. The I x V characteristics, i.e. the overall efficiency parameter (η), density of short circuit current (Jsc), open-circuit voltage (Voc) and fill factor (FF) of solar cells were correlated with the impedance parameters and the degree of homogeneity of mixtures of rutile and anatase nanoparticles. In fact, the essential role of electron diffusion properties in the mixed TiO2 films on the performance of DSCs was demonstrated. Impedance studies of low homogeneity mixed films prepared with commercial TiO2 (Aldrich) by fitting the experimental spectra with a suitable equivalent circuit revealed that the electron diffusion coefficient of these materials exhibits a maximum at 15% rutile and 85% anatase, as expected based on the synergic effect in DSCs. In fact, subtle differences in the contributions of chemical capacitance and diffusion resistance were responsible for the increase of the electron diffusion coefficient in low homogeneity mixed TiO2 films. On the other hand, an increase in the anatase and rutile nanoparticles contact area reflected positively in the chemical capacitance and electron lifetime, as expected for an enhanced electron transfer efficiency between the rutile and anatase nanocrystals, thus decreasing the electron recombination and increasing the stability of the photoinjected charge on the TiO2 conduction band.

Nesta tese visamos o entendimento aprofundado dos processos e mecanismos que influenciam a performance de células solares sensibilizadas por corante (DSCs), particularmente a influência das interfaces TiO2/corante, TiO2/eletrólito e rutilo/anatase, assim contribuindo para obter dispositivos eficientes. Nesse sentido, foi investigada a influência das propriedades eletrônicas do novo corante [Ru(dcbpyH2)2(tmtH2)]Cl associadas às transições de transferência de carga MLCT e LMCT sobre a eficiência de fotoinjeção e fotoconversão de energia solar nas DSCs. Por meio da aplicação das espécies isoladas (Bu4N)3[Ru(dcbpy)2(tmtH2)], (Bu4N)4[Ru(dcbpy)2(tmtH)] e (Bu4N)5[Ru(dcbpy)2(tmt)] em DSCs, foram demonstradas as contribuições de duas bandas MLCTs e uma LMCT para a fotoconversão de energia, que foram reveladas por deconvolução dos espectros de fotoação. Além disso, aquelas espécies apresentaram valores de eficiência global corrigidos pela quantidade de corante adsorvido no TiO2 maiores do que o corante N719, indicando que os novos corantes de rutênio têm potencial de aplicação como fotossensibilizadores de células solares. Também foi investigado o mecanismo do efeito sinérgico observado em misturas de rutilo e de anatase por meio do estudo das contribuições dos processos de recombinação e de difusão de elétrons nos filmes mesoporosos mistos de TiO2 sobre a performance das DSCs, em função da distribuição daqueles nanocristais em diferentes proporções, confirmadas por microscopia Raman confocal. A impedância das interfaces/junções presentes nas DSCs foi caracterizada por espectroscopia de impedância eletroquímica (EIS) para determinação de parâmetros fundamentais como capacitância química, resistência de difusão, resistências de recombinação, coeficiente de difusão, tempo de vida e comprimento de difusão dos elétrons dos filmes mistos de TiO2. As características I x V das células solares, ou seja, os parâmetros de eficiência global (η), densidade de corrente de curto-circuito (Jsc), voltagem de circuito-aberto (Voc) e fator de preenchimento (FF) foram relacionados com os parâmetros de impedância e o grau de homogeneidade das misturas de nanopartículas de rutilo e de anatase. Em particular, foi demonstrado o papel fundamental das propriedades de difusão de elétrons nos filmes mistos de TiO2 para o aumento da performance das DSCs. Os estudos de simulação dos espectros de impedância de filmes mistos não homogêneos de TiO2 comercial Aldrich mostraram que o coeficiente de difusão de elétrons desses materiais