Thesis (Ph. D.)--Indiana University of Pennsylvania. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Georgia State University, 2007. / Title from file title page. JoAnna F. White, committee chair; Gregory Brack, Catherine Brack, Catherine Chang, committee members. Electronic text (119 p.) : digital, PDF file. Description based on contents viewed July 11, 2008. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Florida State University, 2005. / Advisor: Dr. Ann K. Mullis, Florida State University, College of Human Sciences, Dept. of Family and Child Sciences. Title and description from dissertation home page (viewed Sept. 19, 2005). Document formatted into pages; contains x, 111 pages. Includes bibliographical references.

<p>Detta arbete handlar om lärares arbetssituation och hur den har förändrats efter Lpo94. Arbetet handlar också om betyg och hur dessa har förändrats genom århundradena. Det har även kommit att handla om hur lärare går till väga för att hjälpa de elever som inte klarar godkänd gränsen i kärnämnena. </p><p>Resultatet av litteraturstudier och en intervjuundersökning visar på en näst intill enig lärarkår. Lärarna är positivt inställda till det nya betygssystemet men skulle vilja ha fler steg i betygsskalan. Lärarna upplever att en ökad arbetsbelastning ligger i att få alla elever godkända. Lärare och elever kan ibland känna stor frustration, när de tillsammans kämpar för ett godkänt resultat.</p>

Detta arbete handlar om lärares arbetssituation och hur den har förändrats efter Lpo94. Arbetet handlar också om betyg och hur dessa har förändrats genom århundradena. Det har även kommit att handla om hur lärare går till väga för att hjälpa de elever som inte klarar godkänd gränsen i kärnämnena. Resultatet av litteraturstudier och en intervjuundersökning visar på en näst intill enig lärarkår. Lärarna är positivt inställda till det nya betygssystemet men skulle vilja ha fler steg i betygsskalan. Lärarna upplever att en ökad arbetsbelastning ligger i att få alla elever godkända. Lärare och elever kan ibland känna stor frustration, när de tillsammans kämpar för ett godkänt resultat.

The purpose of this paper is to shed light on how much work and time teachers must spend conducting the national tests in the Swedish subject for grade nine. The aim is also to distinguish possible differences and similarities in the way teachers work and handle these tests. Finally, the essay illustrates how the teachers look at the relationship between the work they set out for the tests and what they ultimately get out of this work. To fulfil this objective, I collected seven teachers' answers on the subject via a large part qualitative survey. I have concluded that the teachers think the tests are good, provided they get enough working time to work with them. However, no teacher in this study is given enough time to properly work with and manage the national tests. This means that the whole process of the national tests results in something negative for the teachers (in this study).

A partir da análise de pesquisas sobre as propostas de ciclos e progressão continuada no Brasil, foi realizado um estudo de caso em uma escola da rede pública municipal de São Paulo ao longo do ano letivo de 2006. Segundo a revisão de estudos, a postura dos docentes se mostra um dos aspectos vitais para a implementação de medidas de não repetência em diferentes redes de ensino. Para os estudiosos, a discordância em relação aos ciclos, manifesta por grande parte dos professores, fez com que estes mantivessem práticas caracterizadas pelo regime seriado. Isso constituiria um complicador para a efetivação de propostas que visam essencialmente a flexibilização dos tempos e espaços escolares, como forma de superar o fracasso escolar de alunos na rede pública. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo revelar a postura dos docentes a partir de suas práticas e das reflexões que fazem sobre seu trabalho, inserido num contexto de ciclos. O trabalho de campo realizou-se por meio de observação participante, análise documental e de entrevistas semi-estruturadas com sete professoras do primeiro ciclo do ensino fundamental. A pesquisa aborda aspectos da prática docente como o planejamento curricular, a avaliação dos alunos, as relações de poder na escola, o trabalho coletivo, a formação docente e os projetos implementados na rede de ensino no ano da realização do trabalho de campo. Verificou-se que os docentes, a despeito de serem em geral contrários à proposta de ciclos, têm, ao longo dos anos, mudado a postura em relação aos alunos diante das novas realidades criadas pelos ciclos, reconstruindo suas práticas como forma de adaptar antigas concepções de ensino à estrutura que foi gerada. Essas mudanças partem da necessidade de atender os alunos com dificuldades de aprendizagem, incluídos no sistema de ensino a partir da implantação do regime de ciclos. A análise revela que as condições de trabalho não têm contemplado demandas importantes como a formação docente, a participação da comunidade escolar, a articulação do trabalho coletivo e a criação de instrumentos de apoio aos alunos nos diferentes anos do ensino fundamental. / According to recent studies on the performance of learning cycles with age promotion in Brazil, the present research carried out a case study in a school of Sao Paulo municipal public system during the 2006 academic year. As it was found in those studies, teachers\' posture is one of the vital aspects for the implementation of non-repetition policies in different teaching systems. Researchers conclude that many teachers disagree with these changes and this makes them keep using practices associated with graded schools. This fact brings an obstacle for the complete implementation of proposals oriented to make time and space more flexible in schools, as a way to overcome the fail of public systems. This research aimed to reveal the teacher\'s posture through the observation of their practices and by the dialogue with teachers about their work on learning cycles.The field work included participant observation, documental analysis and performance of semi-structured interviews with seven teachers of ensino fundamental I (elementary level). The research deals with important aspects of teaching practice as curricular planning, students assessment, power relations in school, collective work, teachers\' education and the projects implemented by the municipal system on 2006, which benefited part of the students of elementary level. It was verified that, in spite of refusing official learning cycles proposal, teachers have reconstructed practices as a way to adapt old teaching concepts to the new created structure. These changes intended to provide teacher with tools for dealing with students on difficulty which have being included in school by the implementation of learning cycles. The analysis reveals that the teachers\' working conditions do not satisfy important demands as teachers\' education, school community participation, articulation of collective work and the creation of supportive tools for the students in the elementary level.

