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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
51

Peties sąnario mobilizacijos ir pratimų efektyvumas gydant peties sąnario sukamosios manžetės plyšimus / The effectiveness of shoulder joint mobilization and exercises in curing rotator cuff tears

Kisieliūtė, Eglė 10 September 2013 (has links)
Tyrimo objektas: Peties sąnario judesių amplitudės, raumenų jėgos, skausmo ir funkcinio pajėgumo pokyčiai taikant pratimus ir peties sąnario mobilizaciją po peties sąnario sukamosios manžetės plyšimo operacijos. Temos aktualumas. Peties sąnario sukamosios manžetės plyšimai dažnai lemia peties sąnario skausmus ir įvairaus pobūdžio negalią vyresniame amžiuje (Khair & Gulotta, 2011). Šią traumą patiria apie 25,0 proc. vyresnių nei 60 m žmonių ir apie 20,0 proc. vyresnių nei 20 m žmonių (Itoj, 2013). Lietuvoje yra atlikta nedaug tyrimų apie peties sąnario sukamosios manžetės plyšimus. Užsienio autoriai daugiau tyrinėja peties sąnario mobilizacijos ir pasyvių techninkų efektyvumą sergant peties ankšumo sindromu, artritu, artroze ir kitomis ligomis. Ypač trūksta informacijos apie gydymą, kuris leistų pacientams išvengti operacijos. Daugelis autorių nurodo, jog reikalingi išsamesni tyrimai šioje srityje. Tyrimo tikslas: įvertinti peties sąnario mobilizacijos ir pratimų efektyvumą gydant peties sąnario sukamosios manžetės plyšimus. Tyrimo uždaviniai: 1. Įvertinti pacientų po sukamosios manžetės plyšimo operacijos paties sąnario judesių amplitudę, raumenų jėgą, skausmą ir funkcinį pajėgumą prieš kineziterapiją. 2. Įvertinti peties sąnario mobilizacijos ir gydomųjų pratimų poveikį pacientų peties sąnario judesių amplitudei, raumenų jėgai, skausmui ir funkciniam pajėgumui po sukamosios manžetės plyšimo operacijos. 3. Įvertinti pacientų po sukamosios manžetės plyšimo operacijos judesių... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Object: The change of shoulder range of motion, muscle strength, pain and functional capacity after taking exercises and shoulder joint mobilization for patients after rotator cuff tear reconstruction surgery. Relevance of the topic. In elder age shoulder pain and various disabilities often occur because of the rotator cuff tears (Khair & Gulotta, 2011). 25,0 percent of population over 60 years and 20,0 percent of population over 20 years suffer from this injury (Itoj, 2013). Foreigner scientists more often make studies about the effectiveness of shoulder joint mobilization and other passive physical therapy techniques in curing other shoulder illnesses such as impingement syndrome, arthritis and ect. Especially there is lack of information about treatment that would prevent patients from surgery. Many scientists indicate that more studies are necessary about this topic. Task. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of shoulder joint mobilization and therapeutic exercises curing rotator cuff tears. The main goals of this study were: 1. To evaluate range of motion, muscle strength, pain and functional capacity of operated shoulder for patients after rotator cuff tear arthroscopic reconstruction surgery. 2. To evaluate effectiveness of shoulder joint mobilization and therapeutic exercises for range of motion, muscle strength, pain and functional capacity of operated shoulder for patients after rotator cuff tear reconstruction surgery. 3. To evaluate how shoulder... [to full text]
52

Įvairių gyvūnų rūšių ašarų sekrecijos kiekybinis įvertinimas / Quantitative evaluation of tear sectretion in various animal species

