The main aim of the thesis is a detailed economic evaluation of the energy saving measure, which was compared with the original state before the reconstruction. The economic evaluation is based on the physical calculation performed in DEKSoft. The effectiveness of the solution was determined by calculating the discounted payback period based on the estimated energy cost savings in each year of operation and initial investment costs. The work includes the use of a mortgage loan and grant programs as financial resources.

This diploma thesis deals with optic fiber connectors and their influence on transmissions realized via fiber optics. Optical fibers and lightguides play the key role in telecommunications because of constant demands of higher bandwidth and data rates. Original metalic wires do not meet market requirements and so the fiber optics are more and more being used. There are various types of fibers and there are also many ways of connections. This work deals with demountable way of connection – optical connectors, which have the biggest influence on a total attenuation and route length. Connector has to meet various requirements such as cleannes, quality, mechanical construction and ferrule polishing.

The master’s thesis is focused on the theoretical and practical issues of optical access networks. The first chapter of the thesis deals with the concept of the access networks known as FTTx. The second and third chapters focus on the principles and standardization of the active optical network AON P2P and the passive optical network TDM PON. The fourth chapter of the thesis focuses on the network WDM PON, wavelength multiplexes, solution concept and the LG-Ericsson EA 1100 platform. The fifth chapter of the thesis deals with the infrastructure of the optical paths for optical access networks. The sixth chapter of the thesis presents custom design of the headend for reception, processing and distribution of television broadcasting. Two custom access network solutions (AON P2P and WDM PON) for the town Bystřice nad Pernštejnem are presented in the seventh chapter. Case studies include the design of the optical paths infrastructure, central office infrastructure, end-user infrastructure, CAPEX/OPEX economic analysis and basic simulation in OptSim.

Preklinické magneticko-rezonanční (MR) zobrazování na malých zvířatech je velmi aktuální a vyžaduje, vzhledem k rozměrům těchto zvířat, vyšší citlivost. Vyšší citlivosti lze dosáhnout použitím MR systému s vysokým základním magnetickým polem (např. 4,7 T a výše). Vyšší citlivost přináší výhody v podobě možnosti vyššího rozlišení, lepší poměr signál-šum, větší chemický posuv, prodloužení longitudinální relaxace (T1), atd. Na druhou stranu vyšší magnetické pole znamená větší deformace základního magnetického pole na rozhraních tkání s rozdílnou susceptibilitou a zkrácení transverzální relaxace (T2). Tuková tkáň je významně zastoupena v lidském těle a primárně sloužící pro uchovávání energie ve formě tuků. Tukovou tkáň lze rozdělit na hnědou a bílou tukovou tkáň. Hnědá tuková tkáň se vyskytuje hlavně u novorozenců, ale může být ve velmi malém množství také u dospělých jedinců. Bílá tuková tkáň je určena pro ukládání tuků, které slouží jako zdroj energie. Kromě toho bílá tuková tkáň produkuje adipokiny, hormony a mnoho dalších látek důležitých pro náš metabolizmus. Tuk lze obecně považovat jako biomarker při určitých nemocech (obezita, steatóza jater, a další). Z tohoto důvodu je kvantifikace tuku velmi důležitá pro správnou diagnózu. V MR zobrazování je speciální skupina metod pro separaci vody a tuku. Tyto metody se nazývají Dixonovy metody a jejich princip je založen na chemickém posuvu. V této práci je popsána nová T2-váhovaná sekvence pro Dixonovu akvizici (Kapitola 5.3). Navržená sekvence je z hlediska akviziční doby velmi efektivní a řadí se mezi tříbodové Dixonovy (3PD) techniky. Nově navržená sekvence fast triple spin echo Dixon (FTSED) vychází z původní sekvence rychlého spinového echa (FSE). Modifikací původní sekvence FSE vedla ke vzniku nové sekvence FTSED, která umožňuje získat tři obrazy během jediné akvizice, bez toho aniž bychom prodloužili celkovou dobu měření. Sekvence byla úspěšně implementována na 9,4 T MRI systém na Ústavu přístrojové techniky v Brně. Získaná data byla pak zpracována iterativně pomocí algoritmu IDEAL (iterative decomposition of water and fat with echo asymmetry and least-squares estimation). Výsledkem jsou separátní obrazy vody a tuků, z kterých lze vypočítat mapy frakce tuku (FF-mapy). Sekvence byla ověřena na fantomech a poté byla odzkoušena potkanovi. Úspěšná implementace této metody na 9,4 T MRI systému znamená, že může být použita také na MR zobrazovacích systémech s nižšími magnetickými poli.

