O presente trabalho teve como principal objetivo o estudo das diferenças entre os resultados obtidos com o uso do método dos mínimos quadrados ponderados e de mínimos quadrados ordinários, no ajuste do modelo de Orskov e McDonald (1979) aos dados de degradação da matéria seca (MS) e fibra em detergente ácido (FDA) em novilhos Nelore fistulados, utilizando a técnica in situ. Foram utilizados os dados de um experimento delineado em quadrado latino 4x4 (quatro animais e quatro períodos) cujos tratamentos foram: dieta com sal de cálcio de ácidos graxos e monensina (A); dieta com caroço de algodão e monensina (B); dieta controle com monensina (C) e dieta com caroço de algodão sem monensina (D). As medidas de degradabilidade foram coletadas em oito ocasiões (0, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 e 96 horas). Como essas medidas são obtidas repetidamente no mesmo animal, espera-se que as variâncias das respostas nas diversas ocasiões não sejam iguais. Nas análises propostas foram utilizados os dados originais (MS e FDA) e os dados corrigidos para os efeitos de animal e de período. De uma forma geral, observou-se que o uso do método dos mínimos quadrados ponderados alterou os resultados das análises, produzindo um aumento das estatísticas dos testes e uma alteração da significância dessas estatísticas, por conta da retirada do efeito de animal e período dos dados originais e ao uso do método de mínimos quadrados ponderados, com a ponderação feita pelo inverso da variância dos dados em cada ocasião. / The present work had as main objective the study of the differences between the results obtained using the method of the weighted least squares and ordinary least squares, in the fit of the model of Orskov and McDonald (1979) to the data of degradation of the dry matter (MS) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) in fistulated Nelore steers, using the technique in situ. The data of a delineated 4x4 Latin Square had been used (four animals and four periods) whose treatments had been: diet with calcium salt of fatty acid and monensin (A); diet with whole cottonseed and monensin (B); diet has control with monensin (C) and diet with whole cottonseed without monensin (D). The measures of degradability had been collected in eight occasions (0, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours). As these measures they are gotten repeatedly in the same animal, expects that the variances of the answers in the diverse occasions are not equal. In the analyses proposals the original data (MS and ADF) and the data corrected for the period and animal effect had been used. Of a general form, it was observed that the use of the method of the weighted least squares modified the results of the analyses, producing an increase of the statisticians of the tests and an alteration of the significance of these statisticians, for account of the withdrawal of the animal effect and period of the original data and to the use of the method of weighted least squares, with the weighted made for the inverse one of the variance of the given ones in each occasion.

The present research consists in a discussion and investigation about the issues regarding science, technicality, and the questions of value that permeate scientific practices and discourse. In a first moment, the dichotomy fact/value and the alleged neutrality of science is analyzed drawing on the contributions of philosophy and sociology authors. Some considerations on the concepts of technoscience, on the Weberian idea of science as well as Boltanski‟s notion of justification have enabled the operationalization of the objectives of this research. These objectives, in turn, have consisted in identifying how trainee biomedical scientists justify their professional practices in evaluative terms. To do so, interviews and observations in colloquiums, as well as dissertation defenses and lectures in the field have been used. / Esta pesquisa consiste em uma discussão e investigação acerca de questões que versam sobre a ciência, o tecnicismo e as questões de valores que permeiam as práticas e o discurso científico. Em um primeiro momento foi realizada uma reflexão sobre a contribuição de autores da sociologia e filosofia acerca da dicotomia fato/valor e da suposta neutralidade da ciência. Algumas considerações sobre os conceitos de tecnociência, a ideia weberiana de ciência, bem como a noção de justificação de boltanski, permitiram operacionalizar os objetivos desta pesquisa. Esses objetivos, por sua vez, consistiram em identificar como os cientistas biomédicos em formação justificam valorativamente suas práticas profissionais. Para isso, fez-se uso de entrevistas e observações em colóquios, defesas de dissertação e palestras da área.

