Chemical representations play a vital part in the teaching and learning of chemistry. The aim of this research was to investigate students’ understanding of chemical representations and to ascertain the influence of chemical representations on students’ developing mental models of chemical phenomena. Three primary threads flowing through the thesis are models, representations and learning. Each thread was found to play a vital part in students’ learning of chemical content, in their learning of the scientific process and in their learning about the process of learning itself. This research with students from Year 8 to first year university level comprised four studies that provide comparisons between ages, abilities, learning settings and teaching and learning approaches. Students’ modelling ability was observed to develop and improve through instruction and practice and usually coincided with an improvement in their understanding of chemical concepts. While students were observed to actively use models to make predictions and test ideas, some were not aware of the predictive nature of models when asked about it. From the research, five characteristics of scientific models have been identified: scientific models as multiple representations, scientific models as exact replicas, scientific models as explanatory tools, how scientific models are used, and the dynamic nature of scientific models. A theoretical framework relating the four types of models - teaching, scientific, mental and expressed - and a typology of models that highlights the significant attributes of models, support the research results. The data showed that students’ ability to describe the role of the scientific model in the process of science improved with their increasing age and maturity. / The relationship between the three levels of chemical representation of matter - the macroscopic level, the sub-microscopic level and the symbolic level - revealed some complexities concerning the representational and theoretical qualities and the reality of each level. The research data showed that generally most students had a good understanding of the macroscopic and symbolic levels of chemical representation of matter. However, students’ understanding of the sub-microscopic level varied, with some students being able to spontaneously envisage the sub- microscopic view while for others their understanding of the sub-microscopic level of chemical representation was lacking. To make sense of the sub-microscopic level, students’ appreciation of the accuracy and detail of any scientific model, or representation upon which their mental model is built, depended on them being able to distinguish reality from representation, distinguish reality from theory, know what a representation is, understand the role of a representation in the process of science, and understand the role of a theory in the process of science. In considering learning, the importance of an individual’s modelling ability was examined alongside the role of chemical representations and models in providing clear and concise explanations. Examining the links forged between the three levels of chemical representation of matter provided an insight into how students were learning and understanding chemical concepts. Throughout this research, aspects of students’ metacognition and intention were identified as being closely related to their development of mental models. / The research identified numerous factors that influenced learning, including internal factors such as students’ prior chemical and mathematical knowledge, their modelling ability and use of chemical representations, motivation, metacognitive ability and time management as well as external factors such as organisation, assessment, teaching resources, getting feedback and good explanations. The choice of learning strategies by students and instructors appeared to be influenced by those factors that influenced learning. Feedback to students, in the form of discussion with classmates, online quizzes and help from instructors on their understanding was observed to be significant in promoting the learning process. Many first year university non-major chemistry students had difficulties understanding chemical concepts due to a limited background knowledge in chemistry and mathematics. Accordingly, greater emphasis at the macroscopic level of representation of matter with contextual references is recommended. The research results confirmed the theoretical construct for learning chemistry - the rising iceberg - that suggests all chemistry teaching begins at the macroscopic level, with the sub-microscopic and symbolic levels being introduced as needed. More of the iceberg becomes visible as the students’ mental model and depth of understanding increases. In a variety of situations, the changing status of a concept was observed as students’ understanding in terms of the intelligibility, plausibility and fruitfulness of a concept developed. / The research data supported four aspects of learning - epistemological, ontological, social affective and metacognitive - as being significant in the students’ learning and the development of their mental models. Many university students, who are mature and are experienced learners, exhibited strong rnetacognitive awareness and an intentional approach to learning. It is proposed that the intentional and metacognitive learning approaches and strategies could be used to encourage students to be more responsible for their own learning.

