Vocal Function Exercises (VFEs) is a well-known treatment program that consists of four exercises, in which the first and fourth tasks require maximally sustained phonation. However, the active ingredients responsible for treatment efficacy are still unknown. The primary purpose of this investigation was the explore the effects of maximally sustained phonation on the VFE outcome measure of maximum phonation time (MPT) in individuals between the ages of 18-40 with normal voice. Participants were randomized into three experimental groups that completed VFEs for six weeks. The baseline group sustained tasks one and four for as long as was achieved at the baseline session; The three-week group sustained the exercises for as long as possible the first three weeks, then to their three-week MPT average for the remaining three weeks of the program; The standard group maximally sustained phonation for all six weeks. Results indicated significant improvement in percent to MPT goal attainment in the standard group and three-week group. The baseline group did not result in significant change. Including maximally sustained phonation throughout the course of VFEs is essential to producing substantial improvements in voice production, in terms of percent to MPT goal.

This work, which is intended for secondary school pupils and teachers, is fo- cused on orthogonal axonometry for pupils and teachers at secondary schools. The thesis consists of exercises, some of them are stepped in presentations and can be found on the attached CD. Templates of models that students can build themselves are included in the first exercises for better understanding. The text is supplemented by the development of orthogonal axonometry and an analysis of the current state of orthogonal axonometry education in the Czech Republic, based on a questionnaire survey and an analysis of textbooks. The theoretical part of the work was prepared for publication on the website. 1

Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka olika stödstrukturer som kan stödja elever när de tarsig an textbaserade problemlösningsuppgifter. Detta har skett genom en systematisklitteraturstudie som sedan resulterade i flera kategorier av stödstrukturer. I studiens resultatsynliggjordes tre huvudkategorier av stödstrukturer: Orienterande stödstrukturer,Digitaliserade stödstrukturer och Visuellt organiserande stödstrukturer. Den sistnämndeinnehöll två underkategorier som fick benämningen, Schema-baserade samt Visuellarepresentationer. Vår slutsats av denna studie var att ett begränsat antal elevanpassadestödstrukturer från de olika kategorierna är att rekommendera för elever som tar sig antextbaserade problemlösningsuppgifter. / Problem solving is a part of school mathematics and students require different types ofsupport. The purpose of this study is to examine the different types of support structureswhich can support students when they try to solve text-based problem-solving tasks. Thisstudy uses a systematic literature study as means to identify different categories of supportstructures. The result identified three main categories which are: Orientating supportstructure, Digitalization support structure and Visual organization support structure. Thelatter contains two subcategories which are, Schema-based and Visual representation. Ourconclusion of this study suggests that a limited amount of student adapted support structuresfrom the different categories is to be recommended for students who are solving text-basedproblem-solving tasks.

Das Wissenschaftsverständnis als Verständnis über die charakteristischen Grundzüge der Erkenntnisgewinnung und die Eigenschaften naturwissenschaftlichen Wissens ist in einem durch Naturwissenschaften und Technik geprägten Alltag unverzichtbar (z. B. NGSS Achieve Inc., 2013). Viele Autoren gehen davon aus, dass Schüler durch das Konstruieren, Testen und Ändern von Modellen ein Modellverständnis als Bestandteil von Wissenschaftsverständnis erlangen (z. B. Lehrer & Schauble, 2006). Doch bisher konnte keine Studie gefunden werden, die diesen Zusammenhang empirisch belegt. Daher wurde auf der theoretischen Basis des Modells der Modellbildung nach Justi und Gilbert (2002) eine standardisierte Hands-On-Aufgabenstruktur entwickelt und evaluiert. Sie regt Schülerinnen und Schüler dazu an, Tätigkeiten der Modellbildung auszuführen, um eigene Hypothesen zu untersuchen. Dabei aktivierte Schülervorstellungen wurden mit einer Methodenkombination aus Lautem Denken, Interview und Videoaufzeichnung erfasst. Zur Beurteilung der Qualität aktivierter Vorstellungen in unterschiedlich elaborierten Ausprägungen wurde das Kompetenzmodell der Modellkompetenz von Upmeier zu Belzen und Krüger (2010) herangezogen. Als grundlegendes Ergebnis zeigt sich, dass die meisten Probanden der zehnten Jahrgangsstufe trotz unterstützender und strukturierender Maßnahmen keine Vorstellungen über Modelle als Erkenntnismethoden äußerten. Doch in der Arbeit werden andere erfolgreiche Lernangebote zur Aktivierung epistemologischer Schülervorstellungen beschrieben. Eine weitere Erkenntnis der Studie ist, dass die durch Justi und Gilbert (2002) beschriebenen Schritte zur Modellbildung mit Blick auf zukünftige Interventionen um drei Aspekte erweitert werden können. Außerdem werden mit Blick auf die Anbindung in den Schulkontext Unterschiede zwischen grafischen, gegenständlichen und verbalen Modellbildungsprozessen reflektiert, die mithilfe eines qualitativen, experimentellen Untersuchungsdesigns erfasst wurden. / Various authors claim that students achieve a better understanding of the nature of science and scientific inquiry through modeling (e.g. Lehrer & Schauble, 2006). In this process, students develop models of a phenomenon, test their ideas with the model, change the models and discuss the results. Whether students do indeed achieve a better understanding of the nature of science and scientific inquiry through the process of modeling cannot be answered sufficiently by current research. That’s why, in this study the model of modeling by Justi and Gilbert (2002) was transferred into a standardized hands-on tasks. The task forces students to analyze their own questions about a biological phenomenon by building, testing and changing models. In this process, students’ conceptions were captured with a combination of interviews, thinking aloud and videography. The theoretical structure of model competence by Upmeier zu Belzen and Krüger (2010) served to assess the quality of the student statements. A fundamental result of this study is that the participants at the age of sixteen expressed mainly ideas about models as a product of science despite supportive measures. The thesis describes other offers of the hands-on tasks which enable ideas about models as inquiry methods. Another finding of the study is that the modeling steps of Justi and Gilbert (2002) can be extended to three aspects. In addition, and overlooking the school context, differences between graphic, material and verbal modeling processes are described. These were analyzed using a qualitative, experimental study design.