Esse trabalho partiu da reflexão sobre interfaces gráficas sofisticadas e pouco intuitivas e o impacto das mesmas na modelagem tridimensional. A partir dessa reflexão, a pesquisa foi direcionada para o estudo de interfaces gestuais. Adotou-se, como foco do estudo, a técnica de geração de modelos tridimensionais, chamada origami por seu caráter exploratório, sistemático e sua aproximação com a área da matemática, engenharia, arquitetura e design. O problema de pesquisa consistia em identificar padrões de gestos da mão e diretrizes para uma interface gestual voltada à construção de modelos tridimensionais, a partir das técnicas de origami. A pesquisa buscou fundamentação na bibliografia e na análise sistemática de vídeos de modelagem física referentes aos movimentos da mão e ao comportamento dos modelos. Com os dados levantados foram gerados esquema e gráficos para análise. Os dados gerados auxiliaram na seleção de um vocabulário de gestos e de diretrizes para interface e comportamento dos modelos no ambiente digital que passaram por testes de aplicabilidade no ambiente físico. Os resultados gerados visaram direcionar para desenvolvedores de softwares sobre as principais características da modelagem de origami no meio digital com utilização de interface gestual. / This work was based on the consideration of sophisticated and somewhat intuitive graphical interfaces and their impact on three-dimensional modeling. Based on this discussion, the research is directed towards the gestural interfaces studies. It was adopted, as the focus of study, the threedimensional models generating technique, called origami. Because of his approach to the mathematics, engineering, architecture and design field and his exploratory and systematic characteristic. The research problem was to identify gestures hand patterns and guidelines for a gestural interface focused on building three-dimensional models, from the origami techniques. The work sought, justification in the literature and systematic analysis of physical modeling video related to hand movements and models behavior. With the collected data, graphics and analysis scheme were generated. The generated data helped in the selection of a gestures vocabulary and guidelines for interface and behavior of the models in the digital environment. Those were submitted on applicability tests in the physical environment. The results generated, aims give some directions for developers of software about the main features of the origami modeling in digital media using gestural interface.

Orientador: Suzi Frankl Sperber / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Artes / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T15:30:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Castro_AnaLuizadeMagalhaes_M.pdf: 7262821 bytes, checksum: 4bd587371f17e97a500d09d7d4d18cd2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: Este estudo desenvolve uma reflexão sobre a presença da narrativa no teatro de Peter Brook. Compreendendo-a como resultante de sua pesquisa em direção à "qualidade" e à "vida" da cena. Da noção de narrativa, de cunho tradicional, deriva o conceito de experiência que dialoga com as premissas propostas por Brook para o seu teatro. O espetáculo "A Conferência dos Pássaros" foi escolhido para este estudo por apresentar plenamente a atuação narrativa no percurso do teatro de Peter Brook, conjugando, também, o saber desenvolvido pelo grupo, no primeiro ciclo de trabalho que se iniciou com a criação do Centro Internacional de Pesquisa Teatral - CIRT, em 1970 / Abstract: This work develops a reflection about the presence of narrative in the theater of Peter Brook. Understanding this presence as a result of his search toward the "quality" and "life" of the scene. From the notion of traditional narrative derives the concept of experience, that dialogue with the premises proposed by Brook for his theater. The play "The Conference of the Birds" was chosen for this study because it presents the fully narrative acting in the Peter Brook's theatre process. It combines the knowledge developed by the group in the first cycle of their work that began with the creation of CIRT - International Centre for Theatre Research in 1970 / Mestrado / Teatro, Dança e Performance / Mestra em Artes da Cena

