Identifying efficient methods for teaching language to children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is important for clinical and educational practices. Two studies were conducted with the purpose of comparing two methods for teaching tacts: individual presentation and simultaneous presentation of three stimuli. An adapted alternating treatments design combined with a nonconcurrent multiple baseline across participants was used to compare the effects of these two methods. Four boys with ASD and ages between 3 and 9 years old, learned to tact 6 unfamiliar pictures, 3 through each method. In the individual presentation of stimuli method, one picture was presented in each trial. In the simultaneous presentation of stimuli method, 3 pictures were presented simultaneously in each trial. After criterion was met for each method, the emergence of the corresponding listener behavior was tested. In both studies, both methods resulted in the acquisition of tacts and the emergence of the corresponding listener behaviors. However, for two participants, the individual presentation of the stimuli was more efficient, in terms of the number of blocks to criterion achievement. For the other two participants, the difference in the number of blocks to criterion through each method was quite small. Variables such as the extra-experimental experience of the participants, the duration of the intertrial interval and the use of a progressive prompt delay procedure may have influenced the acquisition of the tacts through both methods. / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / A identificação de métodos eficientes para o ensino de linguagem para crianças com Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA) é de grande importância para as práticas clínica e educacional. Dois estudos foram conduzidos com o objetivo de comparar dois métodos de ensino de tato: apresentação individual e apresentação simultânea de três estímulos. Um delineamento de tratamentos alternados adaptado combinado com uma linha de base múltipla não concorrente entre participantes foi utilizado para comparar os efeitos destes dois métodos de ensino. Quatro meninos com TEA e idades entre 3 e 9 anos aprenderam a tatear 6 figuras não familiares, 3 por meio de cada método. No ensino do tato com apresentação individual dos estímulos, uma figura foi apresentada a cada tentativa, já no ensino do tato com apresentação simultânea, três figuras foram apresentadas simultaneamente a cada tentativa. Após alcance de critério de aprendizagem em cada método, testou-se a emergência dos comportamentos de ouvinte correspondentes. Em ambos os estudos, os dois métodos de ensino resultaram na aprendizagem do tato e na emergência dos comportamentos de ouvinte. No entanto, para dois participantes, a apresentação individual dos estímulos foi mais eficiente, em termos do número de blocos necessários para alcance de critério. Para os outros dois participantes, a diferença no número de blocos necessários para alcance de critério com cada método foi bastante pequena. Variáveis como a experiência extraexperimental dos participantes, a duração do intervalo entre as tentativas e a utilização do procedimento de atraso progressivo de dica podem ter influenciado a aprendizagem dos tatos por meio de ambos os métodos.

This thesis is focused on the analysis of current state of production technology and quality control of high-pressure reservoir. It deals mainly on the macro-metallographic test of the quality and position of the weld, the posibility of it´s implementation, organization of workplace. Task of this thesis is to find alternative methods of testing. Part of thesis is design and implementation of a new workplace´s layout based on experiment with using of alternative method of testing and assessment of implementation to achal process. The main objective is to improve the working condition and reduction of time for testing.

Brandmansyrket har under lång tid varit mansdominerat, trots att antalet kvinnor inom yrket har ökat går det än idag att se en tydlig skillnad mellan antalet kvinnliga respektive manliga brandmän. Med grund i denna problematik har denna studie syftat till att undersöka kvinnliga brandmäns upplevelser av kulturen i ett mansdominerat yrke. Studien har utgått ifrån frågeställningarna “Påverkas kulturen på arbetsplatsen av att det är ett mansdominerat yrke?” samt “Hur upplever kvinnliga brandmän att arbeta i ett mansdominerat yrke?”. För att undersöka detta har empiri samlats in genom kvalitativa intervjuer med nio kvinnliga brandmän. Med hjälp av Raewyn Connells teori om genusrelationer och hegemonisk maskulinitet samt Erving Goffmans begrepp taktfullhet, har det insamlade materialet analyserats. Intervjuerna har bidragit med förståelse för de kvinnliga brandmännens upplevelser av att arbeta i ett mansdominerat yrke. Resultatet har visat att de kvinnliga brandmännen har en positiv inställning till att arbeta i ett mansdominerat yrke samt att det har skett förändring i kulturen, men belyser vikten av en fortsatt utveckling av jämställdhetsarbetet. / For a long time firefighter has been a male dominated profession. Even though the number of female firefighters has increased there is still a distinct difference between the amount of female- and male firefighters. Based on this problem this study aimed to examine female firefighters experience of the culture in a male dominated profession. The framing questions of the study was ”Does the fact that it is a male dominated profession affect the culture in the workplace?” and ”How does female firefighters experience working in a male dominated profession?”. The study is of qualitative character and the empirical material has been collected through nine qualitative interviews with female firefighters. The empirical material has been analysed using Raewyn Connells Theory of gender realisations and hegemonic masculinity, as well as Erving Goffmans concept Tact. The interviews has contributed with understanding of the female firefighters experience of working in a male dominated profession. The results has shown that female firefighters has a positive attitude towards working in a male dominated profession and their experience is that there has been a change in the culture. Despite that they also highlight the importance of continued development of gender equality work.

På Scanias chassimontering används mjukvaran AVIX för att skapa elementblad, positionsstandarder och balansera monteringslinorna. Tidssättningen sker för närvarande med stoppurmetoden, men en övergång till Scania Time Block (STB) är pågående. STB är en metod som redan har standardiserade tider för olika moment och används i stället för manuell tidtagning. Målet är att förstå hur Scania arbetar med AVIX och ES, analysera kompetenserna i AVIX och STB, samt tidssätta fler positioner med STB och förbättra processer och rutiner. STB bygger på MTM-SAM metoden och använder standardiserade koder för olika moment på ES. En utredning genomfördes på trycktanksförmonteringen för att undersöka tidsdifferensen mellan de olika metoderna och tidspress hos montörerna. Genom att använda STB kunde man få en objektiv och standardiserad tidsuppskattning för att producera en specifik variant. En intressant observation var att det fanns en tydlig avvikelse mellan de manuellt klockade tiderna och STB-tiderna. De manuella tiderna verkar inte ta hänsyn till specifika steg som operatörerna måste utföra. Baserat på analysen rekommenderas Scania att införa STB på alla produktionsanläggningar, särskilt för chassi, för att säkerställa att montörerna får en rättvis takttid som tar hänsyn till den faktiska tiden för varje moment. Detta skulle bidra till förbättrade processer och rutiner i produktionen. / Scania's chassis assembly utilizes the software AVIX to create bill of materials, position standards, and balance assembly lines. Currently, time measurement is done manually using stopwatch, but a transition to Scania Time Block (STB) is underway. STB is a method that already has standardized times for different tasks and replaces manual timing. The goal is to understand Scania's utilization of AVIX and ES, analyze the competencies in AVIX and STB, time more positions using STB, and improve processes and routines. STB is based on the MTM-SAM method and employs standardized codes for various tasks on the assembly line. An investigation was conducted on the pre-assembly of pressurized tanks to examine the time differences between the methods and the time pressure experienced by the assemblers. By utilizing STB, an objective and standardized time estimation for producing a specific variant could be obtained. An interesting observation was a clear deviation between the manually timed durations and the STB times. The manual timings seemed to overlook specific steps that operators must perform. Based on the analysis, it is recommended that Scania implement STB across all production facilities, particularly for chassis, to ensure fair cycle times that consider the actual time required for each task. This would contribute to improved processes and routines in the production line.