Streptomyces clavuligerus is well-known for synthesizing several &beta / -lactam antibiotics like cephamycin C which is produced through aspartic acid pathway initiated by aspartokinase (Ask) enzyme encoded by ask. Four different strains were constructed in our laboratory to increase cephamycin C production by S. clavuligerus. TB3585 and BA39 contained extra copies of ask gene on a multicopy plasmid, control strains TBV and BAV contained vector only in wild type strain NRRL3585 and hom-minus background, AK39, respectively. In this study, the effects of carbon and nitrogen sources incorporated into chemically defined medium were investigated for optimum growth and cephamycin C production by AK39. A modified-chemically defined medium (mCDM) was obtained by increasing the asparagine concentration two-fold and replacing glycerol with sucrose. Subsequently, growth and cephamycin C production by recombinant S. clavuligerus strains (TB3585, AK39, BA39, BAV, TBV) in Tryptic Soy Broth (TSB) and mCDM were compared. The specific antibiotic production in mCDM by TB3585 was 3.3- and 3.2-fold higher than TBV at 72h and 96h, respectively. Aspartokinase activity of S. clavuligerus recombinants was measured to verify the ask overexpression. TB3585 showed the highest activity at 48h. Finally, intracellular amino acid pools of the strains were measured to relate the Ask activity and antibiotic production to the amino acid content within the cells. AK39 was shown to have the highest intracellular levels of lysine, leading to cephamycin C precursor synthesis / lysine plus threonine, exerting concerted feedback inhibition on Ask enzyme / methionine, which cannot be produced by AK39 like threonine due to hom disruption.

Eine Erhöhung des Bilirubins über 2 mg/dl betrifft 90 % aller Neugeborenen. Sie ist meist physiologisch und tritt optisch sichtbar bei 60-70 % dieses Kollektivs auf. In der pathologischen, exzessiv erhöhten Form ist sie der häufigste Grund für eine stationäre Wiederaufnahme während der ersten sieben Lebenstage. Ihre schwerste Komplikation, der Kernikterus, scheint - trotz allgemein verfügbarer, preiswerter und sicherer Therapiemöglichkeiten - wieder vermehrt aufzutreten. Die Gründe liegen im Überwachungsdefizit bei früher Entlassung von schlecht aufgeklärten Eltern, Nichtbeachtung der Besonderheiten der Neugeborenen ≤ 38 Schwangerschaftswochen und der zunehmenden Tendenz zum Stillen bei häufig unzureichender Anleitung. Ferner werden ikterische Kinder nur zu oft lediglich visuell bezüglich des Grades der Bilirubinämie eingeschätzt und die Therapie somit erheblich verzögert. Gegenstand dieser Arbeit ist die Frage, ob aus der Dynamik des Serumbilirubinspiegels von der Geburt bis zum 3. Lebenstag die Wahrscheinlichkeit des Auftretens einer phototherapiepflichtigen Hyperbilirubinämie abgeschätzt werden kann. Dazu wurde der Serumbilirubinspiegel direkt postnatal aus dem Nabelschnurblut, bzw. am 3. Lebenstag gleichzeitig mit dem Stoffwechselscreening ermittelt und der Phototherapiebedarf im Verlauf festgehalten. Um die Aussage zu präzisieren, wurde die Studienpopulation aus 2573 Kindern weiter unterteilt in 2180 reife tAGA- (hier Eu- und Hypertrophe), 267 reife tSGA-Kinder (Hypotrophe) und 126 FG (Frühgeborene). In allen 3 Gruppen korrelierten das Nabelschnurbilirubin und der Serumbilirubinwert vom 3. Lebenstag positiv mit der Entwicklung einer Hyperbilirubinämie. Anhand dieser Ausgangswerte konnten Grenzen für Hoch-, Mittelhoch-, Mittelniedrig- und Niedrigrisikogruppen definiert werden, welche die Entwicklung einer Hyperbilirubinämie mit einer Wahrscheinlichkeit von ≥ 20 %, 5-20 %, 0 < x <5 % und 0 % voraussagen. Damit kann man bereits früh eine Vorabselektion entsprechend dem Gefährdungspotential treffen und die Verlaufskontrollen entsprechend terminieren. Als Risikofaktoren einer therapiepflichtigen Hyperbilirubinämie wurden außerdem Frühgeburtlichkeit, seltener tSGA, geringes Geburtsgewicht und niedriges Gestationsalter (in der vorliegenden FG-Gruppe nicht signifikant) gefunden. Im Falle einer Sectiogeburt und bei Zuhilfenahme von Hilfsmitteln im Rahmen einer vaginalen Entbindung nahm der Bedarf an Phototherapie in der tAGA- und tSGA-Gruppe zu.