Le cinéma d'animation et la prise de vues réelles ont souvent été opposés – avec raison – en matière d'enjeux narratifs, esthétiques et thématiques. Cette opposition instaurée par leurs techniques respectives est toutefois de plus en plus maltraitée à l'heure où le numérique continue d'entretenir la confusion entre le film d'animation et le film dit « à effets spéciaux ». Parallèlement, un cliché particulièrement tenace a voulu que l'animation soit entièrement dévolue à l'imaginaire pur, au rêve et au merveilleux, à destination du jeune public (en opposition à une prise de vues réelles infiniment plus sérieuse, traitant de sujets réalistes). À ceci près que l'animation a très tôt partie liée avec le réel, expérimentant presque dès sa création le mélange d'images et de régimes différents dont Persepolis ou Valse avec Bachir seraient les héritiers. Cette étude se veut une analyse des rapports entretenus entre l'image animée et le réel par leur enchevêtrement du point de vue technique, thématique et esthétique. La confrontation entre le créateur humain et la créature animée, la question du corps humain dans l'animation et la prégnance du réel dans l'image animée seront examinées à travers les œuvres les plus représentatives de ce caractère hybride où se jouent la métaphore de l'acte de création, la définition même de l'être à l'écran et l'effet de réel retranscrit par l'image animée. Cette remise en perspective, entre histoire et théorie esthétique, aura pour but de démontrer les capacités qu'a l'animation d'interroger notre regard et notre rapport au monde. / Animation and live-action in cinema have often been opposed – with reason – in terms of narrative, aesthetic and thematic stakes. However, this opposition established by their respective techniques is more and more disrupted meanwhile the digital technology continues to maintain the confusion between animated feature and movie with special effects. In parallel, a particulary tenacious cliché has wanted that animation was entirely devoted to pure imaginary, dreams and marvels, addressed to young audience (opposed to an infinitely more serious live action, more able to deal with realistic subjects). Except that animation has been very early linked with reality and experimented almost from its creation the mixing of different types of pictures whose Persepolis and Waltz With Bachir would be the heirs. This study aims to be an analysis of the connections between animated picture and reality by their tangle on a technical, thematical and aesthetic point of view. The confrontation between the human creator and the animated creature, the matter of the human body in animation and the strength of the reality in animated picture will be examined through the most representative movies of this hybrid nature where the metaphor of the act of creation, the very human being's definition on screen and the effect of real retranscribed by animated pictures are at stake.This challenging, between history and easthetic theory, will aim to demonstrate the capacities of animation for questionning our look and relationship with the world.

Esse trabalho partiu da reflexão sobre interfaces gráficas sofisticadas e pouco intuitivas e o impacto das mesmas na modelagem tridimensional. A partir dessa reflexão, a pesquisa foi direcionada para o estudo de interfaces gestuais. Adotou-se, como foco do estudo, a técnica de geração de modelos tridimensionais, chamada origami por seu caráter exploratório, sistemático e sua aproximação com a área da matemática, engenharia, arquitetura e design. O problema de pesquisa consistia em identificar padrões de gestos da mão e diretrizes para uma interface gestual voltada à construção de modelos tridimensionais, a partir das técnicas de origami. A pesquisa buscou fundamentação na bibliografia e na análise sistemática de vídeos de modelagem física referentes aos movimentos da mão e ao comportamento dos modelos. Com os dados levantados foram gerados esquema e gráficos para análise. Os dados gerados auxiliaram na seleção de um vocabulário de gestos e de diretrizes para interface e comportamento dos modelos no ambiente digital que passaram por testes de aplicabilidade no ambiente físico. Os resultados gerados visaram direcionar para desenvolvedores de softwares sobre as principais características da modelagem de origami no meio digital com utilização de interface gestual. / This work was based on the consideration of sophisticated and somewhat intuitive graphical interfaces and their impact on three-dimensional modeling. Based on this discussion, the research is directed towards the gestural interfaces studies. It was adopted, as the focus of study, the threedimensional models generating technique, called origami. Because of his approach to the mathematics, engineering, architecture and design field and his exploratory and systematic characteristic. The research problem was to identify gestures hand patterns and guidelines for a gestural interface focused on building three-dimensional models, from the origami techniques. The work sought, justification in the literature and systematic analysis of physical modeling video related to hand movements and models behavior. With the collected data, graphics and analysis scheme were generated. The generated data helped in the selection of a gestures vocabulary and guidelines for interface and behavior of the models in the digital environment. Those were submitted on applicability tests in the physical environment. The results generated, aims give some directions for developers of software about the main features of the origami modeling in digital media using gestural interface.