Kvitka, Dmitrij 05 March 2014 (has links)
Ištyrėme dviems šimtams gyvūnų ašarų sekrecijos lygį 400 akių. Tiriamieji objektai – kliniškai sveiki įvairios rūšies, amžiaus, lyties, veislės ir įvairiomis akių ligomis sergantys gyvūnai (triušiai, kiaulės, karvės, arkliai, šunys, katės). Analizavome gyvūno rūšies, amžiaus, veislės, lyties, paros ir metų laikotarpių, bei akių ligų įtaką kiekybiniams ašarų sekrecijos rodikliams, taip pat narkozės įtaką ašarų sekrecijai bendrosios anestezijos protokole naudojant skirtingus bendruosius anestetikus. Darbo tikslas. Nustatyti kai kurių naminių gyvūnų kiekybinius ašarų liaukos sekrecijos rodiklius ir įvertinti kai kurių veiksnių įtaką jiems. Visiems gyvūnams atlikome bendrąjį klinikinį tyrimą ir išmatavome ašarų kiekį akyje Širmerio testu, rodančiu bendrąjį (bazinį ir refleksinį kartu) ašarų sekrecijos lygį, ašarų liaukų sekrecinį pajėgumą. Rezultatai ir išvados. Analizuodami tyrimo rezultatus nustatėme, kad gyvūno rūšis turi įtakos ašarų sekrecijos kiekybiniams parametrams: daugiausia ašarų sekretuoja arklių akių ašarų liaukos – 25,45 ± 1,04 mm/min. Nustatėme, kad gyvūnų lytis daro įtaką ašarų liaukų sekretuojamam ašarų kiekiui ir ji priklauso nuo gyvūno rūšies. Tirtų gyvūnų, išskyrus kates, ašarų sekrecija yra aktyvesnė dieną. Tirtų gyvūnų, išskyrus arklius, ašarų sekrecija yra aktyvesnė vasarą. Gyvūnų ašarų sekrecijos pajėgumas ženkliai sumažėja sergant akių ligomis: konjunktyvitu ir uveitu, o sergant katarakta ašarų sekrecijos pokyčiai yra nežymūs. Narkotizuotų kiaulių akyse... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / We examined two hundred animal tear secretion rate in 400 eyes. Subjects – various clinically healthy animal species, age, sex, breed, and animals with various eye diseases (rabbits, pigs, cows, horses, dogs, cats). We also analyzed animal specie, age, gender, time of a day, seasons influence as well as the influence to the tears secretion using different general anesthetics. Objective. Set some pet quantitative lacrimal gland secretion rates and assess the factors which influence them. We have done a general clinical examination and measurements of the amount of tears in the eyes for all animals using schirmer test, which shows a general (basic and reflex together) tear secretion level of the lacrimal secretion capacity. Results and conclusions. Analyzing the results we found that animal species affects the secretion of tears quantitative parameters. Most tears secrets horse eye lacrimal glands – 25,45 ± 1,04 mm / min. We found that animals sex affects the tear glands secretion quantity and it depends on the animal species. Of all analyzed animals except cats tear secretion is more active in day time. Of all analyzed animals except horses, tear secretion is more active in the summer. Animal tear secretion capacity is significantly reduced in patients with eye diseases: conjunctivitis and uveitis but patients with cataract tear secretion changes are minor. In narcotized pigs decreased excretion of tears in the eyes also anesthesia with double cocktail of thiopental –... [to full text]
53

Supraspinatus Musculotendinous Architecture: A Cadaveric and In Vivo Ultrasound Investigation of the Normal and Pathological Muscle

Kim, Soo Young 24 September 2009 (has links)
The purpose of the study was to investigate the static and dynamic architecture of supraspinatus throughout its volume in the normal and pathological state. The architecture was first investigated in cadaveric specimens free of any tendon pathology. Using a serial dissection and digitization method tailored for supraspinatus, the musculotendinous architecture was modeled in situ. The 3D model reconstructed in Autodesk MayaTM allowed for visualization and quantification of the fiber bundle architecture i.e. fiber bundle length (FBL), pennation angle (PA), muscle volume (MV) and tendon dimensions. Based on attachment sites and architectural parameters, the supraspinatus was found to have two architecturally distinct regions, anterior and posterior, each with three subdivisions. The findings from the cadaveric investigation served as a map and platform for the development of an ultrasound (US) protocol that allowed for the dynamic fiber bundle architecture to be quantified in vivo in normal subjects and subjects with a full-thickness supraspinatus tendon tear. The architecture was studied in the relaxed state and in three contracted states (60º abduction with either neutral rotation, 80º external rotation, or 80º internal rotation). The dynamic changes in the architecture within the distinct regions of the muscle were not uniform and varied as a function of joint position. Mean FBL in the anterior region shortened significantly with contraction (p<0.05) but not in the posterior. In the anterior region, mean PA was significantly smaller in the middle part compared to the deep (p<0.05). Comparison of the normal and pathological muscle found large differences in the percentage change of FBL and PA with contraction. The architectural parameter that showed the largest changes with tendon pathology was PA. In sum, the results showed that the static and dynamic fiber bundle architecture of supraspinatus is heterogeneous throughout the muscle volume and may influence tendon stresses. The architectural data collected in this study and the 3D muscle model can be used to develop future contractile models. The US protocol may serve as an assessment tool to predict the functional outcome of rehabilitative exercises and surgery.
54