Submitted by MARCIA ROVADOSCHI (marciar@unifra.br) on 2018-08-20T17:18:13Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertacao_GesiGladisKrossinBecker.pdf: 1544455 bytes, checksum: f61e0c21dacb19bf7370a2175e844560 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-20T17:18:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertacao_GesiGladisKrossinBecker.pdf: 1544455 bytes, checksum: f61e0c21dacb19bf7370a2175e844560 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-04-28 / This research correlate the chemistry of the daily life of the students, with the subjects and contents of the discipline of Chemistry of the second year High School at Cruz Alta, RS. The concepts of electrochemistry including redox potential, batteries, which are among the most difficult in student learning. In this work, we investigated the impact of contextualization, the use of experimental demonstration and discussion of relevant aspects as ways of arousing students' interest and favoring the learning of concepts of the content in question. The relevance of problematizing the different models and pedagogical epistemologies in the teaching of science is justified, since the conceptions of the educator and his praxis, involved in the teaching-learning process, are closely related to the quality of teaching and, consequently increasing the degree of understanding of the students. Thus, the research problem is presented: what are the effects of the use of different pedagogical models for teaching the concepts of chemical equilibrium and redox powers in the student learning process? In order to answer it, the general objective is to analyze the effects of two pedagogical models of teaching and evaluation on the content related to the chemical equilibrium and redox processes in batteries, regarding significant learning of students. With regard to the specific objectives: to provide an educational space/ time motivated by exchanges of knowledge, respect for students' previous knowledge and instigating the construction of knowledge in chemistry, based on scientific experiments. Based on a constructivist pedagogy, to produce an educational space/ time dense quantitatively in information of a theoretical nature, starting only with expository classes and with the use of lists to solve problems, based on a traditional pedagogy and To carry out a comparative analysis, with a qualitative and quantitative approach, in order to verify and understand the results, in students' learning, from the application of the different teaching models. The methodologies used as well as the methodological procedures characterize a qualitative and quantitative approach of the type of case study with the application of theoretical/ formal/ traditional evaluation and the resolution of a practical problem culminating in the elaboration by the students of a concrete and conceptual product about the subject. Data analysis was carried out comparatively between different teaching models, namely the traditional and the proposed in this work. All students said they liked the method and wanted to continue learning according to the same method in their school. / A realização desta pesquisa advém da proposta de correlacionar a Química do cotidiano, vivenciada no dia-a-dia pelos educandos, com os temas e conteúdos da disciplina de Química do segundo ano Ensino Médio de uma escola de Cruz Alta, RS e os conhecimentos acerca dos conceitos da eletroquímica, bem como seus tópicos de potencial redox, pilhas e baterias, que estão dentre os de maior dificuldades na aprendizagem pelos estudantes. Neste trabalho, foi investigado o impacto da contextualização, uso de demonstração experimental e discussão de aspectos relevantes como formas de despertar o interesse dos estudantes e favorecer a aprendizagem de conceitos do conteúdo em questão. Justifica-se a relevância de problematizar os diferentes modelos e epistemologias pedagógicas articulando-os ao ensino de ciências, uma vez que as concepções do educador e sua práxis, envolvidas no processo de ensino-aprendizagem, estão intimamente relacionadas a qualidade do ensino e, consequentemente, elevando o grau de entendimento dos estudantes. Assim, apresenta-se o problema de pesquisa: quais são os efeitos da utilização de diferentes modelos pedagógicos para o ensino dos conceitos de equilíbrio químico e de potencias redox no processo de aprendizagem dos estudantes? Com o propósito de respondê-lo compõe-se o objetivo geral: analisar quais são os efeitos de dois modelos pedagógicos de ensino e de avaliação, acerca do conteúdo referente aos temas equilíbrio químico e de processos redox em pilhas, no que tange a aprendizagem significativa dos estudantes. No que tange aos objetivos específicos: oportunizar um espaço/tempo educativo motivador permeado por trocas de saberes, respeito aos conhecimentos prévios dos estudantes e instigante no que concerne a construção do conhecimento em química, a partir de experimentos científicos, de cunho teórico-prático, pautando-se em uma pedagogia construtivista, produzir um espaço/tempo educativo denso quantitativamente em informações de cunho teórico, a partir, somente, de aulas expositivas e com a utilização de listas para a resolução de problemas, pautando-se em uma pedagogia tradicional e realizar uma análise comparativa, de abordagem qualitativa e quantitativa, a fim de verificar e compreender os resultados, na aprendizagem dos estudantes, oriundos da aplicação dos diferentes modelos de ensino. As metodologias utilizadas bem como os procedimentos metodológicos caracterizam uma abordagem qualitativa e quantitativa do tipo de estudo de caso com a aplicação de avaliação teórica/formal/ tradicional e pela resolução de um problema prático culminando na elaboração, pelos estudantes, de um produto concreto e conceitual sobre o tema. A análise dos dados realizou-se comparativamente entre diferentes modelos de ensino, a saber, o tradicional e o proposto neste trabalho. Todos os alunos disseram que gostaram do método e desejavam continuar a aprender de acordo com o mesmo método em sua escola.

