The complex co-evolutionary systems approach -CCeSA - provides a well-suited framework for analysing agricultural systems, serving as a bridge between physical and socioeconomic sciences, alowing for the explaination of phenomena, and for the use of metaphors for thinking and action. By studying agricultural systems as self-generated, hierarchical, complex co-evolutionary farming systems - CCeFSs -, one can investigate the interconnections between the elements that constitute CCeFSs, along with the relationships between CCeFSs and other sytems, as a fundamental step to understanding sustainability as an emergent property of the system. CCeFSs are defined as human activity systems emerging from the purposes, gestalt, mental models, history and weltanschauung of the farm manager, and from his dynamic co-evolution with the environment while managing the resources at his hand to achieve his own multiple, conflicting, dynamic, semi-structured, and often incommensurable and conflicting purposes while performing above thresholds for failure, and enough flexibility to dynamically co-evolve with its changing biophysical and socioeconomic environment for a given future period. Fitness and flexibility are essential features of sustainable CCeFSs because they describe the systems' dynamic capacity to explore and exploit their dynamic phase space while co-evolving with it. This implies that a sustainable CCeFS is conceived as a set of dynamic, co-evolutionary processes, contrasting with the standard view of sustainability as an equilibrium or steady-state. Achieving sustainable CCeFSs is a semi-structured, constrained, multi-objective and dynamic optimisation management problem, with an intractable search space, that can be solved within CCeSA with the help of a multi-objective co-evolutionary optimisation tool. Carnico-ICSPEA2, a co-evolutionary navigator - CoEvoNav -used as a CCeSA's tool for harnessing the complexity of the CCeFS of interest and its environment towards sustainability, is introduced. The software was designed by its end-user - the farm manager and author of this thesis - as an aid for the analysis and optimisation of the San Francisco ranch, a beef cattle enterprise running on temperate pastures and fodder crops in the Central Plateau of Mexico. By combining a non-linear simulator and a multi-objective evolutionary algorithm with a deterministic and stochastic framework, the CoEvoNav imitates the co-evolutionary pattern of the CCeFS of interest. As such, the software was used by the farm manager to navigate through his CCeFS's co-evolutionary phase space towards achieving sustainability at farm level. The ultimate goal was to enhance the farm manager's decision-making process and co-evolutionary skills, through an increased understanding of his system, the co-evolutionary process between his mental models, the CCeFS, and the CoEvoNav, and the continuous discovery of new, improved sets of heuristics. An overview of the methodological, theoretical and philosophical framework of the thesis is introduced. Also, a survey of the Mexican economy, its agricultural sector, and a statistical review of the Mexican beef industry is presented. Concepts such as modern agriculture, the reductionist approach to agricultural research, models, the system's environment, sustainability, conventional and sustainable agriculture, complexity, evolution, simulators, and multi-objective optimisation tools are extensively reviewed. Issues concerning the impossibility of predicting the long-term future behaviour of CCeFSs, along with the use of simulators as decision support tools in the quest for sustainable CCeFSs are discussed. The rationale behind the simulator used for this study, along with that of the multi-objective evolutionary tools used as a makeup of Carnico-ICSPEA2 are explained. A description of the San Francisco ranch, its key on-farm sustainability indicators in the form of objective functions, constraints, and decision variables, and the semi-structured, multi-objective, dynamic, constrained management problem posed by the farm manager's planned introduction of a herd of bulls for fattening as a way to increase the fitness of his CCeFS via a better management of the system's feed surpluses and the acquisition of a new pick-up truck are described as a case study. The tested scenario and the experimental design for the simulations are presented as well. Results from using the CoEvoNav as the farm manager's extended phenotype to solve his multi-objective optimisation problem are described, along with the implications for the management and sustainability of the CCeFS. Finally, the approach and tools developed are evaluated, and the progress made in relation to methodological, theoretical, philosophical and conceptual notions is reviewed along with some future topics for research.