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Le collagène est la protéine la plus abondante dans les mammifères, et le constituant principal de la matrice extracellulaire du cartilage. Les propriétés mécaniques de ce tissu sont dues à la structure particulière du collagène : la triple hélice. Lors de cette thèse, nous nous sommes intéressés à des peptides modèles de la triple hélice du collagène en phase gazeuse, ce qui permet l’étude de leurs propriétés intrinsèques, dont les processus fondamentaux induits par des rayonnements ionisants. Une étude structurale de ces systèmes par spectrométrie de mobilité ionique a permis de s’assurer qu’ils conservent bien leurs propriétés structurales et de stabilité en l’absence de solvant. De plus, cette stabilité se manifeste aussi lors de l’irradiation par photons ionisants dans un piège à ions. Par ailleurs, nous avons observé, grâce à la spectrométrie de masse, une transition entre photo-excitation et photo-ionisation lorsque l’énergie du photon absorbé augmente dans la gamme VUV-X. Une partie de cette énergie est également redistribuée dans les modes de vibration du système, croît avec l’énergie du photon, et induit la fragmentation inter puis intramoléculaire de la triple hélice. Nous avons également irradié pour la première fois des peptides en phase gazeuse par un faisceau d’ions carbones à l’énergie cinétique pertinente dans le contexte de l’hadronthérapie. Un processus non-observé avec les photons a été mis en évidence : le détachement de proton. Enfin, la validation d’un nouveau dispositif expérimental dédié à l’irradiation de protéines et brins d’ADN par des ions en faisceaux croisés, ainsi que les premiers résultats obtenus, seront abordés. / Collagen is the most abundant protein in mammals, and the main constituent of the extracellular matrix of cartilage. The mechanical properties of this tissue are due to the particular triple helical structure of collagen. In this thesis, we focused on peptidic models of the collagen triple helix in thegas phase, which allows reaching their intrinsic properties, including fundamental processes induced by ionizing radiations. An ion mobility spectrometry study of these systems proved that they retain their structural and stability properties in the absence of solvent. In addition, these stability properties also play a role after irradiation with ionizing photons in an ion trap. Furthermore, we have observed, thanks to mass spectrometry, a transition between photo-excitation and photoionization as the energy of the absorbed photon increases in the VUV-X range. Part of this energy is also redistributed in the vibration modes of the system, increases with photon energy, and induces intramolecular as well as intramolecular fragmentation of the triple helix. For the first time, we irradiated peptides in the gas phase by a carbon ion beam having a kinetic energy relevant in the context of hadrontherapy. A process that was absent from studies with photons has been observed : proton detachment. In the last chapter, the validation of a new experimental device dedicated to the irradiation of proteins and DNA strands in a cross-beam configuration, as well as the first results obtained, will be reported.

Dans cette thèse, nous nous intéressons à la géométrie non-commutative - aux triplets spectraux en particulier - comme moyen d'unifier gravitation et modèle standard de la physique des particules. Des triplets spectraux permettant une telle unification on déjà été construits dans le cas des variétés riemanniennes. Il s'agit donc ici de généraliser au cas des variétés semi-riemanniennes, et d'appliquer ensuite au cas lorentzien, qui est d'une importance particulière en physique. C'est ce que nous faisons dans la première partie de la thèse, ou le passage du cas riemannien au cas semi-riemannien nous oblige à nous intéresser à des espaces vectoriels de signatures indéfinies (et non définies positives), dits espaces de Krein. Ceci est une conséquence de notre étude des algèbres de Clifford indéfinies et des structures Spin sur variétés semi-riemanniennes. Nous généralisons ensuite les triplets spectraux en triplets dits indéfinis en conséquence de cela. Dans la deuxième partie de la thèse, nous appliquons le formalisme des formes différentielles non-commutatives à nos triplets indéfinis pour formuler des théories de jauge non-commutatives sur espace-temps lorentzien. Nous montrons ensuite comment obtenir le modèle standard. / The subject of this thesis is noncommutative geometry - more specifically spectral triples - and how it can be used to unify General Relativity with the Standard Model of particle physics. This unification has already been achieved with spectral triples for Riemannian manifolds. The main concern of this thesis is to generalize this construction to semi-Riemannian manifolds generally, and Lorentzian manifolds in particular. The first half of this thesis will thus be dedicated to the transition from Riemannian to semi-Riemannian manifolds. This entails a study of Clifford algebras for indefinite vector spaces and Spin structures on semi-Riemannian manifolds. An important consequence of this is the introduction of complex vector spaces of indefinite signature. These are the so-called Krein spaces, which will enable us to generalize spectral triples to indefinite spectral triples. In the second half of this thesis, we will apply the formalism of noncommutative differential forms to indefinite spectral triples to construct noncommutative gauge theories on Lorentzian spacetimes. We will then demonstrate how to recover the Standard Model.