Tvålärarsystem är ett arbetssätt som blir vanligare i svenska skolan. Det går ut på att två klass–eller ämneslärare delar på ansvaret för eleverna och dess tillhörande planering, undervisning och bedömning. Syftet med den här studien är att bidra med kunskap om hur tvålärarsystemet kan organiseras och genomföras i svensk kontext och hur arbetssättet ur ett lärarperspektiv påverkar undervisningen och möjligheter att möta elevernas behov. Det för att fylla den kunskapslucka som saknaden av svensk forskning kring tvålärarsystemet ger. I kapitlet tidigare forskning presenteras internationell forskning om tvålärarsystemet som kallas co-teaching. Då det saknas forskning om tvålärarsystemet i ett svenskt perspektiv kommer därför även beprövad dokumenterad erfarenhet om tvålärarsystem i Sverige att presenteras. Utifrån den tidigare forskningen framkommer två bärande begrepp ”kollegialt samarbete i klassrummet” samt ”gruppering”, dessa kommer ligga som ett teoretiskt raster över studien. I metodkapitlet beskrivs studiens tillvägagångssätt, beskrivning av informanterna, analysprocessen, etiska övervägande och en metoddiskussion. I resultatkapitlet presenteras informanternas beskrivning av undervisning och vilka konsekvenser det ger upphov till. Fokus ligger på vad den läraren som inte håller i undervisningen gör. I resultatet beskrivs även hur informanterna upplever att arbetssättet påverkar eleverna samt lärarnas möjlighet att möta elevernas behov. I diskussionsavsnittet förs resonemang kring resultatet i förhållande till den tidigare forskningen och de beprövade dokumenterade erfarenheter som presenterats i studien. Slutsatser utifrån studiens resultat är att lärarna är positivt inställda och upplever det lättare att möta elevernas behov, göra anpassningar och skapa en roligare och bättre undervisning. Det framkom att respondenterna saknar bevis för att tvålärarsystemet ökar elevernas måluppfyllelse men att alla har en känsla av att måluppfyllelsen ökar eftersom de känner att de kan möta fler elevers behov. En viktigt förutsättning för arbetssättet är att lärarnas samarbete fungerar. Ytterligare en viktig slutsats är att det behövs forskning om tvålärarsystemet ur ett svenskt perspektiv.

This thesis is focused upon chemistry as a school subject and students' interpretations and use of formally introduced teaching models. To explore students' developing repertoire of chemical models, a longitudinal interview study was undertaken spanning the first year of upper secondary school chemistry. Matter in its different states was selected as the target framework for this study. The results presented are derived from both generalisations of groups of students as well as a case study describing an individual learner's interpretation of formal content. The results obtained demonstrated that the formal teaching models provided to the students included in this study were not sufficient to afford them a coherent framework of matter in its different states or for chemical bonding. Instead, students' expressed models of matter and phase change were to a high degree dependent on electron movement (Paper I), anthropomorphism (Paper II) and, for one student, a mechanistic approach based on small particles and gravitation (Paper III). The results from this study place focus on the importance of learners' prior learning (previous experiences) and the need to develop a coherent framework of formal teaching models for the nature of matter and phase change.