Submitted by Cristhiane Guerra (cristhiane.guerra@gmail.com) on 2017-01-06T12:59:52Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 2327185 bytes, checksum: c11288b3fe7dbef8cc2ec640349b1f9b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-06T12:59:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 2327185 bytes, checksum: c11288b3fe7dbef8cc2ec640349b1f9b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-07-13 / This paper presents an investigation into the System of Educational Information of Pernambuco (SIEPE) and its use by school managers of one hundred twenty-five full-time schools in Pernambuco. The aim of the study was to investigate the pedagogical management of full-time schools from the implementation of SIEPE. In light of the socio-technical approach that studies the dimensions: people, tasks, technologies and structures this study sought to identify the pedagogical changes designed by the school management after the implementation of SIEPE. For this, we conducted literature to relate the socio-technical approach to SIEPE and the manager's work in the dimension of educational management and explained the functioning of the system, describing the recording of data and the use of the information generated in the system and used the school management. The Government of the State of Pernambuco created the SIEPE - educational Pernambuco information system with the intention of strengthening the difficulties in access to the data needed by the school to monitor student learning and assist the Secretary of State for Education to set goals to advance social quality education. The study, a quantitative approach was conducted via online questionnaire sent to 125 managers. Our sample has 119 participants respondents which corresponds to a percentage of 95.2%. four analyzes were performed statistics, descriptive, multivariate factorial, correlation and multiple regression. The analyzes indicate that SIEPE corroborates digital inclusion and the creation of a technological culture, and greater integration between school and community, by providing a collaborative environment, the school management system implementation and management of programs and goals and thus enabling the manager to work more directed to the pedagogical way. In general, the survey confirmed that the SIEPE allows a better organization of schools in making pedagogical interventions from the information generated by the system when they are shared and experienced by all school subjects. / Este trabalho apresenta uma investigação sobre o Sistema de Informações Educacionais de Pernambuco (SIEPE) e sua utilização pelos gestores escolares das cento e vinte e cinco escolas de tempo integral em Pernambuco. O objetivo do estudo foi investigar a gestão pedagógica das escolas de tempo integral a partir da implantação do SIEPE. À luz da abordagem sociotécnica que estuda as dimensões: pessoas, tarefas, tecnologias e estruturas esse estudo buscou identificar quais as mudanças pedagógicas concebidas pelo gestor escolar após a implantação do SIEPE. Para isso, foi realizado um levantamento bibliográfico para relacionar a abordagem sociotécnica com o SIEPE e o trabalho do gestor na dimensão da gestão pedagógica, bem como se explicou o funcionamento do sistema, descrevendo o registro dos dados e a utilização das informações geradas no sistema e utilizadas pela gestão escolar. O Governo do Estado de Pernambuco criou o SIEPE – Sistema de informações educacionais de Pernambuco com a intenção de estreitar as dificuldades no acesso aos dados necessários pela escola para monitorar a aprendizagem dos estudantes e auxiliar a Secretaria de Educação do Estado a traçar metas para avançar em educação de qualidade social. O estudo, de abordagem quantitativa, foi realizado através de questionário online enviado para os 125 gestores. Nossa amostra tem 119 respondentes participantes o que corresponde a um percentual de 95.2%. Foram realizadas quatro análises estatísticas, descritiva, fatorial multivariada, de correlação e de regressão múltipla. As análises indicam que o SIEPE corrobora com a inclusão digital e a criação de uma cultura tecnológica, além de uma maior integração entre escola e comunidade, através da disponibilização de um ambiente colaborativo, da implantação de sistema de gestão escolar e do gerenciamento de programas e metas e assim possibilitando ao gestor trabalhar de forma mais direcionada ao pedagógico. De modo geral, a pesquisa confirmou que o SIEPE possibilita uma melhor organização das escolas na realização de intervenções pedagógicas a partir das informações geradas pelo sistema, quando essas são compartilhadas e vivenciadas por todos os sujeitos escolares.

