Myndigheter har en central roll i dagens samhälle och många av dem möter vi varje dag vilket gör deras arbete högst aktuellt. Deras ansvarsområden överlappar ibland varandra vilket kräver att de samverkar. Tack vare samverkan kan myndigheterna effektivisera sitt arbete och uppnå bättre resultat. Däremot fungerar deras samverkan inte alltid på ett effektivt sätt utan är något som måste utvecklas och skapas tillsammans. Syftet med denna studie var att få en bredare förståelse för samt bidra med kunskap kring interorganisatorisk samverkan vid återvinning av brottsutbyten med särskilt fokus på faktorer som kan främja respektive utgöra hinder för samverkan. Efter avslutad studie har vi gett ett bidrag om de faktorer som kännetecknar interorganisatoriska samband vid brottsbekämpning om brottsutbyten samt gett förslag på förbättringar. Vi valde att använda oss av en fallstudie som metod där en kvalitativ forskningsansats tillämpades. För att få olika perspektiv samt en ökad förståelse för fenomenet som studerats har vi intervjuat sex experter, därmed en från varje myndighet. Vår teoretiska referensram består av forskning som behandlar samverkans betydelse, former och förutsättningar med särskild fokus på främjande respektive hindrande faktorer för interorganisatorisk samverkan. Vi presenterar även en analysmodell som fungerade som en utgångspunkt då vi med hjälp av denna konkretiserade vårt informationsbehov. I empirikapitlet presenterar vi de olika myndigheterna och deras roll i samverkan samt resultaten av intervjuerna. Information kring brottsutbyten presenteras också vilket utgör grunden för den empiriska bakgrunden och den empiriska undersökningen. Detta utgör tillsammans med den teoretiska referensramen grunden för vår diskussion och slutsats. Vår studie visar att det finns faktorer i de utvalda myndigheternas interorganisatoriska samverkan som utgör hinder samt främjar deras arbete kring återvinning av brottsutbyten. Engagemanget ser vi som en främjande faktor i myndigheternas interorganisatoriska samverkan. Kommunikationen mellan myndigheterna utgör en främjande faktor samtidigt som det också finns hinder i kommunikationen. Andra hinder för samverkan är sekretess och brist på relevanta verktyg för uppföljning. Eftersom myndigheterna arbetar utifrån olika ansvarsområden, uppdrag och regelverk konstaterar vi avslutningsvis att samverkan behöver bättre styrning som kan stödja pågående projekt och bidra till bättre synkronisering, koordinering och integrering av arbetsprocesserna. / Authorities play a central role in today's society. We meet many of them every day, which makes their work very actual. Their responsibilities sometimes overlap, which requires them to interact. Through this collaboration, the authorities can improve their efficiency and achieve better results. However, their collaboration does not always work well but is something that has to be created and developed together. The purpose of this study was to contribute with knowledge about inter-organizational collaboration in the reclaiming of profits from crime. We wanted to get a wider understanding of government collaboration that takes place with particular focus on factors that can promote or constitute barriers to collaboration. After completing the study, we have made a contribution about the factors that characterize inter-organizational collaboration in the reclaiming of profits from crime and suggest improvements. We have conducted a qualitative case study as a method. To get different perspectives and an increased understanding of the phenomenon studied, we have interviewed six experts, one from each authority. Our theoretical framework consists of research addressed the importance of collaborations as well as forms and conditions of collaboration with particular focus on facilitators and barriers for inter-organizational collaboration. We also present an analysis model which was used as a starting point for our information needs. In the empirical part of the present study we present the authorities' role in the collaboration as well as the results of the interviews. Information about the reclaiming the profits from crime is also presented and it forms the basis for the empirical background and the empirical study. This, together with the theoretical framework, forms the basis for our discussion and conclusion. This study identifies important facilitators and barriers for the inter-organizational collaboration in the reclaiming of profits from crime. The factors such as commitment impacts the collaboration positively. Communication between the authorities constitutes a promotion factor while there are also obstacles in the communication. Other barriers in collaboration are confidentiality and lack of relevant follow-up tools. As the authorities work on different responsibilities, tasks and regulations, we conclude that the collaboration requires better governance that would support ongoing projects and contribute to better synchronization, coordination and integration of the work processes.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:34:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Edson Schrot da Silva.pdf: 3395602 bytes, checksum: ee5008fd67ccfdb0aa92101917b2e165 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-08-04 / Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie / This work consists of a systematic review of legislation regulating and structure the innovation theme, presenting the concept, characteristics, types, principles, scope, system adopted and how they are interpreted and applied by the various standards bodies that oversee this subject in the country. Deepening of the subject, it was observed that innovation transcends technological issue and reflects aspects involving the political and economic rights such as legal certainty, state intervention, economic domain, culture aspects and social values. Thus, when confronted with the concept of innovation to Article 17 of Law no 11.196/2005. This is not possible to study it without reflecting on legal certainty, the same is repeated when studying the Brazilian System of Innovation that relies on the principle of effectiveness of Article 37, caput, of the Constitution of the Federative Republic of