A organização do processo de trabalho em Saúde Bucal (SB) tem como componente principal a equipe composta pelo Cirurgião-Dentista - CD, Técnico em Saúde Bucal - TSB e Auxiliar em Saúde Bucal ASB. O trabalho em equipe, com a delegação de tarefas para o pessoal auxiliar (ASB e TSB) busca uma maior racionalidade, aumento da qualidade, da resolutividade e cobertura da atenção em saúde. O setor público tem sido o grande responsável, atualmente, pela inserção da equipe de Saúde Bucal nos serviços. O objetivo desta pesquisa, de cunho qualitativo, foi conhecer a percepção dos dentistas quanto à inserção e trabalho do TSB na equipe. O campo de pesquisa foi o município de Embu e a técnica utilizada para a coleta de dados foi o grupo focal sendo os participantes, dentistas da rede pública deste município. Os resultados apontam, segundo os entrevistados, para a importância do TSB no trabalho em equipe, principalmente, no serviço público, onde há uma grande demanda de assistência. Os participantes, ainda, ressaltam que esta experiência não lhes foi apresentada em sua formação acadêmica, vindo a conhecê-la somente no serviço público. A importância de uma formação técnica adequada e dúvidas acerca da regulamentação profissional, também surgiram como destaques no grupo focal. A partir desses resultados, conclui-se que uma melhor ordenação do processo de trabalho em equipe de Saúde Bucal é necessária, além de um aperfeiçoamento na formação dos profissionais da equipe, vinculadas às reais necessidades do SUS. Ainda que avanços tenham ocorrido nos últimos anos com a atual política nacional de saúde bucal, incentivando o trabalho em equipe, este processo requer um maior estímulo por parte de todos os envolvidos, localmente, no planejamento das ações. / The main core of the organization of the work process in Oral Health consists in the team composition which is the Dentist, Dental Therapist (DT) and Dental Assistant (DA). Teamwork with the delegation of tasks to auxiliary personnel seeks a more rational system of assistance, an increase of quality, resolution and coverage of care. Actually, the Public Health System has been greatly responsible for the integration of DT in the oral health team. The objective of this qualitative research was to acknowledge the dentist´s perception about the integration of the DT in the oral health team. The field research was at the city of Embu, State of Sao Paulo, Brazil, and the technique used for data collection was focus group with dentists working in the public health system of this city as participants. The results indicate, according to participants, the importance of the role played by the DT in the oral health team, especially in public service, where there is great demand for assistance besides lessening dentists stress. Respondents also emphasize that this practice based on teamwork was not discussed during their undergraduation and they experienced this only after beginning the public service assistance. The importance of an adequate technical training as well as doubts about the professional regulation also emerged in the focus groups. From the results it is concluded that training of managers for the better ordering of the process of oral health teamwork is required in addition to an improvement in training of dental therapists, linked to the real needs of the Brazilian Public Health System. Although advances have occurred in recent years with the current national policy on oral health, encouraging teamwork, this process requires a greater stimulus.