nÃo hà / A gestÃo do sistema de EducaÃÃo a DistÃncia necessita de subsÃdios que possibilitem o seu redesenho, em virtude do novo incorporado à velha prÃtica da administraÃÃo. Baseado nesta premissa foi desenvolvido um estudo quanti/qualitativo, exploratÃrio e descritivo que teve como objetivo apresentar um redesenho da gestÃo dos sistemas de educaÃÃo a distÃncia. Para tanto, foi elaborado um questionÃrio com perguntas abertas e fechadas, que apÃs prÃtestagem, foi aplicado junto aos gestores de nove InstituiÃÃes de Ensino Superior credenciadas e com longa experiÃncia em EAD, do sul do PaÃs. A aplicaÃÃo do instrumento foi feita via internet. Os resultados obtidos permitiram verificar que os gestores possuem conhecimento em EAD, mas nÃo especÃfico em gestÃo; que as atividades desenvolvidas com freqÃÃncia sÃo planejamento, controle, supervisÃo e provisÃo de toda infra-estrutura necessÃria à implantaÃÃo e implementaÃÃo dos cursos. No referente à percepÃÃo sobre seu papel de gestor, eles destacaram que se percebem como provedores de insumos necessÃrios à execuÃÃo dos processos. Destacaram tambÃm que vÃem a legislaÃÃo como algo necessÃrio à normatizaÃÃo da EAD. No referente aos avanÃos eles indicaram: a maior adoÃÃo do planejamento por parte dos docentes; a familiarizaÃÃo com o uso das mÃdias; a parceria e o trabalho em grupo. No concernente aos retrocessos indicaram: a resistÃncia docente a pouca credibilidade em EAD; a exigÃncia de direÃÃo no retorno financeiro imediato; a precariedade da internet e o alto turnover. Os resultados encontrados nÃo destoam da literatura, contudo, a falta de preparo dos gestores para o exercÃcio da gestÃo deve ser considerado pelas InstituiÃÃes, pois isso pode ser um dos fatores que estejam dificultando a consolidaÃÃo da EAD no PaÃs e o ir e vir das polÃticas governamentais.

Les acteurs de la santé publique ont aujourd'hui de nombreux défis à relever relatifs à des besoins nouveaux liés, entre autres, au vieillissement de la population et à l’augmentation du nombre de maladies chroniques. Ces besoins et leurs coûts obligent à repenser la prise en charge des patients et à rationaliser leurs parcours de soins afin de les rendre plus efficients.Nos travaux de thèse ont permis les résultats principaux suivants.Dans un premier temps et après avoir présenté le système de santé en général, nous avons analysé les évolutions du système de santé, ses grands principes et ses challenges. Nous avons ensuite donné un aperçu des tendances et innovations organisationnelles en réponse à ces challenges.Dans un deuxième temps et sur une base bibliographique, nous avons présenté nos définitions du parcours (de soin, de santé, de vie), leur positionnement relatif et l’influence des challenges préalablement définis sur ces derniers.Puis, afin de modéliser les parcours, nous avons analysé les concepts introduits par les définitions précédentes et nous les avons structurés dans le cadre d'un méta-modèle. Nous avons ensuite utilisé celui-ci pour enrichir un langage de modélisation d'entreprise existant (GRAI Extended Actigram) et obtenir ainsi un langage totalement adapté à nos besoins. Ensuite, et à titre d’exemple, nous avons utilisé ce langage enrichi pour représenter les processus de soins de deux maladies (la grippe A(H1N1) et la BPCO) tout en soulignant plusieurs aspects méthodologiques : sources d'information, traduction, pour n’en citer que quelques-uns. Enfin et sur la base d'un état de l'art des services proposés par des plateformes informatiques existantes, nous avons proposé une méthodologie de définition de services à forte valeur ajoutée qui offrent une meilleure accessibilité à l'information et donc qui améliorent la dynamique et l'efficience des soins sur la base des parcours de soins modélisés. / Today, the actors of public health face many challenges related to the ever-changing needs of an aging population and the increasing number of chronic diseases.These needs and the related cost, lead to rethink the care management and rationalize the patient healthcare pathways to make them more efficient.Our thesis work has the following main results.First a general introduction of the health system is presented, followed by an analysis of the evolution of the health system, its principles and its challenges. Next, we provided an overview of trends and organizational innovations in response to these challenges.Secondly, based on a bibliographic, we presented our definitions of pathways (healthcare, health, and life), their relative positioning and their influence on the challenges mentioned above.To model the pathways, we analyzed the concepts mentioned in the preceding definitions and we structured them into a meta-model. Then we used it to enrich an existing enterprise modeling language (GRAI Extended Actigram) and thus obtain a language totally suited to our needs.The latter was used to represent the heathcare processes of two examples of diseases, influenza A (H1N1) and COPD. In the frame of this presentation, methodological aspects were discussed (information resources, translation, etc.).Finally, on the basis of a state-of-the-art of the offered services by current computer platforms, we proposed a methodology for defining value-added services providing an improved access to information and improving the dynamics and efficiency of healthcare based on the modeled healthcare processes.