apresenta um máximo na região de 15% de rutilo e 85% anatase, coincidindo com o máximo de eficiência das DSCs de mesma composição. De fato, diferenças sutis nas contribuições da capacitância química e resistência de difusão foram responsáveis pelo aumento do coeficiente de difusão das DSCs baseadas em filmes mistos não homogêneos de TiO2. Por outro lado, quando foi aumentada a área de contato entre as nanopartículas de anatase e de rutilo, foi observado um aumento da capacitância química e tempo de vida dos elétrons nos filmes mistos homogêneos de TiO2. Estes foram atribuídos ao aumento da eficiência de transferência de elétrons entre os nanocristais de rutilo e de anatase, que diminuiram a recombinação de elétrons e promoveram a estabilização de cargas na banda de condução do TiO2. / The understanding of the detailed mechanism and processes that influence the performance of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs), particularly the influence of TiO2/dye, TiO2/electrolyte and rutile/anatase interfaces, thus contributing to increase the efficiency of that devices, is the main goal of this thesis. Accordingly, we investigated the influence of the electronic properties of the new dye [Ru(dcbpyH2)2(tmtH2)]Cl associated the MLCT and LMCT charge transfer transitions on the efficiency of photoinjection and solar energy photoconversion in DSCs. The species (Bu4N)3[Ru(dcbpy)2(tmtH2)], (Bu4N)4[Ru(dcbpy)2(tmtH)] and (Bu4N)5[Ru(dcbpy)2(tmt)] were isolated and used in DSCs, revealing the contributions of two MLCTs and a LMCT band for energy conversion by deconvolution of the photoaction spectra. Interestingly, these new ruthenium dyes presented overall efficiency normalized by the amount of dye adsorbed on TiO2 larger than for the N719 dye, indicating a potential for application as photosensitizers. The mechanism of the synergistic effect observed in blends of rutile and anatase was investigated studying the contributions of the recombination and electron diffusion processes in mesoporous mixed TiO2 films on the performance of DSCs, as a function of the distribution of those nanocrystals in different proportions, as confirmed by Raman microscopy (Confocal). The impedance of interfaces/junctions present in the DSCs was carefully characterized by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) to determine key parameters such as chemical capacitance, diffusion resistance, recombination resistance, diffusion coefficient, lifetime and the electron diffusion length in mixed TiO2 films. The I x V characteristics, i.e. the overall efficiency parameter (η), density of short circuit current (Jsc), open-circuit voltage (Voc) and fill factor (FF) of solar cells were correlated with the impedance parameters and the degree of homogeneity of mixtures of rutile and anatase nanoparticles. In fact, the essential role of electron diffusion properties in the mixed TiO2 films on the performance of DSCs was demonstrated. Impedance studies of low homogeneity mixed films prepared with commercial TiO2 (Aldrich) by fitting the experimental spectra with a suitable equivalent circuit revealed that the electron diffusion coefficient of these materials exhibits a maximum at 15% rutile and 85% anatase, as expected based on the synergic effect in DSCs. In fact, subtle differences in the contributions of chemical capacitance and diffusion resistance were responsible for the increase of the electron diffusion coefficient in low homogeneity mixed TiO2 films. On the other hand, an increase in the anatase and rutile nanoparticles contact area reflected positively in the chemical capacitance and electron lifetime, as expected for an enhanced electron transfer efficiency between the rutile and anatase nanocrystals, thus decreasing the electron recombination and increasing the stability of the photoinjected charge on the TiO2 conduction band.