p. 1-83 / Submitted by Santiago Fabio (fabio.ssantiago@hotmail.com) on 2013-04-22T19:39:16Z No. of bitstreams: 1 666.pdf: 2638580 bytes, checksum: 1b5a9919b450e70cb0078f9f01da2583 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Creuza Silva(mariakreuza@yahoo.com.br) on 2013-05-04T17:20:11Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 666.pdf: 2638580 bytes, checksum: 1b5a9919b450e70cb0078f9f01da2583 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-05-04T17:20:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 666.pdf: 2638580 bytes, checksum: 1b5a9919b450e70cb0078f9f01da2583 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Objetivo: Esta pesquisa visou realizar um estudo de avaliabilidade do Curso de Habilitação Profissional de Técnico em Saúde Bucal, desenvolvido pela Escola de Formação Técnica em Saúde Prof. Jorge Novis da Superintendência de Recursos Humanos da Secretaria da Saúde do Estado da Bahia, tendo como objetivo identificar pontos para sua melhoria e focos para avaliação futura. Metodologia: Foi uma pesquisa avaliativa, onde se elaborou um modelo lógico do curso a partir do documento-base, entendendo que o modelo lógico cumpre o papel de explicitar a teoria do programa, verificando se está bem desenhado e se apresenta um plano plausível de alcance de resultados. Foram realizadas doze entrevistas e a observação in loco, nos momentos de dispersão do curso com os cirurgiões dentistas, sendo um coordenador, instrutores e com os beneficiários do curso, os futuros TSB. Resultados: Os resultados revelaram que tanto o objetivo do curso quanto a identificação dos beneficiários estavam claros para os informantes-chave, mas que apenas os futuros TSB, expressaram o objetivo terminal do curso que é o de melhorar os serviços do SUS. As opiniões dos informantes acerca das atividades desenvolvidas durante o curso para a formação profissional foram amplamente convergentes. Os resultados intermediários propostos pelo plano de curso foram ressaltados na área da mobilização dos valores, expressando a capacidade do “saber ser”. Por fim foram identificadas áreas críticas que requerem avaliação, como a efetivação da diretriz da integração ensino-serviço, avaliação do processo ensinoaprendizagem, aperfeiçoamento do currículo integrado, capacitação técnico pedagógica dos instrutores, critérios de seleção para os alunos e instrutores e infraestrutura dos serviços. Conclusão: O estudo revelou que o curso de TSB está suficientemente implementado, para submeter-se a uma avaliação sistemática, tendo como principal foco de avaliação futura a magnitude da inserção profissional do TSB no SUS da Bahia. / Salvador

A organização do processo de trabalho em Saúde Bucal (SB) tem como componente principal a equipe composta pelo Cirurgião-Dentista - CD, Técnico em Saúde Bucal - TSB e Auxiliar em Saúde Bucal ASB. O trabalho em equipe, com a delegação de tarefas para o pessoal auxiliar (ASB e TSB) busca uma maior racionalidade, aumento da qualidade, da resolutividade e cobertura da atenção em saúde. O setor público tem sido o grande responsável, atualmente, pela inserção da equipe de Saúde Bucal nos serviços. O objetivo desta pesquisa, de cunho qualitativo, foi conhecer a percepção dos dentistas quanto à inserção e trabalho do TSB na equipe. O campo de pesquisa foi o município de Embu e a técnica utilizada para a coleta de dados foi o grupo focal sendo os participantes, dentistas da rede pública deste município. Os resultados apontam, segundo os entrevistados, para a importância do TSB no trabalho em equipe, principalmente, no serviço público, onde há uma grande demanda de assistência. Os participantes, ainda, ressaltam que esta experiência não lhes foi apresentada em sua formação acadêmica, vindo a conhecê-la somente no serviço público. A importância de uma formação técnica adequada e dúvidas acerca da regulamentação profissional, também surgiram como destaques no grupo focal. A partir desses resultados, conclui-se que uma melhor ordenação do processo de trabalho em equipe de Saúde Bucal é necessária, além de um aperfeiçoamento na formação dos profissionais da equipe, vinculadas às reais necessidades do SUS. Ainda que avanços tenham ocorrido nos últimos anos com a atual política nacional de saúde bucal, incentivando o trabalho em equipe, este processo requer um maior estímulo por parte de todos os envolvidos, localmente, no planejamento das ações. / The main core of the organization of the work process in Oral Health consists in the team composition which is the Dentist, Dental Therapist (DT) and Dental Assistant (DA). Teamwork with the delegation of tasks to auxiliary personnel seeks a more rational system of assistance, an increase of quality, resolution and coverage of care. Actually, the Public Health System has been greatly responsible for the integration of DT in the oral health team. The objective of this qualitative research was to acknowledge the dentist´s perception about the integration of the DT in the oral health team. The field research was at the city of Embu, State of Sao Paulo, Brazil, and the technique used for data collection was focus group with dentists working in the public health system of this city as participants. The results indicate, according to participants, the importance of the role played by the DT in the oral health team, especially in public service, where there is great demand for assistance besides lessening dentists stress. Respondents also emphasize that this practice based on teamwork was not discussed during their undergraduation and they experienced this only after beginning the public service assistance. The importance of an adequate technical training as well as doubts about the professional regulation also emerged in the focus groups. From the results it is concluded that training of managers for the better ordering of the process of oral health teamwork is required in addition to an improvement in training of dental therapists, linked to the real needs of the Brazilian Public Health System. Although advances have occurred in recent years with the current national policy on oral health, encouraging teamwork, this process requires a greater stimulus.

