Objectives: 1) To describe the interprofessional implementation process and programmatic outcomes of an inaugural drug take-back event on a university campus; 2) To quantify donated medications and summarize donor demographics. Method: East Tennessee State University (ETSU) affiliated colleges, campus organizations, research teams, law enforcement and other community partners collaborated to host the inaugural live drug take-back event on ETSU’s main undergraduate campus. Programmatic outcomes included the number of community stakeholders, ETSU participating colleges, student donors, and donated medication metrics, including controlled substance medications. All donated medications were quantified by drug name and controlled substance schedule. Donor demographic information and perceptions of drug abuse on campus were collected using a brief survey. Results: Fifty pounds of medications were collected for disposal by 42 donors (9 students; 33 non-students). Controlled substances accounted for 8% of donated medications. Nearly 80% of student donors were enrolled in Academic Health Science Center colleges. Aggregate survey results indicated concerns about prescription drug abuse and misuse on campus. Three faculty members, two research fellows, two doctoral students, three graduate assistants and eight professional students from ETSU’s Colleges of Pharmacy and Public Health, as well as additional staff members, represented the contributing community entities and colleges during the live event. Implications: Conduction of drug take-back events on a university campus can promote interprofessional public health interventions and simultaneously reduce opportunities for nonmedical use of prescription drugs in college students. Further research is warranted to establish best practices and maximum impact for college-based take-back events.

Proper disposal of controlled substance medications, a legally gray area since the Controlled Substance Act of 1970 was passed, has received renewed attention in recent years because of an increase in deaths related to opioid pain reliever (OPR) overdoses and increased nonmedical use of OPRs.1,2 Prescription drug take-back events have been organized under the purview of the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) to properly dispose of controlled substance medications; to decrease prescription medication diversion, abuse, and accidental poisonings; and to decrease environmental hazards resulting from improper medication disposal. The DEA has reported pounds of medications in aggregate donated at take-back events but has not examined the extent to which OPRs are being donated at these events.3 We analyzed the characteristics of donors and medications donated at 11 take-back events in rural Appalachia, an area struggling with disproportionately high rates of OPR nonmedical use and abuse.

Submitted by Jean Medeiros (jeanletras@uepb.edu.br) on 2018-05-18T13:06:39Z No. of bitstreams: 1 PDF - Maria Albiege Sales de Oliveira.pdf: 34132893 bytes, checksum: ebad549e338b48a976faf7d802fb5dd5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-18T13:06:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PDF - Maria Albiege Sales de Oliveira.pdf: 34132893 bytes, checksum: ebad549e338b48a976faf7d802fb5dd5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-27 / In the last two decades, innovation and competitiveness have been the key factors driving the technological development of electronic equipment. Higher speeds, an aggressive marketing, smaller form factors, higher performance and lower costs stimulate consumers to replace existing and still functional equipment by new models, at an increasingly higher rate. This early replacement leads to a massive obsolescence of electronic equipment, the so-called E-waste (WEEE). It occurs worldwide and has become a major environmental problem. E-waste often contains heavy metals (such as Lead, Cadmium, Beryllium, Arsenic, etc.), precious metals (Gold, Silver, Platinum, etc.) but also chlorinated products and flame-retardants. Some of these products become highly toxic when incinerated or slowly release toxic substances when dumped into landfill, causing immediate and irreversible impact on the environment and hence, to the human health. The main objective of this research was to analyze the management of WEEE in the city of Campina Grande-PB, located in the Northeast of Brazil, in relation to what proposes the Municipal Legislation, Complementary Law 087/2014, as well as the principles and guidelines established by the National Policy on Solid Waste, Law 12.305 / 2010. To achieve this objective, a qualitative exploratory study was carried out, seeking out ways to obtain greater familiarity with the problem at hand, involving a bibliographical survey of federal, state and municipal laws related to solid waste policies in Brazil as well about WEEE matters. To add quantitative data to the research, a field survey was conducted between march and november 2017, among residential consumers, shopkeepers of electrical and electronic equipment of the city of Campina Grande and local municipal bodies responsible for solid waste management. The research revealed that the Management of Waste of Electrical and Electronic Equipment in the city of Campina Grande is not in accordance with the guidelines of the Municipal Legislation, Complementary Law 087/2014, nor does it observe the principles established by the National Policy on Solid Waste, established by Law 12,305 / 2010. / A inovação e a competitividade vêm impulsionando, nas últimas décadas, o desenvolvimento tecnológico. Notadamente nas áreas de eletrônica e informática surgiram equipamentos que atraem os consumidores e os estimulam ao consumismo. Por esta razão, a vida útil de um equipamento eletroeletrônico está gradativamente mais curta, e muitos equipamentos são descartados mesmo em funcionamento. O problema é que esse descarte ocorre em grande escala, acarretando a geração expressiva de resíduos de equipamentos eletroeletrônicos. Devido à decomposição extremamente lenta e à alta toxicidade dos componentes da maioria dos equipamentos eletroeletrônicos, o seu descarte gera problemas irreversíveis para o Meio Ambiente e para a saúde humana. O principal objetivo desta pesquisa foi analisar a Gestão dos Resíduos de Equipamentos Eletroeletrônicos na cidade de Campina Grande, Paraíba, situada no Nordeste do Brasil, em relação ao que propõe a Legislação Municipal, Lei Complementar 087/2014, bem como aos princípios e diretrizes estabelecidos pela Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos vigente. A pesquisa realizada foi de natureza quali-quantitativa de cunho exploratório, realizada no período de abril a novembro de 2017, em Campina Grande-PB. Os dados foram obtidos a partir de entrevistas semiestruturadas aplicadas aos consumidores, lojistas do comércio de equipamentos eletroeletrônicos e gestores públicos responsáveis pela gestão deste tipo de resíduo sólido. Constatou-se, na cidade estudada, a ausência da aplicabilidade da Logística Reversa, em oposição à Legislação Municipal que previa o seu início a partir do ano de 2016. Visto que a prefeitura priorizou a gestão de resíduos secos, à gestão dos REEE restou ações de coletas através de campanhas esporádicas articuladas com Instituições privadas da cidade. Faltam infraestrutura operacional, mecanismos de divulgação dos poucos Ecopontos implantados e ações educativas para a população. Por conseguinte, concluiu-se que a Gestão dos Resíduos de Equipamentos Eletroeletrônicos na cidade de Campina Grande não está em conformidade com as diretrizes da Legislação Municipal, Lei Complementar 087/2014, como também não atenta para os princípios estabelecidos pela Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos, instituída pela Lei 12.305/2010.