This diploma thesis deals with the issue of merger, the individual possibilities, which can be realized. Furthermore, the interest is directed towards the motives leading to this intention and the impact of these activities. One of the strongest motives of mergers is the synergistic effect, whose existence in the selected economic sector is the primary aim of this work or the assessment of its existence in the selected economic sector in specific business entities.

The diploma thesis titled „Proposal of Activities for Development of Strategic Cooperation in the Area of Sales of Bakery Ovens“ focuses on proposals for the creation of a strategic framework with the aim of developing a strategic alliance between the strategic business unit of company Sklářské stroje Znojmo, s.r.o. and chosen partner.

This diploma thesis is aimed at the issue of synergistic effects selected consolidated entities in the Czech Republic. The objective of this thesis is the evaluation of whether the synergic effects arise in selected concerns from "Wholesale trade, retail trade; repairs and motor retail trade" industry. The decision about the presence of synergistic effects is based on the comparison of values of selected indicators for parent company and the concern.

This master thesis deals with the problem of synergistic effects. There is the basic characteristic of transformations of companies and of consolidated financial statements in opening chapters. After that attention is paid to the suitable indicators to monitor the synergistic effects. In following chapters, the thesis is focused on the evaluation of the synergistic effects in the selected companies.

Wood is a widely used construction material that has many advantageous properties, and some drawbacks. These drawbacks are mainly associated with the porous vascular structure of wood that makes it a high water-absorbent material. In addition, wood’s properties alter substantially with respect to the moisture content. Amongst the treatment techniques that limit the water uptake capacity of wood, vacuum-aided impregnation has exhibited promising results. However, little research has explored the effect of key parameters (such as the vacuum pressure) on the effectiveness of the impregnation. This study aims to optimize the performance of SiO2 impregnation of spruce wood under vacuum pressures. The main objective of this research is to overcome wood’s weakness by reducing its water uptake capacity through a vacuum-aided impregnation technique and study its effect on the physico-mechanical properties of wood under dry and saturated conditions. The study was conducted in two parts. In the first part, wood samples underwent impregnation under atmospheric and three vacuum pressures. Density measurements, water uptake tests, microscopy examination, thermogravimetric analysis, and dynamic mechanical analysis were conducted on non-treated and SiO2-treated samples. Quantitative and qualitative analyses demonstrated that SiO2 impregnation performed under -90 kPa was able to effectively enhance the wood’s properties compared to the other conditions. The SiO2 impregnation under high vacuum pressure demonstrated an effective increase in the density of the wood and achieved a significant reduction in the water uptake capacity. The analysis of the wood’s viscoelastic properties revealed that SiO2 impregnation under atmospheric and vacuum conditions triggered two different reinforcing mechanisms: a solid film, causing stick-slip oscillation, and particle diffusion, causing particle-particle and particle-lumen wall friction, respectively. For the second part, characterization methods such as Impact test, DMA, SEM, EDS, Porosity, and SAXS tests were conducted on non-treated and -90 kPa treated spruce wood samples in dry, saturated, and submerged states in order to reveal the synergistic effect of the SiO2 impregnation pressure and water uptake on the wood’s properties. The results showed that high vacuum impregnation pressure has a significant positive reinforcing effect on the wood’s properties. It increased the impact resistance of wood in dry and saturated conditions. A high vacuum impregnation was able to overcome the softening effect of water and caused a significant increase in the Storage modulus by strengthening the wood’s vascular structure, which accordingly increased the wood’s capacity to absorb energy. High vacuum impregnation was also able to counteract the plasticizing effect of water and significantly increased the Loss modulus by increasing the internal friction in the wood with the diffusion of the nanoparticles in the wood’s cell walls and vascular structure. This phenomenon increased the wood's capacity to absorb and dissipate energy under dry and submerged conditions.

Combustion of coal is one of the primary sources of electricity generation worldwide today. Coal contains different chemicals that cause particulate matter(PM) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions. These are health hazards and are responsible for deteriorating the ambient air quality. Particulate matter also forms ash deposits inside the coal combustor, which in turn decreases the energy efficiency of the power plants. Using biomass as a fuel in these utility boilers can potentially reduce the problems of particulate matter emissions and ash deposition, and can significantly reduce the SO2 emissions. However, biomass needs to be pretreated to make its properties similar to coal in terms of energy density, grindability, and durability before it can be fired in utility boilers. Steam explosion is one of the leading biomass pretreatment methods that enhances the physicochemical properties of biomass. A comprehensive review of the steam explosion process, its product properties, its comparison with other treatment processes, as well as its economic analysis and lifecycle assessment, have been explored in this work. Steam-exploded biomass has been co-combusted with bituminous coal in a 1500 kWth combustor to analyze the ash aerosol particle size distribution, composition, and deposition behavior. The primary results of these tests showed that both particulate matter emissions and ash deposition amount reduced significantly as more biomass was co-fired with coal. The submicron-sized particulate matter concentration showed a high correlation with the final mass of ash deposits (R2 > 0.96). Predicting ash deposition rates is important during the combustion of solid fuels. A Machine Learning tool was applied and trained with a fuel composition database of 92 fuels obtained from a thermodynamic equilibrium software (FactSage). When fully operational, this model should be integrated with an existing ash deposition model, which should make it self-sufficient in terms of generating equilibrium composition data. SO2 emissions were analyzed during the co-combustion of biomass and coal, and a synergistic decrease in SO2 emissions was observed with higher biomass blends. Experiments were conducted in a full-scale 471 MWe furnace to analyze the SO2 emissions, and an 85%-15% blend of coal and biomass was responsible for a 28.1% reduction in emissions and 22.1% reduction in the lime slurry utilization in the flue gas desulfurization (FGD) towers compared to pure coal combustion. Ash deposit characterizations by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) combined with thermodynamic equilibrium simulations revealed that calcium and potassium were responsible for this synergistic reduction as these metals captured the SO2 from the flue gases and retained them in the ash phase. The SO2 research was important since the current literature is deficient in research conducted at suspension-fired full-scale utility boilers to reduce SO2 emissions by co-firing coal and biomass blends. The research in this dissertation should provide valuable insights to the energy industries that are considering a transformation of fuel portfolio from coal to biomass and explore how the mineral matter present in pretreated biomass would behave inside a utility boiler. The primary conclusions are that during the co-combustion of coal and biomass, ash deposition mass and particulate matter ash load decreased, and SO2 emission saw a synergistic reduction in emissions due to higher calcium and potassium content in biomass compared to pure coal combustion.