A partir da análise de pesquisas sobre as propostas de ciclos e progressão continuada no Brasil, foi realizado um estudo de caso em uma escola da rede pública municipal de São Paulo ao longo do ano letivo de 2006. Segundo a revisão de estudos, a postura dos docentes se mostra um dos aspectos vitais para a implementação de medidas de não repetência em diferentes redes de ensino. Para os estudiosos, a discordância em relação aos ciclos, manifesta por grande parte dos professores, fez com que estes mantivessem práticas caracterizadas pelo regime seriado. Isso constituiria um complicador para a efetivação de propostas que visam essencialmente a flexibilização dos tempos e espaços escolares, como forma de superar o fracasso escolar de alunos na rede pública. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo revelar a postura dos docentes a partir de suas práticas e das reflexões que fazem sobre seu trabalho, inserido num contexto de ciclos. O trabalho de campo realizou-se por meio de observação participante, análise documental e de entrevistas semi-estruturadas com sete professoras do primeiro ciclo do ensino fundamental. A pesquisa aborda aspectos da prática docente como o planejamento curricular, a avaliação dos alunos, as relações de poder na escola, o trabalho coletivo, a formação docente e os projetos implementados na rede de ensino no ano da realização do trabalho de campo. Verificou-se que os docentes, a despeito de serem em geral contrários à proposta de ciclos, têm, ao longo dos anos, mudado a postura em relação aos alunos diante das novas realidades criadas pelos ciclos, reconstruindo suas práticas como forma de adaptar antigas concepções de ensino à estrutura que foi gerada. Essas mudanças partem da necessidade de atender os alunos com dificuldades de aprendizagem, incluídos no sistema de ensino a partir da implantação do regime de ciclos. A análise revela que as condições de trabalho não têm contemplado demandas importantes como a formação docente, a participação da comunidade escolar, a articulação do trabalho coletivo e a criação de instrumentos de apoio aos alunos nos diferentes anos do ensino fundamental. / According to recent studies on the performance of learning cycles with age promotion in Brazil, the present research carried out a case study in a school of Sao Paulo municipal public system during the 2006 academic year. As it was found in those studies, teachers\' posture is one of the vital aspects for the implementation of non-repetition policies in different teaching systems. Researchers conclude that many teachers disagree with these changes and this makes them keep using practices associated with graded schools. This fact brings an obstacle for the complete implementation of proposals oriented to make time and space more flexible in schools, as a way to overcome the fail of public systems. This research aimed to reveal the teacher\'s posture through the observation of their practices and by the dialogue with teachers about their work on learning cycles.The field work included participant observation, documental analysis and performance of semi-structured interviews with seven teachers of ensino fundamental I (elementary level). The research deals with important aspects of teaching practice as curricular planning, students assessment, power relations in school, collective work, teachers\' education and the projects implemented by the municipal system on 2006, which benefited part of the students of elementary level. It was verified that, in spite of refusing official learning cycles proposal, teachers have reconstructed practices as a way to adapt old teaching concepts to the new created structure. These changes intended to provide teacher with tools for dealing with students on difficulty which have being included in school by the implementation of learning cycles. The analysis reveals that the teachers\' working conditions do not satisfy important demands as teachers\' education, school community participation, articulation of collective work and the creation of supportive tools for the students in the elementary level.