This project is part of a collaborative MSc training programme between the Aviation Industries of China (AVIC) and Cranfield University, aiming at enhancing the competitiveness of AVIC in both international and domestic aviation market through applying continuing airworthiness policies in the whole aircraft development process. The arrangement of the research project is that all students start with a Group Design Project which is based on the Flying Crane Project provided by AVIC. Individual research projects will address some aspects of the Flying Crane Project during the Group Design Project, and then further developed during the period for individual projects. The aim of this research is to apply the airworthiness requirements and the methodology of the Maintenance Steering Group logic (MSG-3) in the Flying Crane Project. This is because that maintenance is one of the key factors of Continuing Airworthiness, and MSG-3 logic is the most accepted and approved method to develop scheduled maintenance for civil aircrafts. The main objectives of this project include: (1) To investigate current Continuing Airworthiness regulations, including European airworthiness requirements (as the main regulation to comply with) and Chinese airworthiness regulations (as an important reference and supplement to the research); (2) To investigate the main analysis methodology of reliability and maintainability, including Damage Tolerance and Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA); (3) To analyse the data resulted from the Group Design Project using MSG-3 logic to produce a set of Continuing Airworthiness instructions, for the operator and maintenance organisation of the aircraft, from the design organization’s perspective; (4) To develop Continuing Airworthiness instructions for airline operators to compose maintenance programmes for Flying Crane aircrafts, including maintenance tasks and intervals for the selected airframe systems and structural components; and (5) To identify applicable maintenance organisations in China for Flying Crane aircrafts in accordance with both European and Chinese airworthiness requirements. On completion of this research, two aspects of Continuing Airworthiness have been investigated, including maintenance programme and maintenance organization. With MSG-3 logic, the author developed the maintenance plan for three structural components (fuselage skin panel, wing root joint, and fin-fuselage attachment) and one airframe system (fuel system) based on results from the Group Design Project. The author also investigated the Chinese domestic aircraft maintenance companies, and selected suitable maintenance organizations based on technical and economical criteria.

Efficient model checking is important in order to make this type of software verification useful for systems that are complex in their structure. If a system is too large or complex then model checking does not simply scale, i.e., it could take too much time to verify the system. This is one strong argument for focusing on making model checking faster. Another interesting aim is to make model checking so fast that it can be used for predicting scheduling decisions for real-time schedulers at runtime. This of course requires the model checking to complete within a order of milliseconds or even microseconds. The aim is set very high but the results of this thesis will at least give a hint on whether this seems possible or not. The magic card for (maybe) making this possible is called Graphics Processing Unit (GPU). This thesis will investigate if and how a model checking algorithm can be ported and executed on a GPU. Modern GPU architectures offers a high degree of processing power since they are equipped with up to 1000 (NVIDIA GTX 590) or 3000 (NVIDIA Tesla K10) processor cores. The drawback is that they offer poor thread-communication possibilities and memory caches compared to CPU. This makes it very difficult to port CPU programs to GPUs.The example model (system) used in this thesis represents a real-time task scheduler that can schedule up to three periodic self-suspending tasks. The aim is to verify, i.e., find a feasible schedule for these tasks, and do it as fast as possible with the help of the GPU.