Business Intelligence (BI) is the set of techniques and technologies that support the decision-making process by providing an aggregated insight on data in the organization. Due to the numerous potentially useful data hold by the events and applications running in the organization, the BI market calls for new technologies able to suitably exploit it for analysis wherever it is available. In particular, the Extract, Transform, and Load (ETL) processes, the fundamental BI technology responsible for integrating and cleansing organization data, must respond to these requirements.<p><p>However, the development of ETL processes is still considered to be very complex and time-consuming, to such a point that roughly 80% of the BI project effort is dedicated to the ETL development. Among the phases of ETL development life cycle, ETL modeling is a critical and laborious task. Actually, this phase produces<p>the first effective formal representation of the ETL process, i.e. ETL model, that is completely reused and refined in the subsequent phases of the development.<p><p>Typically, the ETL processes are modeled using vendor-specific ETL tools from the very beginning of development. However, these tools are unsuitable for business users since they induce overwhelming fine-grained models.<p><p>As an attempt to provide more appropriate tools to business users, vendor-independent ETL modeling languages have been proposed in the literature. Nevertheless, they still remain immature. In order to get a precise view on these languages, we conduct a survey which: i) defines a set of criteria associated to major ETL<p>requirements identified in the literature; ii) compares the surveyed conceptual languages, issued from research work, to the physical languages, issued from prominent ETL tools; and iii) studies the whole methodologies of ETL development associated<p>to these modeling languages.<p><p>The analysis of our survey reveals several drawbacks in responding to the ETL requirements. Particularly, the conceptual languages have incomplete elements for ETL modeling with few or no formalization. Several languages are only descriptive with no ability to be automatically implemented into executable code, nor are they able to be automatically maintained according to changes over time.<p><p>To address these shortcomings, we present, in this thesis, a novel approach that tackles the whole development life cycle of ETL processes. <p><p>First, we propose a new vendor-independent language aiming at modeling ETL processes similar to typical business processes, the processes responsible for managing the operations in an organization. The rational behind this proposal is to provide ETL processes with better access to data in events and applications of the organization, including fresh data, and better design capabilities such as available analysis for any users. By using the standard representation mechanism denoted BPMN (Business Process Modeling and Notation) and a classification of ETL elements resulting from a study of the most used commercial and open source ETL tools, the language enables building agile and full-edged ETL processes. We name our language BPMN4ETL to refer to BPMN for ETL processes.<p><p>Second, we build a model-driven framework that provides automatic code generation capability and ameliorates maintenance support of our ETL language. We use the Model-Driven Development (MDD) technology as it helps in developing software, particularly in automating the transformation from one phase of the software development to another. We present a set of model-to-text transformations able to produce code for different business process engines and ETL engines. Also, we depict the model-to-model transformations that automatically update the ETL models with the aim of supporting the maintenance of the generated code according to data source evolution. A demonstration using a case study is conducted as an initial validation to show that the framework covering modeling, implementation and maintenance could be used in practice.<p><p> To illustrate new concepts introduced in the thesis, mainly the BPMN4ETL language, and the implementation and maintenance framework, we use a case study from the fictitious Northwind Traders company, a retailer company that imports and exports foods from around the world. / Doctorat en Sciences de l'ingénieur / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

No description available.