Brazil of 1988 and the guiding principles of innovation, Articles 218 and 219 of the same legislative instrument, especially when compared with other countries, in the view of interventionist government actions and economic dominance the issue of industrial privileges and incentives. In the economic field there are questions about intervention, economic structuralism, economic dominance through innovation, industrial privileges and tax breaks are presented, which always supported by reviews of their subjects, whose perspective involves literature review, research with official sites, administrative and judicial decisions. / Este trabalho apresenta uma análise sistemática da estrutura e da legislação que regulamenta o tema inovação no país. Na pesquisa, denota-se que a inovação é um tema transversal e reflete questões políticas, jurídicas, econômicas e sociais como democracia, domínio econômico, intervenção estatal, segurança jurídica, tecnologia, cultura e valores sociais, sendo todos devidamente trabalhados de maneira aprofundada e entrelaçada nos capítulos do presente estudo. Ao se defrontar, por exemplo, com o conceito de inovação do artigo 17, da Lei no 11.196/2005, estuda-se a sua indeterminação, o que traz à baila reflexões pontuais e inéditas sobre sua segurança jurídica. Outrossim, quando se retrata os resultados atuais das políticas e estruturas adotadas no país para o assunto, exige-se um aprofundamento sociológico da cultura de inovação existente e do papel dos agentes da inovação como Governo, Universidades, Centros de Pesquisas, Empresas e Movimentos Sociais em sua disseminação. Também são retratados neste ponto, os artigos 218 e 219 da Constituição da República Federativa do Brasil de 1988; princípio da eficiência do artigo 37°, caput, do mesmo diploma normativo, com método comparativo com outros países; e, princípio democrático inspirando as políticas e decisões dos órgãos de inovação do país. No campo econômico são apresentadas questões sobre intervenção, estruturalismo econômico, domínio econômico pela inovação, privilégios industriais e incentivos fiscais, cuja ótica envolve revisão bibliográfica, consulta a sítios oficiais de pesquisa, decisões administrativas e judiciais inerentes.

The main aim of this study is to examine the interrelationship of finance and government intervention in explaining the rise of co-productions in the international film industry in the time period between 1997 and 2004. Mainstream economic geography literature presents the film industry typically as a case study for embeddedness and agglomeration effects, with successful industry clusters drawing their strength from process knowledge, networks and local interaction. However, there is an increasing disparity in the literature between what mainstream theory suggests, and what empirical studies find with respect to the importance of cluster-external relations and dynamics. This, as I will argue, is particularly evident when looking at the picture of the whole film industry production system that emerges from the literature, which fails to include the alternative and complimentary pattern of co-productions. Co-productions are collaborations between film producers from at least two different countries, pooling their resources across distance to produce a feature film project. In the past fifteen years, the number of films made as co-productions has risen continuously in Europe, with co-productions accounting for more than 30 per cent of European film production activity. As a mode of production based on temporary, cross-border collaboration that is supported in its coordination by temporary clusters, such as trade fairs and industry events, the coproduction phenomenon poses a conundrum to economic geography literature and challenges its explanatory framework. As I will argue, in order to arrive at a satisfactory understanding of the phenomenon, it is necessary to look beyond social factors associated with locality, and to examine instead dynamics impacting on the industrial organization of the whole production system. I will argue that in the context of the pervasive demand uncertainty characterizing the film industry, the analytical focus should be on financial dynamics, as production activity and its organizational form are ultimately dependent on finance as an enabling force. Based on a description of the film financing process as the primary process in which the relationship between the economic categories of financial and production capital are played out, I propose that in order to explain the growth of co-productions empirically, it is necessary to examine changes in the film financing environments of the increasingly interrelated European and US film industries. As the State is the most important provider of financial capital in the European film industry through the provision of public aid, the focus will lie in particular on the consequences of a paradigm change in the rationale of State intervention in Europe moving away from funding film for cultural reason, to supporting the industry on economic grounds since the mid 1990s. As will be shown, the most important consequence of this paradigm change has been the introduction of tax incentives to encourage investment into film in a number of European and international countries within a short period of time. As will be demonstrated, this has led to the formation of significant, locally confined capital pools that can dis-embed production; and to the emergence of a distinct capital cycle in international film financing, which has strongly impacted on the productive system of the film industry. Finally, a dynamic explanation for the growth of co-productions in Europe in the time period between 1997 and 2004 will be provided. I will argue that co-productions have firstly grown in order to overcome a lack of finance, but have in the context of a capital cycle based on tax incentives from Germany and the UK, increasingly become driven by the opposite dynamic, namely an abundance of financial capital seeking profitable investment opportunities. The study will conclude with a discussion of policy implications, a summary of contributions to the literature and a brief overview of future research opportunities.