AbstractAuthor: Sofie JakobssonCourse: Media and Communication Studies CUniversity: Division of Media and Communication, Department of Information Science, Uppsala UniversityPeriod: Spring 2012Key words: Job ads, Professional Communicator, Public Relations Officer, Trait Theory, Five Factor Theory, Big Five, personal traits, work tasks.Title: The Independent Specialist. A study of requested personal types in Professional Communicators.Number of pages: 35Purpose/ Aim: The study aims to evaluate what kind of personality type that would make a good fit for a Professional Communicator. The study examines personal traits and work tasks that are presented in job ads for Professional Communicators in Sweden today. From this material the author wants to calculate what kind of personal type that characterize the profession with the help of the Big Five theory.Material/ Method: Quantitative research method based on job ads.Main results: The study shows that personal traits that employers look for in Professional Communicators today are mainly traits from the Conscientiousness group with characteristics such as independent, structured and planning. The second biggest personality group is Extraversion where personal traits like driving, outgoing and social were put. The results also indicate that the professional should enjoy working independently but also be able to cooperate with other people. A big part of the profession involves tasks which are of a producing nature which indicates that a talent or personality that fits for that kind of tasks is to prefer.

Im Mittelpunkt steht eine Schülergruppe in einer der drei Musikstunden auf DVD, die sich mit dem Erfinden einer Choreografie befasst. Ausgehend von dem bildungsgangdidaktischen Konstrukt der Entwicklungsaufgabe werden die unterschiedlichen Perspektiven rekonstruiert, aus denen heraus Schüler und Lehrer die in der Aufgabenstellung enthaltenen Anreize und Schwierigkeiten wahrnehmen. / The article focuses on a group of students/ pupils in one of the music lessons on DVD, that is concerned with the invention of a choreograhy. Taking developmental tasks into consideration, It deals with the different perspectives of pupils and teacher and the related obstacles and incentives inherent in the original tasks.

It is known that concurrent secondary tasks or attentionally salient stimuli shorten reproduced temporal durations. The main aim of this thesis is to use three types of secondary tasks to see their effects on duration judgments. The Attentional Gate Model (Block &amp / Zakay, 2006) served as theoretical background for a series of 4 experiments. There were 2 baseline/control experiments for studying the effect of 2 different and novel secondary tasks which are temporal comparison and non-temporal executive tasks. Three duration lengths (short-moderate-long) were used (15, 30 and 45 sec) that subjects had to reproduce. In Exp-1 (control experiment for Exp-2) subjects had to reproduce almost empty time intervals. Exp-2, which investigated the role of a secondary temporal task, revealed significantly decreased reproduced durations as compared to Exp-1 which is in line with our hypothesis. In Exp-3 (control experiment for Exp-4) subjects carried out a non-temporal/non-executive secondary task. Exp-4, in which a Simon task was used as a non-temporal executive secondary task, resulted in significantly decreased reproduced durations as compared to Exp-3 as well. Moreover, duration length effects were found for all experiments that included an attention consuming secondary tasks (Exp-2-3-4), i.e., longer durations were more underestimated than shorter ones in the presence of attention demanding tasks. We conclude that secondary temporal tasks and even more so executive non-temporal tasks can lead to decreased temporal duration judgements, thus affecting subjects&rsquo / time perception, in line with the Attentional Gate Model.

Various special operations of Taiwan special tasks guard often involve in violating citizens¡¦ life, freedom, property and privacy, and the principal legal basis for special tasks reinforcement agency only consists in the ¡§Implementation Regulation of the National Security Bureau Special Tasks¡¨ stipulated with the authorization of Article 11 of ¡§Organic Act of the National Security Bureau¡¨. Only that the said Measure lacks regulations concerning the launch requirements, enforcement procedure, and remedy channel of requisite inspection, control, and control area delimitation toward personnel, items, location, traffic, communication and other equipments in relation to safety maintenance and result in the common occurrence of ¡§Excessive Special Service Enforcement¡¨ or ¡§Excessive Control¡¨ and incur public complaint repeatedly. However, special tasks maintains the entire lifeline of a nation, for the safety of protected individuals is relevant to nation security and society stability. On the premise of insuring ¡§Absolute Safe ¡¨ of the designated individuals, how to achieve the balance with the demand of ¡§Principle of the Rule of Law¡¨ and ¡§Principle of Respecting Human Right¡¨ proclaimed by current constitution has been the 1st priority of Taiwan special tasks guard. Therefore, the problem in the legal system of Taiwan special tasks guard is hereby to be reviewed through the angle of administrative law with the Basic Principle, Administrative Organization, Administrative Competence, Administrative Remedy, and Administrative Supervision derived from the method and principle of Administrative Law. And to bring forth more specific advices against items that need to be promoted and reformed respectively in the existed legal system one by one, expecting to provide reference to policy decision making or legislative agency for future legislation, and therefore to establish a complete legal system of Taiwan special tasks guard to promote the nomocracy image of Taiwan.