Künstliche Intelligenz (KI) verändert die Arbeitswelt und führt zu einer dynamischen Neugestaltung der Arbeitsteilung zwischen Mensch und Technik in Unternehmen. Dies betrifft nicht zuletzt auch den Bereich der Führung. KI-Systeme können Führungskräfte bei der Ausübung ihrer Aufgaben unterstützen, etwa indem sie vor allem administrative Koordinations- und Kontrollaufgaben und -entscheidungen übernehmen. Dadurch bleibt den Führungskräften mehr Zeit, sich der Personalführung oder Innovationsprozessen zu widmen. Führungskräfte nehmen künftig eine zentrale Rolle ein, den KI-Transformationsprozess erfolgreich mitzugestalten und dabei im Rahmen ihrer Fürsorgepflichten besonders auf die menschengerechte Gestaltung der KI-Systeme mit den und für die Beschäftigten hinzuwirken. Expertinnen und Experten der Arbeitsgruppe Arbeit/Qualifikation und Mensch-Maschine-Interaktion der Plattform Lernende Systeme wollen mit diesem Whitepaper aufzeigen, welche neuen Möglichkeiten und Chancen, aber auch welche Herausforderungen durch den Einsatz von KI-Systemen in Führungsaufgaben entstehen können. Dazu skizzieren sie zunächst die Herausforderungen, mit denen Führungskräfte schon heute durch digitale Technologien konfrontiert sind (Kapitel 2). Darauf aufbauend wird dargelegt, welche spezifischen Auswirkungen der Einsatz von Lernenden Systemen auf unterschiedliche Führungsaufgaben haben kann, die anhand von vier Aufgabenclustern vorgestellt werden: Strategische Führung, Organisationale Führung, Personalführung und Selbstführung (Kapitel 3). Entlang dieser Systematik wird aufgezeigt, welche Beiträge Lernende Systeme dabei als „unterstützender Akteur“ leisten können. Führung unterliegt einem Wandel. Bedingt durch den digitalen, strategischen Transformationsprozess in Unternehmen werden traditionelle, hierarchische Führungsmodelle sukzessive durch kooperative, netzwerkdynamische und werteorientierte Führungsstile abgelöst. Dies verändert zunehmend die Rolle der Führungskraft hin zu einem vermittelnden ,Übersetzer‘, Vorbild und Coach und verlangt nach einem stärkeren partizipativen Führungsstil (Kapitel 2). Lernende Systeme in der Arbeitswelt werden nicht nur die Rolle von Führungskräften weiter verändern, sondern zunehmend auch deren Aufgaben. Als technologisches Hilfsmittel unterstützen sie bei Aufgaben, die eine hohe Strukturierung und Regelmäßigkeiten aufweisen, sodass mehr Zeit für strategische Aufgaben und Entwicklungen oder mitarbeiterbezogene Führung bleibt. Eigenständig lernende (KI-)Systeme kommen zudem neben der Führungsperson als weiterer unterstützender und möglichst entlastender ,Akteur‘ zum Führungsprozess hinzu. Mit dem Einsatz von Lernenden Systemen bekommen zentrale Werte wie Datenschutz, Transparenz oder Fairness in der Führung für die Beschäftigten eine neue Bedeutung: Daher darf es nicht verwundern, wenn die Einführung von KI in der Führung zunächst von Skepsis begleitet wird. Entscheidend wird es deshalb sein, das Vertrauen und die Akzeptanz der Beschäftigten sowohl in die Technologie als auch in die eigene Führung für eine gelingende Zusammenarbeit zu fördern. Dies setzt eine frühzeitige Einbindung der Beschäftigten sowie der Interessensvertretungen in Planung und Gestaltung der KI-Systeme voraus: Für ein gelingendes KI-Change-Management in Unternehmen wird eine passende Führungs- und Unternehmenskultur notwendig sein, die auf Partizipation, Offenheit und Transparenz beruht. KI und Führung lassen sich gut ergänzen und können für eine moderne, menschenzentrierte Führung einen wichtigen Beitrag leisten. Dafür sind notwendige Rahmenbedingungen (in den Unternehmen) zu schaffen, damit das volle Potenzial der KI-Systeme auch für Führungskräfte nutzbar werden kann. Welche effektiven Maßnahmen dabei helfen, KI-Systeme für Führungsaufgaben einzusetzen, formulieren die Autorinnen und Autoren in passenden Gestaltungsoptionen (Kapitel 4). Zu diesen Gestaltungsoptionen zählen unter anderem eine menschenzentrierte Aufgabenzuteilung zwischen KI und Beschäftigten durch die Führungskräfte, das Aufbauen von notwendigen KI-Kompetenzen der Mitarbeitenden oder das Vorleben einer Feedbackkultur, die die Perspektiven der Beschäftigten und ihrer Interessensvertretungen offen einbindet.