The aim of this thesis was to investigate the relation between different kinds ofremedial teaching models, not specifically addressed to pupils with physicaldisabilities, in the Swedish school context, and to describe and analyze theobjectives related to each model. Research focus was held on professionaldescriptions of school related problems and arguments for different kind of models,but also on objectives formulated in Swedish school policy. As theoretical toolswere used discourse analysis and interpretive policy analysis. The concept ofalienation as it appears throughout Foucault’s work was also used to understand howdifferent knowledge fields as education, special education, psychology and medicinedivide themselves from each other. The study was based on the reading of schoolfiles for 19 pupils and some central school policy documents. The result implies thatSwedish school is, and seems to always have been differentiated, though legaldocuments proclaim the opposite. Further the thesis shows that especially social andpsychological dimensions of special school support is excluded from officialeducational policy in contrast to more medical ones, which in turn implies thatcertain remedial teaching models virtually are made invisible.

Syftet med min studie är att undersöka hur lärare i åk 1–3 beskriver att de arbetar för att utveckla elevernas läsförståelse. I denna kvantitativa studie har hundra lärare som undervisar i åk 1–3 runt om i Sverige fått svara på en webbenkät. För kunna besvara mina frågeställningar har jag även tagit del av tidigare forskning och litteratur som behandlar ämnet. Studien innehåller därmed en genomgång av några undervisningsmodeller för läsförståelse, lärarrollens betydelse samt en sammanfattning om den senaste PIRLS-rapporten från 2016 och den nationella komptenssatsningen Läslyftet. Det framkommer i resultatet att lärarna tycks luta sig mot kända undervisningsmodeller inom läsförståelse, dels som stöd i hur undervisningen ska gå till och dels vad den ska innehålla. En undervisningsmodell innehåller ett antal läsförståelsestrategier som eleverna ska kunna använda vid läsning. Det är vanligt att läraren modellerar läsförståelsestrategier för sina elever. Samtidigt visar resultatet att det också finns andra aktiviteter i undervisningen som läraren använder sig för att stimulera läsutvecklingen t.ex. högläsning. Lärarna anser att det är viktigt att börja med läsförståelseundervisning redan i årskurs 1. Målet är att lyckas att få elever som läser med god förståelse. / The purpose of this study is to examine how teachers in the 1st –3rd grade describe how they teach to develop the students’ reading comprehension. In this quantitative study one hundred teachers working in the 1st – 3rd grade have answered a web survey. To be able to answer my initial questions in the study I have been taking part of research done and literature in the subject. The study contains a review of some teaching models for reading comprehension and the significance of the teacher, together with a review of the latest PIRLS report from 2016 and the national competence campaign “Läslyftet”. The result shows that the teachers seem to lean on known teaching models within reading comprehension, partly as a support in the teaching practice and partly as a support of the teaching content. A teaching model contains a number of reading comprehension strategies which the students shall be able to use when reading. It is common that the teacher is modelling reading comprehension strategies for the students. The result also shows that the teachers use other teaching activities to stimulate the reading development, i.e. reading aloud. The teachers think that it is important to start the reading comprehension education as early as in the 1st grade. The goal is to make the students read with good comprehension.