Eine Erhöhung des Bilirubins über 2 mg/dl betrifft 90 % aller Neugeborenen. Sie ist meist physiologisch und tritt optisch sichtbar bei 60-70 % dieses Kollektivs auf. In der pathologischen, exzessiv erhöhten Form ist sie der häufigste Grund für eine stationäre Wiederaufnahme während der ersten sieben Lebenstage. Ihre schwerste Komplikation, der Kernikterus, scheint - trotz allgemein verfügbarer, preiswerter und sicherer Therapiemöglichkeiten - wieder vermehrt aufzutreten. Die Gründe liegen im Überwachungsdefizit bei früher Entlassung von schlecht aufgeklärten Eltern, Nichtbeachtung der Besonderheiten der Neugeborenen ≤ 38 Schwangerschaftswochen und der zunehmenden Tendenz zum Stillen bei häufig unzureichender Anleitung. Ferner werden ikterische Kinder nur zu oft lediglich visuell bezüglich des Grades der Bilirubinämie eingeschätzt und die Therapie somit erheblich verzögert. Gegenstand dieser Arbeit ist die Frage, ob aus der Dynamik des Serumbilirubinspiegels von der Geburt bis zum 3. Lebenstag die Wahrscheinlichkeit des Auftretens einer phototherapiepflichtigen Hyperbilirubinämie abgeschätzt werden kann. Dazu wurde der Serumbilirubinspiegel direkt postnatal aus dem Nabelschnurblut, bzw. am 3. Lebenstag gleichzeitig mit dem Stoffwechselscreening ermittelt und der Phototherapiebedarf im Verlauf festgehalten. Um die Aussage zu präzisieren, wurde die Studienpopulation aus 2573 Kindern weiter unterteilt in 2180 reife tAGA- (hier Eu- und Hypertrophe), 267 reife tSGA-Kinder (Hypotrophe) und 126 FG (Frühgeborene). In allen 3 Gruppen korrelierten das Nabelschnurbilirubin und der Serumbilirubinwert vom 3. Lebenstag positiv mit der Entwicklung einer Hyperbilirubinämie. Anhand dieser Ausgangswerte konnten Grenzen für Hoch-, Mittelhoch-, Mittelniedrig- und Niedrigrisikogruppen definiert werden, welche die Entwicklung einer Hyperbilirubinämie mit einer Wahrscheinlichkeit von ≥ 20 %, 5-20 %, 0 < x <5 % und 0 % voraussagen. Damit kann man bereits früh eine Vorabselektion entsprechend dem Gefährdungspotential treffen und die Verlaufskontrollen entsprechend terminieren. Als Risikofaktoren einer therapiepflichtigen Hyperbilirubinämie wurden außerdem Frühgeburtlichkeit, seltener tSGA, geringes Geburtsgewicht und niedriges Gestationsalter (in der vorliegenden FG-Gruppe nicht signifikant) gefunden. Im Falle einer Sectiogeburt und bei Zuhilfenahme von Hilfsmitteln im Rahmen einer vaginalen Entbindung nahm der Bedarf an Phototherapie in der tAGA- und tSGA-Gruppe zu.:Bibliographische Beschreibung……………………………………………………………………….1 Abkürzungsverzeichnis………………………………………………………………………………..2 1. Einleitung…………………………………………………………………………………...3 1.1. Geschichtliche Entwicklung……………………………………………………………………...3 1.2. Wandel der Anschauungen zu den Therapiegrenzen…..…………………………….................4 1.3. Hyperbilirubinämie……………………………………………………………………………….7 1.4. Kernikterusregister………………………………………………………………………………..8 1.5. Problemstellung…………………………………………………………………………………...9 2. Patienten und Methoden………………………………………………………………..11 2.1. Patientenkollektiv………………………………………………………………………………...11 2.2. Ausschlusskriterien………………………………………………………………………………11 2.3. Datenerfassung………………………………………………………………………………...…11 2.4. Phototherapie (PT)………………………………………………………………………………12 2.5. statistische Analyse………………………………………………………………………………13 2.5.1. konkrete Fragestellung………………………………………………………………………………...…13 2.6. Signifikanzniveau……………………………………………………..………………………….13 3. Ergebnisse………………………………………………………………………………..14 3.1. Gesamtpopulation…………………………………………………………….………………….14 3.2. Charakteristika der Studienpopulation…………………………….…………………………..14 3.3. tAGA (reife eu- und hypertrophe Neugeborene)………………………………………………16 3.4. tSGA (reife hypotrophe Neugeborene).……….……………………………………………….18 3.5. Frühgeborene (FG)………………………………..…………………………….……………….20 3.6. direkter Vergleich der 3 Untergruppen (tAGA, tSGA und FG)…………………………...…22 3.7. Charakteristika der Population der zweiten Studienphase…………………………………...28 3.8. tAGA-Kinder in der zweiten Studienphase (TSB3-tAGA)……………………………………30 3.9. tSGA in der zweiten Studienphase (TSB3-tSGA)….…………………………………………..32 3.10. Frühgeborene in der zweiten Studienphase (TSB3-FG)……………….…………………….35 3.11. direkter Vergleich der drei Untergruppen der zweiten Studienphase…………….………..37 3.12. Vergleich der retro- und prospektiven Teile der Studie…….