Reparo meniscal em crianças e adolescentes : uma revisão sistemática de resultados

Ferrari, Márcio Balbinotti January 2018 (has links)
OBJETIVO: Realizar uma revisão sistemática da literatura existente, a fim de analisar os resultados após o reparo meniscal na população pediátrica. MÉTODOS: Uma revisão sistemática foi realizada de acordo com as diretrizes PRISMA usando os Bancos de Dados de Análise Sistemática Cochrane, Registro Central Cochrane de ensaios controlados, MEDLINE Ovid e MEDLINE PubMed. Os critérios de inclusão foram os seguintes: estudos que relatam os resultados do reparo meniscal em pacientes com 18 anos ou menos, com um seguimento médio mínimo de 12 meses, idiomas português, espanhol ou inglês e estudos humanos incluindo 10 ou mais pacientes. RESULTADOS: Nossa pesquisa identificou 2534 títulos individuais. Após a aplicação dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão, foram incluídos oito estudos, avaliando 287 pacientes com lesões meniscais reparadas. Sete estudos foram classificados como nível de evidência IV e um nível III. O escore médio MINORS foi de 8,6 ± 1,4. O reparo meniscal incluiu todas as zonas meniscais e padrões de lesões. A lesão do ligamento cruzado anterior foi a lesão associada mais comum. As técnicas “inside-out” e “all-inside” foram predominantemente relatadas. A maioria dos pacientes relatou resultados bons a excelentes e teve sinais clínicos de cicatrização meniscal; as meniscectomias após reparação meniscal foram realizadas em apenas 44 casos. CONCLUSÃO: Lesões meniscais em pediatria não são incomuns. O reparo desta lesão foi associado com resultados bons a excelentes na maioria dos pacientes, independentemente do padrão de lesão, zona ou técnica. As complicações relatadas foram mínimas, no entanto, são necessários estudos de maior qualidade para confirmar os achados desta revisão sistemática. NÍVEL DE EVIDÊNCIA: Nivel IV, revisão sistemática de estudos nível III e nível IV. / PURPOSE: To perform a systematic review of existing literature in order to analyze outcomes after meniscal repair in the pediatric population. METHODS: A systematic review was performed according to PRISMA guidelines using the Cochrane Database of Systematic Review, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE Ovid, and MEDLINE PubMed databases. Inclusion criteria were as follows: studies reporting the outcomes of meniscal repair in patients 18 years old or younger, with a minimum mean follow-up of 12 months, Portuguese, Spanish or English languages, and human studies including 10 or more patients. RESULTS: Our search identified 2534 individual titles. After application of the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 8 studies were included, evaluating 287 patients with repaired meniscal tears. Seven studies were classified as level of evidence IV and one level III. The mean MINORS score was 8.6 ± 1.4. Meniscal repair included all meniscal zones and tear patterns. Anterior cruciate ligament tear was the most common associated injury. The all-inside and inside-out techniques were predominantly reported. The majority of the patients reported good to excellent outcomes and had clinical signals of meniscal healing; meniscectomies following meniscal repair were performed in just 44 cases. CONCLUSION: Meniscal tears in pediatrics are not uncommon. Repairs of this injury were associated with good to excellent outcomes in most patients, regardless of the injury pattern, zone or technique. Reported complications were minimal, however, higher quality studies are needed to confirm the findings of this systematic review. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV, systematic review of Level III and Level IV studies.
55

Correlação entre viscosidade e propriedades mecânicas de polpas kraft em sequências de branqueamento livres de cloro elementar / Correlation between viscosity and mechanical properties of kraft pulps in elemental chlorine free bleaching sequences