Ce travail porte sur l’étude du comportement d’un acier inoxydable (matériau passivable) en situation de tribocorrosion. L’accent a été mis sur l’effet de synergie existant entre la sollicitation mécanique et l’électrochimie du milieu, conduisant à une usure significative. Dans un premier temps, une méthodologie a été mise en place, sur une microstructure ferritique, pour quantifier cette synergie et ses deux composantes que sont l’électrochimie accélérée par l’usure (E.A.U.) et l’usure accélérée par l’électrochimie (U.A.E.). La première représente la dissolution du matériau consécutive à l’action mécanique du pion sur la surface. La seconde rend compte des modifications des propriétés mécaniques de la surface induites par l’électrochimie. Les paramètres de la sollicitation mécanique étant tout d’abord fixés, l’évolution des composantes de l’effet de synergie a été étudiée en fonction du caractère oxydant d’un milieu acide, modifié à l’aide d’un potentiostat. Un minimum d’usure, déterminé sous polarisation cathodique est considéré comme l’usure mécanique de référence. Dans le domaine passif, pour des potentiels passifs croissants, l’U.A.E. diminue suite à un épaississement de la partie oxyde du film passif, renforçant les propriétés mécaniques de la surface. A l’inverse, l’augmentation de l’E.A.U. s’explique par une intensité supérieure des réactions d’oxydation sur la surface mise à nu au cours du frottement. Ceci conduit à une usure maximale pour un potentiel passif intermédiaire. L’évolution des composantes de l’effet de synergie a ensuite été investiguée en potentiel libre sous les influences croisées de l’acidité du milieu et du temps de latence. L’E.A.U. augmente avec l’acidité en lien avec une dissolution plus prononcée mais diminue pour un temps de latence plus court suite à la diminution du couplage galvanique entre la trace d’usure partiellement repassivée et la zone cathodique. La diminution du temps de latence limite la maturation du film passif. En milieu acide, l’U.A.E. ne diminue pas car le film passif, majoritairement constitué d’oxyde, conserve son caractère abrasif. A l’inverse en milieu neutre, la proportion d’hydroxyde étant alors majoritaire, l’U.A.E. diminue. Dans un second temps, l’influence de la microstructure sur le comportement à la tribocorrosion a été mise en évidence en fonction des paramètres étudiés précédemment. Après traitement thermique, l’acier inoxydable présente une microstructure ferrito martensitique. En considérant l’usure totale, l’effet de la microstructure apparait négligeable sur la tenue à la tribocorrosion en potentiel libre, dans les conditions étudiées. Le biphasage est par contre bénéfique lorsque le frottement se déroule sous potentiels cathodiques ou passifs grâce à un transfert d’effort de la martensite à la ferrite sous-jacente. De même, l’effet délétère du film passif sur les propriétés mécaniques de la surface est réduit lorsque la microstructure comporte une phase dure (U.A.E.). / This study deals with the behaviour of a stainless steel (passive material) undergoing tribocorrosion. Focus has been put on the synergistic effect existing between mechanical action and medium electrochemistry, leading to significant wear. In a first step, a methodology has been set up, on a ferritic microstructure, to quantify this synergy as well as its two compounds that are the wear-accelerated electrochemistry (W.A.E.) electrochemistry-accelerated wear (E.A.W.). The former stands for the material dissolution following the mechanical action of the pin on the surface. The latter accounts for the modifications of the surface mechanical properties induced by electrochemistry. The parameters of the mechanical action being set, the evolution of the synergistic effect compounds has been studied as a function of the oxidizing feature of an acidic medium, modified by using a potentiostat. A minimum of wear, determined under cathodic polarisation is considered as the reference mechanical wear. In the passive domain, for higher passive potentials, E.A.W. decreases due to the thickening of the oxide part of the passive film, enhancing the mechanical properties of the surface. On the contrary, the W.A.E. increase is explained by more intense oxidising reactions occurring on the bare material revealed to the electrolyte by sliding. This leads to a maximum wear obtained at an intermediate passive potential. The evolution of the synergistic effect compounds has then been investigated under free potential condition with crossed influences of the medium acidity and the latency period. The more acidic the medium, the greater the W.A.E. because dissolution is enhanced. However, it decreases with a shorter latency period because of a weaker galvanic coupling between the partially repassivated wear track and the cathodic surface. The latency period decrease limits the passive film maturation. In acidic medium, E.A.W. does not decrease because the passive film, mainly composed of oxide, keeps its abrasive feature. To the opposite, in neutral medium, the hydroxide proportion being majority, E.A.W. decreases. In a second step, the microstructure influence on the tribocorrosion behaviour has been evidenced as a function of the previously studied parameters. After a thermal treatment, the stainless steel shows a ferrite-martensite microstructure. Considering global wear, the microstructure effect appears to be negligible on the tribocorrosion resistance in free potential situation, under the studied conditions. On the contrary, a two-phase microstructure is beneficial when sliding is performed under cathodic or passive potentials thanks to a mechanical transfer occurring from the martensite to the underlying ferrite. Moreover, the detrimental effect of the passive film on the surface mechanical properties is reduced when the microstructure involves an hard phase (E.A.W.).