……………………………….43 3.13. Die Phototherapiegruppe………………………………………………………………………45 3.13.5. Zusammenhang zwischen Phototherapie und Geburtsmodus………………………………………..47 3.13.6. Zusammenhang zwischen Phototherapie und Nabelschnurbilirubin………………………………..48 3.13.7. Zusammenhang zwischen Phototherapie und Serumbilirubin vom 3.LT (TSB3)…………………..51 3.14. Vorhersage der therapiepflichtigen Hyperbilirubinämie anhand der Nabelschnurbilirubin-Werte…..………………………………………………….…………………………………….……..54 3.14.1. statistische Begriffe………………………………………………………………………………………54 3.14.2. Vorhersage der therapiepflichtigen Hyperbilirubinämie anhand der Nabelschurbilirubin-Werte.54 3.15. Vorhersage der therapiepflichtigen Hyperbilirubinämie anhand TSB3 (Serumbilirubin vom 3. Lebenstag)……………………...………………………………………..……………………56 3.16. Zusammenhang zwischen NS-Bili und TSB3(Serumbilirubin vom 3. Lebenstag)…………58 3.17. Regressionsanalyse…………………………………...…………………………………………59 3.17.1. univariate Regressionsanalyse………………………………………………………………………….59 3.17.2. multivariate Regressionsanalyse………………………………………………………………………..59 3.18. Odds Ratio einer therapiepflichtigen Hyperbilirubinämie………………………………….61 3.19. Beginn und Dauer der Phototherapie…………………………………………………………62 4. Diskussion……………………………………….…………………………………..…….64 Nabelschnurbilirubin und Phototherapie………………………………………………….……….64 Serumbilirubin vom 3. Lebenstag und Phototherapie….………………………………………….67 Kombination aus Nabelschnurbilirubin und Serumbilirubin vom 3.Lebenstag…………………71 Phototherapiegruppe…………………………………………………………………………………73 Schlussfolgerung…………………………...…………………………………………………………76 5. Zusammenfassung der Arbeit……………………………………………………………78 6. Literaturverzeichnis………………………………………………………………………82 7. Abbildungsverzeichnis……………………………………………………………………98 8. Tabellenverzeichnis……………………………………………………………………….99 Erklärung über die eigenständige Abfassung der Arbeit…………………………..……101 Danksagung…………………...…………………………………………………..………..102 Lebenslauf……………………………………………………………………………………………103

No description available.

Submitted by Ana Hilda Fonseca (anahilda@ufba.br) on 2014-09-05T14:43:24Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese de Doutorado Gabriel Luiz dos Santos.pdf: 1820652 bytes, checksum: 813a41cbb9ae01d5c374c54cce45816c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Fatima Cleômenis Botelho Maria (botelho@ufba.br) on 2014-09-05T16:01:28Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese de Doutorado Gabriel Luiz dos Santos.pdf: 1820652 bytes, checksum: 813a41cbb9ae01d5c374c54cce45816c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-09-05T16:01:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese de Doutorado Gabriel Luiz dos Santos.pdf: 1820652 bytes, checksum: 813a41cbb9ae01d5c374c54cce45816c (MD5) / CNPq / O presente trabalho realizado em amostras coletadas na Baía de Todos os Santos, Bahia, Brasil, propõe estratégias para determinação multielementar e análise de especiação de vanádio em amostras de moluscos bivalves e sedimentos, empregando ICP OES e ICP-MS. Na primeira parte da tese, foram avaliadas as potencialidades de dois espectrômetros de massa com plasma indutivamente acoplado para determinação de As, Cr, Ni, Se e V em amostras de moluscos bivalves. Para efeito de comparação, três materiais de referência certificados (CRM) foram analisados: NIST 1566b SRM Oyster tissue, NRCC TORT-2 Lobster Hepatopancreas e NIST 2977 SRM Mussel tissue. A condição recomendada, que consistiu na determinação no modo padrão com adição de padrão interno, foi aplicada na determinação dos analitos em amostras de Macoma constricta coletadas em diferentes regiões da BTS. Os resultados apontaram que a maioria dos níveis de As, Cr, Ni, Se e V presentes na espécie Macoma constricta apresentaram valores acima dos níveis estabelecidos pela legislação vigente brasileira que são: 1,0 (As); 0,1 (Cr); 5,0 (Ni); 0,3 (Se) e 0,77 (V) g g-1 (peso úmido), o que representa risco à população e ao ecossistema. Na segunda parte da tese, foram investigadas as condições para a análise de especiação de vanádio em amostras de sedimentos, empregando extração alcalina e determinação por ICP OES. A concentração de V(IV) foi determinada por diferença, considerando a determinação de vanádio total, também realizada por ICP OES, após digestão das amostras com ácido nítrico em forno de micro- ondas com cavidade, usando o procedimento EPA 3051A. O procedimento foi validado através de testes de adição e recuperação e de análise do seguinte material de referência certificado: NIST 2702 (Inorganics in marine sediment). Pelos resultados obtidos pode-se concluir que os compostos contendo