Das aktuell vorherrschende lineare Wirtschaftsprinzip ist für viele Umweltprobleme verantwortlich. Neben der immensen Umweltverschmutzung sorgt der stetig wachsende Ressourcenverbrauch für eine zunehmende Verknappung vieler wertvoller Rohstoffe. Ein intelligentes Kreislaufwirtschaftskonzept wie Cradle-to-Cradle kann diesen Problemen entgegenwirken. Für eine erfolgreiche Umsetzung von Cradle-to-Cradle werden unternehmerische Ansätze benötigt. Im Rahmen dieses Artikels werden vier Konzepte untersucht, die in einer Kreislaufwirtschaft implementiert werden können. Diese sind Design für Demontage, Produkt-Service-Systeme, Take-back Strategien und Reverse Logistics. Für jeden dieser vier Ansätze werden die Voraussetzungen sowie Barrieren hinsichtlich der Umsetzung innerhalb eines Kreislaufwirtschaftssystems aufgezeigt. Zudem wird dargelegt, dass sie im Cradle-to-Cradle-System realisierbar sind. Weiterhin werden reale Beispiele in Form von Unternehmen vorgestellt, die die verschiedenen Modelle bereits erfolgreich umgesetzt haben. Alle vier untersuchten Konzepte sind für ein Kreislaufwirtschaftssystem unter Beachtung der Cradle-to-Cradle-Kriterien geeignet. / The currently prevailing linear economic principle is responsible for many environmental problems. In addition to the immense environmental pollution, the constantly growing consumption of resources is causing an increasing shortage of many valuable raw materials. An intelligent circular economy concept such as Cradle to Cradle can counteract these problems. Entrepreneurial approaches are needed for a successful implementation of Cradle to Cradle. This article examines four concepts that can be implemented in a circular economy. These are design for disassembly, product service systems, take-back strategies, and reverse logistics. For each of these four approaches, the prerequisites as well as barriers regarding the implementation within a circular economy system are shown. In addition, it is shown that they can be implemented in a cradle-to-cradle system. Furthermore, real examples are presented as companies that have already successfully implemented the various models. All four concepts examined are suitable for a circular economy system in compliance with the Cradle to Cradle criteria.

Syftet med följande undersökning var att analysera korrelationerna mellan valkampanjerna Britian Stronger In Europe och Vote Leave, Take Back Control i förhållande till retorikens tre element ethos (trovärdighet), logos (förnuft) och pathos (känslor). Utifrån en kvalitativ innehållsanalys har valkampanjernas dokument, rapporter, affischer, tal och videoklipp analyserats för att presentera korrelationerna faktorerna emellan. Undersökningen kommer fram till att valkampanjen Britian Stronger In Europe och dess kampanjmaterial gick att korrelera till samtliga retoriska element, medan Vote Leave-kampanjen enbart gick att korrelera till ethos- och pathos-elementen. Anledningen till detta berodde på att Vote Leave-kampanjen inte utgick från något tillförlitligt material för att styrka sitt ställningstagande i relation till Storbritanniens medlemskap i EU, vilket var ett krav för att uppfylla logos-elementets kännetecken. Detta till trots, lyckades Vote Leave-kampanjen gå segrande ur den brittiska folkomröstningen med 52 % av rösterna gentemot Stronger In-kampanjens 48 %.

