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The modern labour market is undergoing rapid change. Much of the change can be traced from the internationalization that the EU has brought forth which demands that companies can adapt to international competition to a higher degree than ever before. The most common strategy to do this is to utilize various flexibility strategies. In Sweden new legislation has been implemented in the national (1982:80) Employment protection act. The new regulation allows employers to adjust workers' employment rate on the grounds of shortage of work. This must now be done in accordance with the rules of priority and the affected worker has gained the right to an adjustment period.  The regulation that allows employers to adjust workers' employment rate is ultimately a way for the employer to achieve flexibility, often it is argued, at the expense of the workers security in their employment. To combat this trade-off where flexibility means less security the EU has come up with a strategy for a more comprehensive approach where “the aim is for workers to exchange traditional security in the job for security in the market [...]”. This strategy is called flexicurity.  The purpose of this paper is to study how the Swedish lawmakers have chosen to balance the employers need for flexibility against the workers need for safety. This has been done, mainly, through the use of socio-legal method combined with various theories. We have studied how different factors, that aim to improve the workers' security, can be used to combat the negative effects of employers' right to adjust workers' employment rate on the grounds of shortage of work.  Our findings indicate that women and young employees in particular are affected by the implementation of flexibility strategies with intention to alter the employment rate. And that there's an inherent economic risk that transfers from the employer to the employee.

Japan står inför en stor utmaning; en snabbt växande åldrande befolkning i kombination med en minskad arbetsför befolkning. Denna uppsats syftar till att försöka förklara vilka effekter landets åldrande befolkning får för landets ekonomiska tillväxt, samt vilka faktorer som kan dämpa dessa effekter. Analysen görs med hjälp av en modifierad version av Solows tillväxtmodell som teoretisk bas. Detta görs för att skapa en förståelse för vilka faktorer som påverkar ett lands ekonomiska tillväxt. Med hjälp av denna modell tas befolkningens åldersstruktur med som en parameter. Den utvecklade modellen ligger sedan till grund för en empirisk analys av hur Japans ekonomiska tillväxt kan komma att påverkas som ett resultat av landets åldrande befolkning. Resultaten visar att Japan kommer att drabbas av sjunkande tillväxt på grund av den åldrande befolkningen. Likväl finns det möjliga lösningar till hands för att dämpa de negativa effekterna, exempelvis en ökad sysselsättningsgrad hos kvinnor, ökat humankapital, ökad invandring samt en kostnadseffektiv teknologisk utveckling. / Japan will face a major challenge with regard to its rapidly growing aging population combined with a reduction in its working population. This paper aims to explain the impact of Japan's aging population and the country's economic growth, and the factors that may mitigate these effects. The analysis is done using a modified Solow growth model as a theoretical base. This is done to get a more in-depth understanding of the factors that affect a country's economic growth. By using this model, that includes population age structure as a parameter, we have the basis for the empirical analysis of how Japan's growth may be affected as a result of the aging population. The results show that Japan will suffer from declining growth due to its aging population. However, there are possible solutions to mitigate the negative effects, such as increasing employment rates among women, increased human capital, increased immigration and a cost effective technology development.