The main theme in this licentiate thesis is the focus on strengthening institutional capacities to promote cooperation within a cluster initiative between public and private sectors in Latin American contexts, especially in Bolivia. The argument is the need to generate spaces for interaction through participatory practices in order to incorporate different points of view, academic and non-academic, which can lead to a more critical production and appropriation of knowledge. In the particular case of Bolivia, the pilot development of cluster initiatives was used as an interaction mechanism between the university, industry and government, which means developing skills in innovation among stakeholders, instead of starting immediately with the search for solutions. This licentiate thesis focuses on practices based on collective and dynamic interactions generated in an emerging cluster based on the Triple Helix framework in the leather productive sector in Bolivia. This as a result of seven years of participatory action research participating in cluster initiatives promoted by a public university, the case of the Universidad Mayor de San Simon - UMSS (trans. San Simon University). In the case of the Leather Cluster Cochabamba experience presented in this licentiate thesis, I found that the introduction of concepts such as cluster development, Triple Helix and knowledge production in Mode 2 as fieldwork by a public university (UMSS), participation is a positive ingredient and contributor to the improvement of democratizing innovation. The generation of collaborative relationships on a participatory and democratic basis is a time-consuming process that needs to begin with reflection and accountability of researchers to their direct involvement in participatory processes and practices.

Background/Aims: A 33-year-old man was referred for the first time to the Division of Neurology because of the presence and progression of neurological symptoms. Dysphagia, weakness, reduced tear production, and nasal speech were present. In order to point the attention of late-onset triple A syndrome we describe this case and review the literature. Methods: Hormonal and biochemical evaluation, Schirmer test, tilt test and genetic testing for AAAS gene mutations. Results: Late-onset triple A syndrome caused by a novel homozygous missense mutation in the AAAS gene (A167V in exon 6) was diagnosed at least 17 years after symptom onset. Conclusions: The association between typical signs and symptoms of triple A syndrome should suggest the diagnosis even if they manifest in adulthood. The diagnosis should be confirmed by Schirmer test, endocrine testing (both basal and dynamic), genetic analysis, and detailed gastroenterological and neurological evaluations. Awareness of the possible late onset of the disease and of diagnosis in adulthood is still poor among clinicians, the acquaintance with the disease is more common among pediatricians. The importance of an adequate multidisciplinary clinical approach, dynamic testing for early diagnosis of adrenal insufficiency and periodical reassessment of adrenal function are emphasized. / Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG-geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich.

Tourism is something that today is very common for most parts of the world. Tourism effects is a phenomenon that focuses on the effects of tourism which can affect destinations and residents in different ways. The most common are social, cultural, environmental and economic impacts. The purpose of this bachelor thesis has been to explore if there are any tourism effects and if so, what are they and in what ways can they affect a small rural area as a destination and the effect on the residents. For this purpose we have used an area called Glasriket in Sweden as an example. This study has used both qualitative and quantitative data with a deductive approach. After conducting our research, we then composed a questionnaire. The questionnaire was shared on our personal Facebook pages and also sent out through email to businesses, organizations and municipalities in Glasriket. In total, the empirical data was collected from 74 respondents. The results of the study showed that tourism is often perceived as positive. The positive effects of tourism outweigh the negative. It is clear that tourism has impacts on destinations in rural areas and not only on major cities or coastal areas. One conclusion is that yes, there are effects caused by tourism in Glasriket. There are several environmental, social, cultural and economic impacts in this area. It can also be concluded that tourism affects people and destinations in different ways and the ways the effects are perceived by residents might vary depending on factors such as cultural background, economic status and personal opinions.