Submitted by Elba Lopes (elba.lopes@fecap.br) on 2017-08-23T15:38:52Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Antonio_Cesar_Polo.pdf: 2722503 bytes, checksum: e2d32aeb4ecefc90cc5bdb5c422e9ed3 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-23T15:38:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Antonio_Cesar_Polo.pdf: 2722503 bytes, checksum: e2d32aeb4ecefc90cc5bdb5c422e9ed3 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-05-27 / The 1990s demonstrated a growth of ERP (enterprise resource planning) adoption amongst organizations, and among scholars it has been studied in a series of aca-demic publications, that defined ERPs as a contributor to obtain competitive advan-tage and organizational performance. The present study encompasses the new ERP configuration, dedicated to support companies in its front end operations and value chain integration, so called ERPII model, and investigates the relationship with the Dynamic Capabilities during the post-implementation phase. In order to ac-complish this objectives, a conceptual Framework is developed, to articulate the construct variables with the level of market turbulence. Furthermore, a quantitative field research is executed, based on a survey, and the research results are interpreted under the Framework perspective, where the results are validated through statistical tests such as Spearman correlation, Mann-Withney and Kruskal-Wallis, in order to obtain an explicative analysis of the Dynamic Capabilities role in the sustenance of ERPII. The results, evidenced Dynamic Capabilities in all presuppositions articulated by the Framework, with positive impacts in reconfiguration of routines responsible for ERPII sustenance and its organizational performance contribution. In this sense, the major effects were identified in sensing and seizing of market opportunities focused on evolving ERPII, management initiatives to encourage tacit and explicit learning processes, coordination of ERPII quality and performance metrics, and level of uncertain of business market related to ERPII context. / Os anos de 1990 apresentaram um crescimento na ado????o dos sistemas de gest??o empresarial (ERPs) pelas organiza????es, e o tema foi estudado em um grande n??me-ro de publica????es acad??micas, que apontaram o mesmo como um impulsionador da obten????o da vantagem competitiva e desempenho empresarial. A presente disserta-????o aborda a configura????o contempor??nea dos sistemas ERPs, dedicada a suportar as empresas em suas opera????es de linha de frente e integra????o com a cadeia de valor, dentro do modelo conceitual chamado ERPII, e analisa suas rela????es com as Capacidades Din??micas em sua fase de p??s-implementa????o. Para tanto, um Fra-mework conceitual ?? proposto, com o objetivo de articular as vari??veis relativas aos constructos, agregando-as a indicadores concernentes ao n??vel de incerteza do am-biente. Em continuidade, o trabalho apresenta uma pesquisa de campo, executada por meio de um instrumento de pesquisa de natureza quantitativa. Por fim, sob a ??ti-ca do Framework desenvolvido, os resultados da pesquisa s??o validados estatisti-camente por meio de testes de correla????o de Spearman, Mann-Withney e Kruskal-Wallis, visando obter uma an??lise explicativa do papel das Capacidades Din??micas na sustenta????o do ERPII. Como resultados, observou-se a presen??a das Capacida-des Din??micas em todos os pressupostos articulados por meio do Framework, com impacto positivo na reconfigura????o de rotinas respons??veis pela sustenta????o do ERPII e consequente contribui????o para o desempenho organizacional. Nesse senti-do, os fatores que exerceram maior influ??ncia foram os relacionados a mecanismos de prospec????o e tratamento de oportunidades e atualiza????es do ERPII, seguidos por a????es gerenciais de incentivo ?? aprendizagem t??cita e expl??cita, coordena????o de in-dicadores de qualidade e desempenho, e n??vel de dinamicidade do mercado de ne-g??cios no contexto do ERPII.