Submitted by Claudio Jorge Pacheco de Oliveira (claudiojorge65@hotmail.com) on 2018-06-07T22:10:56Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Disco é cultura_Claudio Oliveira.pdf: 1371914 bytes, checksum: 60878d2d1aa17cfdaa257b36c827a61b (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Diego Andrade (diego.andrade@fgv.br) on 2018-06-11T11:36:33Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Disco é cultura_Claudio Oliveira.pdf: 1371914 bytes, checksum: 60878d2d1aa17cfdaa257b36c827a61b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-14T18:00:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Disco é cultura_Claudio Oliveira.pdf: 1371914 bytes, checksum: 60878d2d1aa17cfdaa257b36c827a61b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-05-08 / Este estudo tem por objetivo investigar a contribuição do artigo 2º da Lei Complementar nº 4, de 2 de dezembro de 1969, conhecida como “Lei disco é cultura”, para a expansão do mercado brasileiro de discos ocorrida na década de 1970. Consequência da política econômica de forte estímulo ao consumo do regime militar, a “Lei disco é cultura” autorizava as empresas produtoras de discos fonográficos a abater, do montante do Imposto sobre Circulação de Mercadorias (ICM), o valor dos direitos autorais artísticos e conexos, pagos aos autores e artistas brasileiros. A busca por investimentos estrangeiros era um aspecto fundamental do modelo econômico da ditadura. A expectativa era que a “maior eficiência” das empresas multinacionais contribuísse para um rápido crescimento. Essa política favoreceu a expansão das gravadoras estrangeiras, que tiveram seus interesses e demandas acolhidos pelo governo. / This study investigates the contribution of article 2 of Complementary Law nº 4, dated December 2, 1969, known as the “Album is Culture Law”, in the expansion of the Brazilian music market in the 1970s. An economic policy of strong stimulus to the consumption of the military regime, the “Album is Culture Law” authorizes record companies to write down, from the amount of the Merchandise Circulation Tax (ICM), the value of artistic copyrights and related, paid to Brazilian authors and artists. The search for foreign investment was a fundamental aspect of the economic model of the dictatorship. The “higher efficiency” of multinational companies was expected to contribute to rapid growth. This policy favored the expansion of foreign record companies, which had their interests and demands accepted by the government.

財政援助をコントロールする仕組みは、国によって様々であり、立法的な統制、行政的な統制又は司法的な統制等があるが、本稿では、特に、裁判所による財政支出の統制に焦点を当て、アメリカ合衆国、スペイン及びメキシコ合衆国について検討する。本稿においては、主として、アメリカ合衆国、スペイン及びメキシコ合衆国の裁判所が、私企業に対する財政支出をどのような場合において違憲又は違法とするのか、又はどのような場合において合憲又は適法とするのかということを検討し、これらの国々の裁判所がその結論に到達するために、どのような要件又は判断基準に基づいて、財政支出を統制するのかということについて考察する。 / The mechanisms for controlling fiscal assistance vary from one country to another. Legislative, executive and judicial controls can be mentioned as broad examples of these mechanisms. This research will focus on the judicial control of fiscal expenditure in the United States of America, Spain and Mexico. It primarily examines in which cases financial expenditure on the private sector is declared unconstitutional or illegal and in which situations it is declared constitutional or legal by the American, Spanish and Mexican judiciary. It will also focus on an investigation of the legal requirements for fiscal stimulus, as well as in the judging criteria developed and used by the court of those countries to reach to those conclusions. / 博士(法学) / Doctor of Laws / 同志社大学 / Doshisha University