Ferraz, Ana Paula Almeida 27 February 2018 (has links)
Submitted by Ana Paula Almeida Ferraz (ana.almeida.ferraz@gmail.com) on 2018-04-16T15:45:49Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Ana Paula Almeida Ferraz.pdf: 1528848 bytes, checksum: efac2d5c50a3b2eb9d3d5b0b7e2e6a11 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Pamella Benevides Gonçalves null (pamella@feg.unesp.br) on 2018-04-16T19:14:08Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 ferraz_apa_me_guara.pdf: 1528848 bytes, checksum: efac2d5c50a3b2eb9d3d5b0b7e2e6a11 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-16T19:14:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ferraz_apa_me_guara.pdf: 1528848 bytes, checksum: efac2d5c50a3b2eb9d3d5b0b7e2e6a11 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-27 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O presente estudo tem por objetivo elucidar sobre a correlação entre a viscosidade e as propriedades mecânicas da polpa. O material utilizado foi uma amostra de Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla. Os cavacos foram submetidos a cozimentos com tempos de polpação de 90 e 120 minutos. Para as polpas produzidas com tempo de 90 minutos, realizou-se a deslignificação com oxigênio com temperatura de 95°C e para as polpas produzidas com o tempo de 120 minutos, a temperatura do estágio de deslignificação com oxigênio foi de 115°C, objetivando uma maior diferença de viscosidade entre as amostras. Ambas as polpas foram branqueadas a partir das sequências ECF OD(E+P)DD, OAHTD(E+P)DP e OD(E+P)(PO). Posteriormente as polpas foram refinadas em moinho PFI e avaliadas quanto ao índice de rasgo, tração e arrebentamento, segundo as normas da TAPPI (Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry). Os resultados indicam que o aumento do tempo de cozimento em 30 minutos e aumento da temperatura da deslignificação com oxigênio de 95°C para 115°C afetam significativamente a viscosidade da polpa. O refino foi afetado pela diminuição da viscosidade das sequências produzidas com deslignificação com oxigênio à temperatura de 115°C. O índice de rasgo apresentou decréscimo quanto menor a viscosidade da polpa em todas as sequências de branqueamento deste estudo. Os índices de tração e arrebentamento apresentaram decréscimo de acordo com a diminuição da viscosidade em uma mesma sequência, entretanto, quando a comparação foi feita entre diferentes sequências de branqueamento, não houve relação entre os índices de tração e de arrebentamento com a viscosidade da polpa. / This study aims to elucidate the correlation between the viscosity and the mechanical properties of the pulp. The material used was a sample of Eucalyptus grandisx Eucalyptus urophylla. The chips were cooked with cooking times of 90 and 120 minutes. For the pulps produced in 90 minutes, the delignification with oxygen at temperature of 95ºC was performed and for the pulps produced in 120 minutes, the temperature of the oxygen delignification stage was 115ºC, aiming a greater difference of viscosity between the samples. Both pulps were bleached from the sequences ECF OD(E+P)DD, OD(E+P)(PO) and OAHTD(E+P)DP. Later, the pulps were refined in PFI mill and assessed for the tear, tensile and burst indexes, according to the TAPPI (Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry) standards. The results indicate that the increase of cooking time in 30 minutes and the increase of temperature in oxygen delignification from 95°C to 115°C affect significantly the pulp viscosity. The refining was affected by the viscosity reduction of the sequences produced with delignification with oxygen at temperature of 115ºC. Tear index decreased as the pulp viscosity was lower, in all the bleaching sequences. Tensile and burst indexes presented decrease with the decrease of the viscosity in the same sequence, however, when comparing different bleaching sequences, there was no relation between the tensile and burst indexes with the pulp viscosity.
56

Avaliação da resistência ao desgaste de uma resina composta odontológica nanoparticulada empregando diferentes tempos de fotopolimerização /