Die Industrie ist im Wandel. Die Grenzen zwischen Industrien, Anwendungsbereichen und Unternehmen verschwinden immer weiter, sind teils kaum noch in ihrer alten Ausprägung zu erkennen. Auch die industrielle Automation kann und sollte sich diesem Trend nicht entziehen. Immer mehr Technologien und Paradigmen anderer Bereiche gewinnen an Bedeutung. Hinzu kommt, dass die Anzahl und die Vielfalt an Geräten, Anwendungen, Anforderungen und Technologien stetig wächst. Diese Arbeit befasst sich mit Ansätzen, die es ermöglichen, einigen Aspekten der wachsenden Komplexität zu begegnen. Dabei handelt es sich um Technologien und Konzepte zum Thema Management, genauer zum Netzwerk-, System- und Dienste-Management. Ziel ist es nicht nur einen Ansatz zu finden, der gegenwärtigen Ansprüchen genügt, sondern auch noch für kommende Entwicklungen geeignet ist.

This study focused on the management of the red sea urchin Loxechinus albus fishery in Chile. The main objective was to design, construct, implement and assess a computer-based simulation model to analyse the biological effects, socio-economic consequences and spatial dynamics resulting from coastal management plans applied to this resource under the system of AMEBR. This was accomplished by using systems dynamics (SD) and geographical information systems (GIS) modelling, in a process of model development, run, optimisation, sensitivity analysis and risk management, and a series of field-based activities carried out at the cove of Quintay. The GIS model developed for allocating sea urchins restocking sites offered a flexible, cost-effective, user-friendly and descriptive technique for support decision-making on management of this species and other benthic resources. Final site selection for restocking was based on the identification, quantification and selection of higher suitability¦availability combinations (site categories). This map showed 16 different suitability¦availability combinations or site categories, ranging from 4¦100 to 8¦100 (suitability points¦availability %). These had an average of 6.44¦69.37 (covering an area of 82.5 Ha overall equivalent to 81.21% of the study area. This site classification demonstrated high heterogeneity between options, and revealed the full variety of alternatives for decision-making. More importantly, the generally high suitability indexes as well as available area emphasised the prospects for restocking sea urchins in this study area. Over and above of the quantitative outcomes obtained from running the GISRM (suitable and available restocking sites) and the BSESM (alternative strategic management plans), the case study-based analysis made it possible to disclose the wider issues related to the red sea urchin coastal management. These results demonstrated the biological inefficiency of traditional size/seasonal restriction-based approach (macro-scenario 1) for sustainable management of the target species. More importantly, final outcomes strongly suggested that a combination of adaptive restocking-based enhancement activities and flexible exploitation constituted a highly attractive approach (macro-scenario 3) for stock management of this fishery in terms of harvestable stock and related incomes. However from the economic analysis, stocking was also found to be economically unfeasible, being a rather cost intensive exercise negatively affected by high natural mortality rates. A single-variable optimisation analysis demonstrated that a higher survival rate is needed to generate sufficient profits to cover major restocking costs and a positive payment, or a cost reduction is essential to make up for the loss. On top to these practical constraints, based on the distinctive modest economic situation prevailing for most Chilean coves and hence their limited capacity to pay for stocking material, unless adequate and constant funding is available to support artisanal associations, they are very unlikely to develop mass release programmes. Given the economic (i.e.: high operating costs) and technical (i.e.: low survival rates) limitations conditioning stocking-based management cost-effectiveness and applicability, wide implementation of mass releases as a major approach for management of the red sea urchin fishery is very unlikely to take place in Chile. This study presents a methodology and offers a tool to design, evaluate and optimise coastal management plans for the red sea urchin in a dynamic, interactive, systematic, integrated and flexible way. The optional strategic management plans proposed on this study may not be applied equally to any AMEBR, as they are the outputs arising from a single cove-specific analysis. Still, the complete methodological framework and analysis procedures developed may be applied to run the BSESM and optimise management of a red sea urchin fishery at any other AMEBR case of study.