I denna systematiska litteraturstudie presenteras och analyseras tidigare forskning kring boksamtalet och det kooperativa lärandet. Syftet med studien är att undersöka dessa undervisningsmodeller utifrån tidigare forskning, för att sedan sätta dem i relation till varandra. Studiens frågeställningar är kopplade till kooperativt lärande och boksamtal som två undervisningsmodeller samt hur de kan påverka elevernas lärande. Till grund för studien ligger 17 vetenskapliga publikationer och avhandlingar. Resultatet visar att samtalet är en viktig del för att utveckla elevernas kunskaper och sociala färdigheter. Det framgår att när lärandet sker i strukturerade sociala sammanhang kan eleverna tillsammans utveckla sina tankar och idéer. Detta sker med hjälp av läraren som ger tydliga ramar för arbetet samt stöttar eleverna för att främja djupare diskussioner. Studiens resultat visar att läraren har en komplex roll i båda dessa sammanhang, där de många gånger kan känna sig osäkra i hur de på bästa sätt ska agera för att utveckla elevernas lärande. Därför menar forskningen att elevers lärande gynnas när de får “mötas i mitten”, det vill säga att genom social interaktion utveckla kunskap tillsammans.

Submitted by (lucia.rodrigues@ufrpe.br) on 2016-11-23T14:58:35Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Robson Oliveira Queiroz.pdf: 1091558 bytes, checksum: b90982c61fbca2c45d859e0b6369dc89 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-11-23T14:58:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Robson Oliveira Queiroz.pdf: 1091558 bytes, checksum: b90982c61fbca2c45d859e0b6369dc89 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-05-28 / This research was carried out in order to examine how a group of three chemistry teachers of a federal educational institution experienced in the classroom at work a rather abstract content called the stereoisomerism or isomerism (3D), a term used in the research, aiming to contribute to the formation of this teachers class. This content involves geometrical isomerism and optical isomerism. This analysis involved the determination of educational models through the use of analogies used by teachers and the determination of knowledge mobilized by them during their classes or at least the knowledge that should be mobilized. Theteachers have given two lessons each on the isomerism (3D). These lessons were observed and shooted by a third agent and then the speeches of teachers were transcribed, and some observations were made about their ways of doing things in the classroom and the way theyexplained the contents. Preliminary analysis of the transcribed speech was carried out by an association between the steps taken by teachers in their classes using analogies and a rational use of methodology of analogies, the TWA (Teaching With Analogies). After an initial analysis of the teachers’ speeches a supplementary questionnaire was drawn up so that the teachers could answer itbased on these lines in the classroom and aiming to bring relations between the knowledge mobilized by teachers and analog models used in classes on the isomerism (3D). The results showed, in general, that teachers have used three types of analog models for their explanation of the isomerism (3D), concrete, operational and the model with multiple analogies. The teachers have used such models without rigor spontaneously and they have used analogies without worrying about the students' prior knowledge, for example, if they know the difference between the analogy used and the subject of the lesson. It was determined also that knowledge of the content, according to Shulman, presented by teachers is very significant; however, the curriculum knowledge and teaching are at lower levels than one would expect for such teachers who are experienced. Finally, we found some shortcomings regarding the training of these teachers, through the fault pointing the pedagogical reasoning that should have developed over the years, according to Shulman, as some steps you should follow and which relate to assessment during the process of reflection and teaching to resume the