V(IV) são mais dominantes nas amostras dos sedimentos analisados. / The present work conducted on samples collected in Todos os Santos Bay, Bahia, Brasil, proposes strategies for multielement determination and speciation analysis of vanadium in bivalve molluscs and sediments samples, using ICP OES and ICP-MS. In the first part of the thesis, the potential of two inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometers for determination of As, Cr, Ni, Se and V in bivalve molluscs samples were evaluated. For comparison, three certified reference materials (CRM) were analyzed: NIST 1566b SRM Oyster tissue, NRCC TORT-2 Lobster Hepatopancreas e NIST 2977 SRM Mussel tissue. The recommended condition, which consisted in determining the standard mode with addition of internal standard, was applied in the determination of analytes in samples of Macoma constricta collected in different regions of the BTS. The results showed that most levels of As, Cr, Ni, Se and V present in the species Macoma constricta have values above the levels established by the Brazilian legislation, that are: 1.0 (As); 0.1 (Cr); 5.0 (Ni); 0.3 (Se) and 0.77 (V) g g-1 (wet weight), which represents risk to the population and the ecosystem. In the second part of the thesis, the conditions for speciation analysis of vanadium in soil and sediment samples were investigated, using alkaline extraction and determining by ICP OES. The V (IV) concentration was determined by difference, considering the total vanadium determination, also performed by ICP OES, after the samples digestion with nitric acid in cavity microwave oven, using the procedure EPA 3051A. The procedure was validated through addition and recovery tests and analysis of the following certified reference material: NIST 2702 (Inorganics in marine sediment). From the obtained results it can be concluded that compounds containing V (IV) are majority in the sediment samples analyzed.

No description available.

The future power grid will effectively utilize renewable energy resources and distributed generation to respond to energy demand while incorporating information technology and communication infrastructure for their optimum operation. This dissertation contributes to the development of real-time techniques, for wide-area monitoring and secure real-time control and operation of hybrid power systems. To handle the increased level of real-time data exchange, this dissertation develops a supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) system that is equipped with a state estimation scheme from the real-time data. This system is verified on a specially developed laboratory-based test bed facility, as a hardware and software platform, to emulate the actual scenarios of a real hybrid power system with the highest level of similarities and capabilities to practical utility systems. It includes phasor measurements at hundreds of measurement points on the system. These measurements were obtained from especially developed laboratory based Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) that is utilized in addition to existing commercially based PMU’s. The developed PMU was used in conjunction with the interconnected system along with the commercial PMU’s. The tested studies included a new technique for detecting the partially islanded micro grids in addition to several real-time techniques for synchronization and parameter identifications of hybrid systems. Moreover, due to numerous integration of renewable energy resources through DC microgrids, this dissertation performs several practical cases for improvement of interoperability of such systems. Moreover, increased number of small and dispersed generating stations and their need to connect fast and properly into the AC grids, urged this work to explore the challenges that arise in synchronization of generators to the grid and through introduction of a Dynamic Brake system to improve the process of connecting distributed generators to the power grid. Real time operation and control requires data communication security. A research effort in this dissertation was developed based on Trusted Sensing Base (TSB) process for data communication security. The innovative TSB approach improves the security aspect of the power grid as a cyber-physical system. It is based on available GPS synchronization technology and provides protection against confidentiality attacks in critical power system infrastructures.