Souza, Celso Naves de. January 2009 (has links)
Orientador: Ana Paula Rosifini Alves Claro / Banca: Edson Cocchieri Botelho / Banca: Carlos Roberto Grandini / Banca: Sandra Giacomin Schneider / Banca: Sergio Scheneider / Resumo: Este trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar a influência dos tempos de fotopolimerização nas resinas odontológicas, onde quatro resinas compostas foram utilizadas, sendo três micro híbridas e uma nanoparticulada. Esses compósitos foram submetidos ao desgaste abrasivo de esfera rotativa pelo método de ball cratering. Para tal ação foi projetado e construído um dispositivo de desgaste por micro abrasão de esfera rotativa livre de três corpos. Os corpos de prova foram confeccionados e embutidos em uma matriz de alumínio, com uma profundidade de 2mm. Usam-se o aparelho LED RADII, com os tempos de exposição de 20, 30 e 40 segundos e uma esfera com 15 mm de diâmetro de aço temperada, retificada e revenida. A lama abrasiva utilizada nesse estudo foi uma solução composta por 20% de talco (USP/200) e 80% de soro fisiológico, na quantidade de 3 gotas por segundo. Para comprovação dos resultados obtidos, utilizaram-se os testes de: Espectroscopia por Dispersão de Energia (EDS), Infravermelho por Transformada de Fourier (FT-IR), Análise Termogravimétrica (TGA), micro dureza Vickers, ensaio de desgaste de micro abrasão por esfera rotativa pelo método de ball cratering e a análise da superfície desgastada por Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura (MEV). Esta análise foi realizada para verificar o real mecanismo de desgaste ocorrido. Os resultados obtidos comprovam que o tempo recomendado pelos fabricantes, tem a capacidade suficiente de fotopolimerizar toda a matriz orgânica, comprovaram também que a resina nanoparticulada obteve em todos os ensaios os melhores resultados em relação às resinas híbridas, e que a cultura do acréscimo de até 20s além do recomendado não tem influência direta em relação ao desgaste abrasivo. / Abstract: This work has as an objective to evaluate the influence of photopolymerization in odontological resins, where composed four resins were used, being three of them micro hybrid and one nanoparticulated. These composites were submitted to abrasive wear and tear of rotative sphere by the method ball cratering. For such action a device of micro abrasion of rotative sphere was designed and built free of three bodies. The bodies of proof were produced and put in a matrix of aluminum with a depth of 2mm. The device used was a LED RADII, with exposition time of 20, 30 and 40 seconds and a sphere of 15mm diameter made of tempered steel, rectified and soften, the abrasive lama used in this study was a solution composed by 20% of powder (USP/200) and 80% of physiological serum released at 3 drops per second. For verification of the results obtained the tests of Energy Dispersion Spectrograph (EDS) was used, transformed Infra red of Fourier (FT-IR), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) Vickers micro hardness, wear and tear of micro abrasion by rotative sphere by the method ball cratering and the analysis of worn superficies by Sweeping Electronic Microscopy (SEM). This analysis was carried out to verify the real mechanism of the worn occurred. The results obtained prove that the time recommended by the manufacturer has enough capacity to photopolymerized all the organic matrix, it also proved that the resin nanoparticulated obtained in all the essays the best results in what concerns to the hybrid resins. And the culture of the addition of 20 seconds besides what is recommended has no direct influence in relation to the abrasive wear and tear. / Doutor
57

Reparo meniscal em crianças e adolescentes : uma revisão sistemática de resultados