process, present in the pedagogical reasoning. / Esta pesquisa foi realizada com o objetivo de analisar o modo como um grupo de três professores de Química de uma instituição federal de ensino vivencia em sala de aula, em ação, portanto, um conteúdo de caráter bastante abstrato, denominado de estereoisomeria ou isomeria (3D), termo utilizado na pesquisa, objetivando-se contribuir para a formação dessa classe de professores. Esse conteúdo envolve a isomeria geométrica e a isomeria ótica. A análise envolveu a determinação dos modelos de ensino através da utilização de analogias, usada pelos professores, e a determinação dos saberes mobilizados por esses durante suas aulas ou, pelo menos, os saberes que deveriam ser mobilizados. Os professores ministraram duas aulas, cada um, sobre a isomeria (3D). Essas aulas foram observadas através da filmagem por um agente terceiro e depois foram transcritas as falas dos professores. Além disso, foram realizadas algumas observações sobre o modo de atuação dos professores em sala, bem como de suas explicações sobre o conteúdo. A análise preliminar das falas transcritas foi realizada fazendo uma associação entre os passos dados pelos professores em suas aulas, utilizando as analogias, e uma metodologia de uso racional das analogias, a TWA (Teaching With Analogies). Após uma primeira análise das falas dos professores, elaborou-se um questionário complementar para que os professores respondessem, baseando-se nessas falas em sala de aula e objetivando trazer as relações entre os saberes mobilizados pelos professores e os modelos analógicos utilizados nas aulas sobre a isomeria (3D). Os resultados indicaram, em linhas gerais, que os professores fazem uso de três tipos de modelos analógicos para suas explicações sobre a isomeria (3D): o concreto, o operacional e o modelo com múltiplas analogias. Os dados também mostram que os professores utilizam tais modelos desprovidos de rigor, de uma forma espontânea e que fazem uso das analogias sem se preocupar com o conhecimento prévio dos alunos, ou seja, se os estudantes sabem diferenciar a analogia que foi feita pelo professor do assunto alvo. Determinou-se também que o saber do conteúdo, segundo Shulman, apresentado pelos professores é bastante expressivo, todavia, os saberes do currículo e pedagógico estão aquém do que se esperaria para tais professores, que são experientes. Por fim, foram encontradas algumas deficiências com relação à formação desses professores, através do registro de problemas no raciocínio pedagógico. Esse procedimento pedagógico deveria ter sido desenvolvido ao longo dos anos, conforme Shulman, com alguns passos que deveriam ser seguidos. Esses passos estão relacionados à avaliação durante o processo de ensino e também à reflexão para retomar o processo, presentes no raciocínio pedagógico.

This diploma thesis deals with geometrical surfaces and their engineering aplications. The teoretic parts are focused on the definitions of basic concepts and mathematical descriptions of curves, surfaces and trans- formations. Further, the classification of geometrical surfaces is described as well as examples of their usage in technical practice with deep focus on screws, tools, gears and other parts of machines. The last part describes cre- ation process of four models for education. We used 3D printing technology and 3D modeling in Rhinoceros 3D software for the production of these mo- dels. Source codes and files with the 3D models can be found in electronic attachment. The thesis also includes photographic attachment with pictures of created models. 1