Studiens syfte är att ta reda på hur lärare i grundskolan tänker och arbetar med hjälp av olika metoder och arbetssätt för att motivera elever till att läsa. I studien genomfördes kvalitativa undersökningar i form av intervjuer med hög nivå av standardisering. Åtta legitimerade lärare deltog i undersökningarna. Intervjuerna genomfördes på plats med lärarna och dokumenterades med lämplig teknik. Genom den kvalitativa undersökningen har kunskapen kring syftet stärkts då informanterna framfört hur de arbetar med olika arbetssätt och metoder.  Sammanfattning av resultatet är att majoriteten av lärarna använder sig att det sociokulturella perspektivet i undervisningen, eleverna lär av läraren och eleverna lär av varandra. Lärarna har en gemensam syn på att ansvaret ligger hos skolan att lära eleven att läsa samt motivera den till att läsa. Högläsning och textsamtal är två metoder som lärarna i studien använder sig mest av och de är överens om att dessa två metoder har stor betydelse för att motivera eleverna till att läsa i de yngre åren. I resultatet framkom det även att lärarna arbetade med olika uppgifter om och kring läsningen för att motivera eleverna. Samtliga lärare påpekade att för att kunna motivera eleverna till läsning så måste eleverna omges av böcker. Biblioteket och bibliotekarier var därför något som lärarna gemensamt tyckte var grunden för att kunna motivera eleverna till att läsa. / The purpose of the study is to find out how teachers in primary school think and work using different methods and working methods to motivate students to read. In the study, qualitative investigations were carried out in the form of interviews with a high level of standardization. Eight licensed teachers participated in the interviews. The interviews were conducted on site with the teachers and documented using appropriate technology. Through the qualitative investigation, knowledge about the purpose has been strengthened as the informants presented how they work with different working methods and methods.  The summary of the results is that the majority of teachers use the sociocultural perspective in teaching, the students learn from the teacher and the students learn from each other. The teachers have a common view that the responsibility is on the school to teach the student to read and to motivate them to read. Reading aloud and text conversation are two methods that the teachers in the study use the most, and they agree that these two methods have a big importance in motivating students to read in the younger years. The results also revealed that the teachers worked with various tasks about and around reading to motivate the students. All the teachers pointed out that in order to motivate the students, they must be surrounded by books. The library and librarians were therefore something that the teachers jointly thought was the basis for being able to motivate the students to read.

L’abandon de la carrière chez les enseignants, généralement appelé l’attrition des enseignants dans les écrits scientifiques, a été l’objet de nombreuses études. La connaissance en est assez avancée dans certaines régions du monde, mais très peu de recherches ont étudié cette problématique au Québec. Ainsi, l’objectif principal de ce travail de recherche était d’identifier les facteurs de l’attrition des enseignants au Québec. L’objectif spécifique de cette recherche était d’observer comment ces facteurs influencent la perception des individus et amènent certains d’entre eux à prendre la décision de quitter. Dans le cadre de cette étude qualitative, 26 individus (16 femmes et 10 hommes) ayant récemment quitté l’enseignement ont été rencontrés. Dix participants ont exercé la profession enseignante au niveau primaire et 16 au niveau secondaire. Afin de recueillir les données, le chercheur a procédé à des entrevues de groupe semi-dirigées d’une durée de deux heures. Les résultats de cette étude indiquent que les facteurs qui influencent l’attrition des enseignants au Québec sont nombreux et variés. Ils sont surtout relatifs aux conditions d’exercice de la profession et les plus souvent mentionnés sont les difficultés liées à la gestion de classe, la précarité du travail, les difficultés dans les relations avec les collègues, la charge de travail et le peu de soutien offert par la direction. Le contexte social et la faible valorisation de la profession enseignante ont aussi été mentionnés. Par ailleurs, le chercheur a analysé la perception qu’avaient les participants de leur expérience de travail à l’aide de la théorie de l’autodétermination (Deci et Ryan, 2000). Les résultats de cette analyse suggèrent que les participants ne se sentaient pas en mesure de satisfaire leurs besoins psychologiques fondamentaux dans le cadre du travail enseignant. / Teachers’ attrition has been the subject of a large number of research in recent years. Researchers have extended the knowledge of this problem in many countries, however very few of them have studied the particularities of teachers’ attrition in Québec. The aim of this research was to identify the factors that seem to influence teachers’ attrition in Québec. More specifically, the present study aimed to observe how these factors seem to affect teachers’ perceptions of their working experience and lead some of them to quit teaching. This qualitative study examines the teaching experience of 26 individuals (16 females and 10 males) who have recently quit teaching. Ten of them taught elementary school and 16 taught at the high school level. Subjects were invited to partake in a two hour long focus group. The results show that the factors of attrition in Québec are numerous and varied. Most of them are relative to teachers’ working conditions, mostly classroom management difficulties, job insecurity, problematic relationships with colleagues, work overload and lack of support from the school principal. Unsupportive social context and lack of acknowledgement were also mentioned. Subjects’ perceptions toward their teaching experience were also analyzed using self-determination theory (Deci & Ryan, 2000). Results suggest that the subjects’ basic psychological needs where not satisfied through their teaching experience.