Ferrari, Márcio Balbinotti January 2018 (has links)
OBJETIVO: Realizar uma revisão sistemática da literatura existente, a fim de analisar os resultados após o reparo meniscal na população pediátrica. MÉTODOS: Uma revisão sistemática foi realizada de acordo com as diretrizes PRISMA usando os Bancos de Dados de Análise Sistemática Cochrane, Registro Central Cochrane de ensaios controlados, MEDLINE Ovid e MEDLINE PubMed. Os critérios de inclusão foram os seguintes: estudos que relatam os resultados do reparo meniscal em pacientes com 18 anos ou menos, com um seguimento médio mínimo de 12 meses, idiomas português, espanhol ou inglês e estudos humanos incluindo 10 ou mais pacientes. RESULTADOS: Nossa pesquisa identificou 2534 títulos individuais. Após a aplicação dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão, foram incluídos oito estudos, avaliando 287 pacientes com lesões meniscais reparadas. Sete estudos foram classificados como nível de evidência IV e um nível III. O escore médio MINORS foi de 8,6 ± 1,4. O reparo meniscal incluiu todas as zonas meniscais e padrões de lesões. A lesão do ligamento cruzado anterior foi a lesão associada mais comum. As técnicas “inside-out” e “all-inside” foram predominantemente relatadas. A maioria dos pacientes relatou resultados bons a excelentes e teve sinais clínicos de cicatrização meniscal; as meniscectomias após reparação meniscal foram realizadas em apenas 44 casos. CONCLUSÃO: Lesões meniscais em pediatria não são incomuns. O reparo desta lesão foi associado com resultados bons a excelentes na maioria dos pacientes, independentemente do padrão de lesão, zona ou técnica. As complicações relatadas foram mínimas, no entanto, são necessários estudos de maior qualidade para confirmar os achados desta revisão sistemática. NÍVEL DE EVIDÊNCIA: Nivel IV, revisão sistemática de estudos nível III e nível IV. / PURPOSE: To perform a systematic review of existing literature in order to analyze outcomes after meniscal repair in the pediatric population. METHODS: A systematic review was performed according to PRISMA guidelines using the Cochrane Database of Systematic Review, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE Ovid, and MEDLINE PubMed databases. Inclusion criteria were as follows: studies reporting the outcomes of meniscal repair in patients 18 years old or younger, with a minimum mean follow-up of 12 months, Portuguese, Spanish or English languages, and human studies including 10 or more patients. RESULTS: Our search identified 2534 individual titles. After application of the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 8 studies were included, evaluating 287 patients with repaired meniscal tears. Seven studies were classified as level of evidence IV and one level III. The mean MINORS score was 8.6 ± 1.4. Meniscal repair included all meniscal zones and tear patterns. Anterior cruciate ligament tear was the most common associated injury. The all-inside and inside-out techniques were predominantly reported. The majority of the patients reported good to excellent outcomes and had clinical signals of meniscal healing; meniscectomies following meniscal repair were performed in just 44 cases. CONCLUSION: Meniscal tears in pediatrics are not uncommon. Repairs of this injury were associated with good to excellent outcomes in most patients, regardless of the injury pattern, zone or technique. Reported complications were minimal, however, higher quality studies are needed to confirm the findings of this systematic review. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV, systematic review of Level III and Level IV studies.
58

Exprese lektinů a glycoligandy v normálních a patologických rohovkových a konjuktiválních tkáních / Expression of endogenic lectins and their glycoligands in the tear fluid, human corneal and conjunctival epithelium under physiological and disease conditions

Hrdličková, Enkela January 2016 (has links)
Purpose: Lectins play an important role in many biological processes. The aim of this work was to analyse mainly the expression of endogenic lectins, such as galectins and plant lectin, e.g. Dolichos biflorus agglutinin (DBA), and their glycoligands in the tear fluid, human corneal and conjunctival epithelium in physiological and disease conditions. Further, we studied the human natural antibody against Galα1,3Gal-R, which is mainly responsible for hyperacute rejection of xenografts transplants. We tried to investigate its localization in human corneal epithelium, lacrimal gland and tears. Material and Methods: Human tissue (lacrimal gland, tear fluid, conjunctiva, cornea, epidermis, keratinocyte and cultured corneal epithelium), as well as porcine tissue (cornea, liver and epidermis) were examined. Endogenous galectins (galectins-1, -3 and -7) were detected using immunohistochemistry methods. Binding sites for galectins, as well as binding sites for plant lectin Dolichos biflorus agglutinin, were localized by lectin histochemistry. Reverse lectin histochemistry was used for the study of binding reactivity of endogenous lectins using labelled (neo)glycoligands. Employing biotinylated natural human IgG anti -galactosides, as well as anti -galactosides, we detected reactive epitopes in human...
59

The Development of a Validated Clinically Meaningful Endpoint for the Evaluation of Tear Film Stability as a Measure of Ocular Surface Protection for Use in the Diagnosis and Evaluation of Dry Eye Disease

January 2012 (has links)
abstract: This dissertation presents methods for the evaluation of ocular surface protection during natural blink function. The evaluation of ocular surface protection is especially important in the diagnosis of dry eye and the evaluation of dry eye severity in clinical trials. Dry eye is a highly prevalent disease affecting vast numbers (between 11% and 22%) of an aging population. There is only one approved therapy with limited efficacy, which results in a huge unmet need. The reason so few drugs have reached approval is a lack of a recognized therapeutic pathway with reproducible endpoints. While the interplay between blink function and ocular surface protection has long been recognized, all currently used evaluation techniques have addressed blink function in isolation from tear film stability, the gold standard of which is Tear Film Break-Up Time (TFBUT). In the first part of this research a manual technique of calculating ocular surface protection during natural blink function through the use of video analysis is developed and evaluated for it's ability to differentiate between dry eye and normal subjects, the results are compared with that of TFBUT. In the second part of this research the technique is improved in precision and automated through the use of video analysis algorithms. This software, called the OPI 2.0 System, is evaluated for accuracy and precision, and comparisons are made between the OPI 2.0 System and other currently recognized dry eye diagnostic techniques (e.g. TFBUT). In the third part of this research the OPI 2.0 System is deployed for use in the evaluation of subjects before, immediately after and 30 minutes after exposure to a controlled adverse environment (CAE), once again the results are compared and contrasted against commonly used dry eye endpoints. The results demonstrate that the evaluation of ocular surface protection using the OPI 2.0 System offers superior accuracy to the current standard, TFBUT. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ph.D. Industrial Engineering 2012
60