The changing climate is a major driver for transitioning towards a Circular Economy (CE). However, conceptual discussions and business models related to CE are still emerging, thus considered to be inadequate and immature. One way to promote and accelerate a CE is through shifting towards Circular procurement (CP). Additionally, one major change needed for procurement in order to become circular, regards the assurance of follow-up and control of products and materials. However, there is limited research on CP in terms of collaboration and follow-up activities. Thus, this study explores how collaboration between an organization, its suppliers and customers can be strategically handled to support follow-up and control of products and materials within CP.  The chosen methodology consisted of a qualitative research design with an exploratory approach. A total of eleven semi-structured interviews were conducted. Derived from the theoretical findings coupled with empirical findings, a framework was developed to clearly map out the challenges related to CP, activities needed in procurement when transitioning to a CP as well as the potential outcomes of these. To ensure the relevance of the activities included in the developed framework, three out of the total eleven interviews were conducted with experts within the circular field, to validate the framework. In terms of the findings of this research, several important aspects related to how collaboration can promote integration of circularity within procurement to ensure follow-up and control of products and material were found. Firstly, a new type of internal collaboration between sales and the procurement department is needed. Besides this, the procurement function should focus on maintaining a long-term relationship with the suppliers, preferably already contracted ones. Further, due to the lack of knowledge related to the concept of CP, it was found that there is a need to integrate a preparation phase called phase 0 prior to the traditional steps of a procurement process. Finally, it was found that the integration of feedback and monitoring mechanisms, in form of documentation and checklists, is of importance to monitor and evaluate circular targets as well as document the lessons learnt to apply these in upcoming procurement processes. / Det förändrade klimatet är en viktig drivkraft för övergången till en Cirkulär Ekonomi (CE). Konceptuella diskussioner och affärsmodeller relaterade till CE håller fortfarande på att växa fram, och anses därför vara otillräckliga och omogna. Ett sätt att främja och påskynda en CE, är att växla mot cirkulära inköp (CI). En stor förändring som krävs för att inköpsfunktionen ska bli cirkulär, är att säkerställa uppföljning och kontroll av produkter och material. Dock finns det begränsad forskning om CI vad gäller samverkan och uppföljningsaktiviteter. Således undersöker denna studie hur samverkan mellan en organisation, dess leverantörer och kunder kan hanteras strategiskt för att säkerställa uppföljning och kontroll av produkter och material inom CI. Den valda metodiken bestod av en kvalitativ studie med ett utforskande förhållningssätt. Totalt genomfördes elva semi-strukturerade intervjuer. Med utgångspunkt från litteraturgenomgången tillsammans med analysen från insamlade data utvecklades ett ramverk för att tydliggöra utmaningar relaterade till CI, aktiviteter som behövs inom inköpsprocessen vid integration av cirkularitet, samt det potentiella resultatet och påverkan av dessa. För att säkerställa relevansen av aktiviteterna ingående i det utvecklade ramverket, genomfördes tre av de elva intervjuerna med experter som innehar kunskap kring cirkularitet. Syftet med dessa tre intervjuer var huvudsakligen för experterna att validera ramverket. När det gäller resultaten av denna studie hittades flera viktiga aspekter relaterade till hur samverkan kan främja integration av cirkularitet inom inköpsprocessen för att säkerställa uppföljning och kontroll av produkter och material. För det första upptäcktes behovet av en ny intern samverkan mellan sälj och inköpsfunktionen. Utöver ökad kommunikation och samverkan mellan sälj och inköpsfunktionen, bör inköpsfunktionen fokusera på att upprätthålla en långsiktig relation med leverantörer. Vidare, på grund av bristen på kunskap relaterad till begreppet CI, fann man att det finns ett behov av att integrera en förberedelsefas som i denna studie kallas fas 0, före de traditionella stegen i en inköpsprocess. Slutligen fann man att det är viktigt att integrera återkopplings- och uppföljningsmekanismer i form av dokumentation och checklistor, för att kunna övervaka och utvärdera cirkulära mål samt dokumentera lärdomarna för att tillämpa dessa i kommande inköpsprocesser.

This thesis is focused on the analysis of the global lighting market and the assessment of the current position of the Czech Republic in this market. The first part is devoted to the theoretical introduction in the field of lighting technology. Furthermore, the thesis deals with the relation between lighting market and energy sector, especially with regard to energy efficiency policy. The market analysis is concentrated primarily on general lighting, which forms the largest and the most important lighting market segment. The development of the Czech lighting market is then discussed in the context of the global as well as the European market. Additionally, the thesis includes analysis of current trends in lighting technology and research conducted among manufacturers of lighting.