本研究主要為探討不同背景變項之台灣地區北、中、南之公私立大學學生對大學教師優質教學內涵及大學教師優質教學模式之看法，除作現況分析及差異比較外，並依據大學學生所填答之課程學群的分類，找出適合該課程學群之優質教學模式。 研究中除蒐集、整理、閱讀相關文獻外，並依據文獻資料編製「大學教師優質教學內涵現況之調查問卷」及「大學教師優質教學模式現況之調查問卷」，對台灣地區北、中、南各公私立大學實施調查研究，總共回收824份有效樣本，而後根據資料分別進行描述分析、t考驗、變異數分析、積差相關分析、多元逐步迴歸分析等統計分析後有以下幾項發現： 一、大學教師優質教學內涵中，以「大學教師教學之師生互動」得分最高，以「大學教師教學之準備活動」得分最低。 二、大學教師優質教學模式中，以「講述教學模式」得分最高，以「協同教學模式」得分最低。 三、 大學學生不同背景變項在大學教師優質教學內涵上之差異 1. 女學生在大學教師優質教學內涵上之得分，顯著高於男學生之得分。 2. 第一類科系學群（文法傳播）學生及第五類科系學群（教育）學生在大學教師優質教學內涵之得分，顯著高於第三類科系學群（理工）學生及第四類科系學群（農醫）學生的得分。 3. 大學二年級學生及大學四年級學生在大學教師優質教學內涵之得分，顯著高於大學一年級學生的得分。 4. 修習第一類課程學群（文法傳播）學生及第五類課程學群（教育）學生在大學教師優質教學內涵上之得分，顯著高於修習第三類課程學群（理工）學生及第四類課程學群（農醫）學生的得分。 5. 課程性質在大學教師優質教學內涵上之得分，沒有顯著差異。 6. 其他課程（如通識）及外系課程在大學教師優質教學內涵上之得分，顯著高於本系課程及共同科目的得分。 7. 選修課程在大學教師優質教學內涵上的得分，顯著高於必修課程的得分。 8. 晚上時段課程在大學教師優質教學內涵上的得分，顯著高於下午、上午時段課程的得分。 四、 大學學生不同背景變項在大學教師優質教學模式上之差異 1. 女學生在「討論教學模式」、「講述教學模式」、「個案教學模式」、「角色扮演模式」、「探究教學模式」此五種教學模式之得分，皆顯著高於男學生的得分。 2. 第五類科系學群（教育）及第一類科系學群（文法傳播）在「討論教學模式」、「講述教學模式」、「個案教學模式」、「踏查教學模式」、「角色扮演模式」、「合作學習模式」、「探究教學模式」的得分，均顯著高於第三類科系學群（理工）及第四類科系學群（農醫）的得分。 3. 二年級及四年級大學學生在「討論教學模式」、「講述教學模式」、「個案教學模式」、「探究教學模式」四種模式中之得分，顯著高於一年級學生之得分。 4. 第五類課程學群（教育）及第一類課程學群（文法傳播）在「討論教學模式」、「講述教學模式」、「個案教學模式」、「踏查教學模式」、「角色扮演模式」、「合作學習模式」、「探究教學模式」的得分，均顯著高於第三類課程學群（理工）及第四類課程學群（農醫）的得分。 5. 偏實務課程在「討論教學模式」、「個案教學模式」、「踏查教學模式」、「角色扮演模式」、「協同教學模式」、「合作學習模式」、「探究教學模式」中的得分，皆顯著高於偏理論課程的得分。 6. 其他課程（如通識）在「討論教學模式」中得分較高;外系課程在「講述教學模式」中得分較高;本系課程在「踏查教學模式」、「協同教學模式」中得分較高。 7. 選修課程在「講述教學模式」、「合作學習模式」、「探究教學模式」中的得分，顯著高於必修課程及旁聽課程。 8. 晚上時段課程在「討論教學模式」、「講述教學模式」、「個案教學模式」、「協同教學模式」之得分，皆顯著高於下午時段課程及上午時段課程。 五、整體大學教師教學內涵與大學教師優質教學模式有低度至中度正相關。 六、「講述教學模式」為五大類課程學群所共有最能預測大學教師優質教學內涵之教學模式。 最後，本研究依據上述研究結果，形成結論並提出建議，以供教育行政機關、學校單位、大學教師、大學學生及未來相關研究之參考。 / The main purpose of this study is to investigate the viewpoints of various university students background for the effective teaching contents and effective teaching models of university teachers in Taiwan. In addition to understanding the current situation and difference, the study also based on the classification of curriculum to find out the suitable effective teaching models. According to the literature review, the study forms a self-made questionnaire in the topic of “ The questionnaire for current effective teaching contents of university teachers ” and “ The questionnaire for current effective teaching models of university teachers ”.The questionnaire are sent to all the samples ( including the public and private universities in Taiwan ) and 824 surveys that returned from the samples are identified to be valid. The conclusion is through statistic analysis of research sources, including description analysis, t-test, one-way ANOVA, correlation analysis, and stepwise multiple regression analysis. The main finding of the study are as follows : 1. The point of “ the interaction between teacher and students in class ” is highest, whereas the point of “ the preparation of the teaching in class ” is lowest in “ The questionnaire for current effective teaching contents of university teachers ”. 2. The point of “ The lecture teaching model ” is highest, whereas the point of “ The collaboration teaching model ” is lowest in “ The questionnaire for current effective teaching models of university teachers ”. 3. The difference of university students’ various background in “ The questionnaire for current effective teaching contents of university teachers ” are as follows : (1) The point of female university students is significantly higher than that of male university students. (2) The points of the university students studying in the first classification of department ( Liberal Arts, Law and Communication ) and the fifth classification of department ( Education) are significantly higher than those of the university students studying in the third classification of department ( Science and Engineering ) and the fourth classification of department ( Agriculture and Medicine). (3) The points of the second grade students and the fourth grade students are significantly higher than those of the first grade students. (4) The points of the university students studying in the first classification of curriculum ( Liberal Arts, Law and Communication ) and the fifth classification of curriculum ( Education) are significantly higher than those of the university students studying in the third classification of curriculum ( Science and Engineering ) and the fourth classification of curriculum ( Agriculture and Medicine). (5) The difference shown in the character of the curriculum is not significant. (6) The points of the other curriculum (liberal education) and the minor curriculum of one’s department are significantly higher than those of the major curriculum of one’s department and the common curriculum. (7) The point of the elective curriculum is significantly higher than that of the required curriculum. (8) The point of the curriculum after 6:00 p.m.is significantly higher than that of the curriculum in the morning and afternoon. 