Mensuração da sensibilidade corneana e produção lacrimal em cães submetidos à facoemulsificação / Corneal sensitivity and tear production measurement in dogs submitted to phacoemulsification

Ana Carolina Almeida de Góes 26 February 2014 (has links)
A facoemulsificação é, atualmente, considerada a técnica de eleição no tratamento da catarata, uma das principais causas de perda de visão, em cães. O procedimento demanda a realização de incisões na córnea para acesso à câmara anterior. Tais incisões, a despeito da extensão reduzida, podem lesar a inervação da córnea, comprometendo sua sensibilidade e, consequentemente, influenciar a produção lacrimal. Objetivando-se avaliar tais intercorrências, concebeu-se aferir a sensibilidade corneana e a produção lacrimal aquosa em cães submetidos à facoemulsificação. Para tanto, tais parâmetros foram investigados em 20 cães com idade, sexo, raça e peso variáveis. Os procedimentos cirúrgicos foram realizados em um único olho (OT), sendo o olho não operado utilizado como controle (OC). A sensibilidade da córnea foi mensurada com o estesiômetro de Cochet-Bonnet&reg; e a produção lacrimal pelos testes do fenol vermelho e de Schirmer, em ambos os olhos. Os parâmetros foram aferidos previamente ao procedimento cirúrgico (M0 - valores basais) e, posteriormente, após sete dias (M1), 15 dias (M2), 30 dias (M3), 90 dias (M4) e 180 dias (M5). Os valores da produção lacrimal aferida com o teste do fenol vermelho, em M1, não diferiram dos obtidos previamente à cirurgia (M0), nos OT e OC; diferenças significativas foram observadas de M2 a M5, com valores superiores aos basais (M0), em ambos os olhos. Os resultados da mensuração lacrimal com o teste de Schirmer e da sensibilidade corneana à estesiometria (em cm e mm/g2) não diferiram dos basais (M0) em quaisquer dos períodos de avaliação (M1 a M5), em ambos os olhos. Os resultados obtidos ao estudo permitiram verificar que a realização da cirurgia de catarata por facoemulsificação, como fora proposto, não resulta em diminuição da sensibilidade corneana e produção lacrimal aquosa. / Phacoemulsification is considered the technique of choice for surgical extraction of cataracts, which is a leading cause of blindness in dogs. The procedure requires corneal incisions to enter the anterior chamber. These incisions, despite their reduced extensions, may damage the corneal innervation, compromising its sensitivity and, also, the tear production. Aiming to evaluate these consequences, this study intended to measure the corneal sensitivity and aqueous tear production in dogs undergoing phacoemulsification. These parameters were evaluated in 20 dogs, with different ages, genders, breeds and weights. Surgical procedures were performed in one eye (OT), and the fellow eye was used as a control (OC). Corneal sensitivity was measured with the Cochet-Bonnet® aesthesiometer and tear production by the phenol thread red test and Schirmer tear test, in both eyes. The parameters were measured prior to the surgery (M0 - baseline values) and after seven days (M1), 15 days (M2), 30 days (M3), 90 days (M4) and 180 days (M5). Tear production values measured with the phenol red test, in M1, were not different from the values measured prior to the surgery (M0), in OT and OC; significant differences were noticed from M2 to M5, with higher values when compared to baseline values (M0), in both eyes. Schirmer tear test and corneal sensitivity (in cm and mm/g2) values were not different from basal values (M0) in any of the evaluation times (M1 to M5), in both eyes. Our study outcomes suggest that phacoemulsification, as proposed previously, does not decrease the corneal sensitivity and aqueous tear production.

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