Den svenska telekommarknaden präglas av en oligopolsituation, där de fyra största företagen utgör 97,5 procent av marknaden, och den främsta konkurrensen sker om befintliga kunder. TeliaSonera är marknadens största företag och de saluför de två operatörerna Telia och Halebop, medan Tele2 är det näst största företaget och de saluför operatörerna Tele2 och Comviq. Inom den svenska telekombranschen har operatörerna förhållandevis liknande tjänsteerbjudanden och det är därför viktigt att skapa sig ett starkt varumärke som differentierar sig ur mängden samt bidrar till att skapa synergieffekter för företag som har två varumärken. Ett varumärke kan användas för att skapa värde för både konsumenten och företaget samt etablera en relation mellan dessa parter. Det värde som företaget skapar med varumärket benämns som brand equity, vilket kan ses ur ett kundvärdebaserat respektive finansiellt perspektiv. Det finns dock oklarheter i hur detta värdeskapande faktiskt sker. Uppsatsens syftar därför till att analysera hur TeliaSonera och Tele2 hanterar brand equity samt vilka synergieffekter som kan uppnås av att använda sig utav två varumärken. Vidare har empirin frambringats genom en metodtriangulering bestående av en kvantitativ webbenkät för privatpersoner med ett kvalitativt inslag som är baserad på viktiga variabler relaterade till brand equity, djupintervjuer med företagsrepresentanter för TeliaSonera och Tele2, samt intervju med en marknadskommunikatör. Uppsatsen visar att de studerade företagen använder sig av två varumärken på olika sätt, där TeliaSonera skiljer sina operatörer i syfte att nå olika kundsegment, medan Tele2 skiljer dessa genom att fördela dem mellan kontantkort och abonnemang. Överlag visade sig branschen svag på att förmedla budskap till kunderna, vilket kan ses som en brist då det är viktigt för att kunden ska kunna identifiera sig med varumärket. Då operatören Halebop konkurrerar med Tele2 och Comviq om priskänsliga kunder, samtidigt som Halebop har ett högre kundupplevt värde gällande flera centrala variabler är detta något som Tele2 och Comviq måste hantera strategiskt. Då de båda företagen har flertalet ansvariga inom olika avdelningar som arbetar med olika typer av brand equity bör de inrätta en roll för en brand equity manager som kan integrera dessa olika personer och avdelningar, vilket kan skapa en högre effektivitet och synergieffekter för företaget och dess varumärken. / The Swedish telecommunications market is characterized as an oligopoly, where the four largest firms represent 97.5 percent of the market, and the main competition takes place regarding existing customers. TeliaSonera is the market's largest company who promotes the two operators Telia and Halebop, while Tele2 is the second largest company who promotes Tele2 and Comviq. Due to the Swedish telecom operators have relatively similar offerings, it is important to create a strong brand which differentiates itself from the crowd and helps to create synergies for companies that have two brands. A brand can be used to create value for both consumer and companies, and establish a relationship between these parties. The value that the company creates with the brand is referred to as brand equity, which could be viewed from a customer based or financial perspective. However, there is ambiguity in how this value creation is actually occurring. Therefore this paper regard to analyze how these companies handle brand equity, and study the synergies that can emerge from using two brands. Furthermore the empirical data has been generated by method triangulation, consisting a quantitative online survey with a qualitative element for consumers, that is based on key factors related to brand equity, along with interviews with representatives of the companies TeliaSonera and Tele2, and also with a market communicator. The study shows that the two companies are using two kinds of brands in separated ways, where TeliaSonera distinguish their operators in order to meet different customer segments, while Tele2 distinguishes them by distributing them between prepaid cards and subscriptions. Overall the industry was weak in transmission messages to customers, which can be seen as a weakness because it is important for customers to identify themselves with the brand. The operator Halebop competes with Tele2 and Comviq to price-sensitive customers, and regarding to that Halebop has a higher customer perceived value regarding several key factors, this is something that Tele2 and Comviq have to manage strategically. The two companies have multiple people in different departments working with brand equity, and they should therefore establish a role for a brand equity manager who can integrate the assignments, which can create greater efficiency and synergies for the company and its brands.