4. The difference of university students’ various background in “ The questionnaire for current effective teaching models of university teachers ” are as follows : (1) The point of female university students in “ The discussion teaching model ”、 “ The lecture teaching model ”、“ The case-study teaching model ”、“ The role-playing teaching model ”、 “ The inquiry teaching model ” is significantly higher than that of male university students. (2) The points of the university students studying in the fifth classification of department (Education) and the first classification of department ( Liberal Arts, Law and Communication) in “ The discussion teaching model ”、“ The lecture teaching model ”、“ The case-study teaching model ”、“ The field-study teaching model ”、“ The role-playing teaching model ”、“ The cooperative learning model ”、“The inquiry teaching model ” are significantly higher than those of the university students studying in the third classification of department ( Science and Engineering ) and the fourth classification of department ( Agriculture and Medicine). (3) The points of the second grade students and the fourth grade students in “ The discussion teaching model ”、“ The lecture teaching model ”、“ The case-study teaching model ”、“ The inquiry teaching model ” are significantly higher than those of the first grade students. (4) The points of the university students studying in the fifth classification of curriculum (Education) and the first classification of curriculum (Liberal Arts, Law and Communication) in “ The discussion teaching model ”、“ The lecture teaching model ”、 “ The case-study teaching model ”、“ The field-study teaching model ”、“ The role-playing teaching model ”、“ The cooperative learning model ”、“ The inquiry teaching model ” are significantly higher than those of the university students studying in the third classification of curriculum ( Science and Engineering ) and the fourth classification of curriculum ( Agriculture and Medicine). (5) The point of the practical curriculum in “ The discussion teaching model ”、“ The case-study teaching model ”、“ The field-study teaching model ”、“ The role-playing teaching model ”、“ The collaborative teaching model ”、“ The cooperative learning model ”、“ The inquiry teaching model ” is significantly higher than that of the theoretical curriculum. (6) The point of the other curriculum ( liberal education ) in “ The discussion teaching model ” is higher than others ; the point of the minor curriculum of one’s department in “ The lecture teaching model ” is higher than others , and the point of the major curriculum of one’s department in “ The field-study teaching model ” and “ The collaborative teaching model ” is higher than others. (7) The point of the elective curriculum in “ The lecture teaching model ”、“ The cooperative learning model ”、“ The inquiry teaching model ” is significantly higher than that of the required curriculum and the non-credit earning curriculum. (8) The point of the curriculum after 6:00 p.m. in “ The discussion teaching model ”、 “ The lecture teaching model ”、“ The case-study teaching model ”、“The collaborative teaching model ” is significantly higher than that of the curriculum in the morning and afternoon. 5. The positive correlation between “ The questionnaire for current effective teaching contents of university teachers ” and “ The questionnaire for current effective teaching models of university teachers ” is from low to middle. 6. “ The lecture teaching model ” is the most common and the prediction of the five classification of curriculum is highest . Eventually, the study draw a conclusion from the overcome of the study and provide further suggestion for the reference of educational administration department, university administrational units, university teachers, university students and further study.