Cette thèse cherche à former les conditions d’une rencontre entre la matrice du processus d’individuation psychique et collective (IPC) et la discipline scolaire Éducation Physique et Sportive (EPS) afin de contribuer à l’épistémologie de cette discipline dans une perspective pédagogique. La théorie philosophique de l’IPC a été élaborée dans un premier temps par Gilbert Simondon. Elle a été reconfigurée par Bernard Stiegler en replaçant la technique au cœur du processus. Elle vise à mieux comprendre les tendances qui ont parcouru les sociétés humaines et à inscrire cet héritage dans une vision lucide de leur avenir. Une synthèse des principaux concepts de cette matrice a été proposée au cours de ce travail et un certain nombre d’entre eux ont été plus particulièrement explorés. Dans cette perspective, la méthode organologique, qui étudie conjointement l’histoire et le devenir des organes du corps, des organes techniques et des organisations sociales, a permis d’identifier le point de départ de l’étude des apports et des controverses au sein des conceptions passées et actuelles de la discipline EPS (1880-2016). Cette démarche a permis de montrer que la toile de fond épistémique, qui sous-tend les courants disciplinaires, a conduit majoritairement à une vision de l’activité de l’élève en termes d’« adaptation » et de « maîtrise ». Il a été proposé de lui substituer une approche en termes d’« apprivoisement » des conduites en « adoptant » des techniques (matérielles et mnémotechniques) pour former l’attention motrice des élèves. Cette attention se traduit par la formation de conduites motrices symboliques, en se réappropriant le concept élaboré par Pierre Parlebas, tout en prenant en compte les critiques faites à son endroit. Aussi, il a été élaboré une théorie qui cherche à rendre compte de la dynamique de ces conduites à partir de trois composantes articulées : la composante performative de la conduite, sa composante relationnelle, et sa composante métamotrice. L’étude de cas, basée sur la pratique scolaire du badminton avec une classe de quatrième, a cherché à mettre à l’épreuve cette théorie et à documenter les effets d’apprentissage d’une pédagogie fondée sur la formation de conduites motrices symboliques évolutives, envisagées comme des « faire-corps », en montrant les spécificités et les relations qui se sont tissées entre deux des trois composantes de la conduite : la composante performative et la composante métamotrice. / The purpose of this work is to create the conditions of an epistemological encounter between, on the one hand: the matrix of the psychic and collective individuation process, and on the other hand: physical education as a subject of learning and teaching. Gilbert Simondon first developed the philosophical theory of psychic and collective individuation process. Therefrom, Bernard Stiegler made it his own and rebuilt it while putting technics at its core. More precisely, for Stiegler, this theory rests on technics which is the main part of the process. Moreover, he shows that technics is, most of the time, excluded from epistemology. Throughout the concepts forged within this matrix, we can figure out the different patterns human societies went through. Moreover, understanding these patterns leads us to consider clearly their prospects and evolution. This work summarizes the main concepts seen as essential to define this matrix, while some of these concepts were given more attention. The organologic approach studies history and the prospects of body organs, technical tools, and social organizations. This approach brought to light the starting point for the topic concerning the contributions as well as the disputations within the past and present views of physical education (1880-2016). This process shows that the epistemic background mainly leads to consider the student action in terms of adjustment or in terms of mastering. We propose to turn this approach into a new one where the student will ease into new behavior using technics (such as physical ones or mnemonics) so that they can develop the motor attention. This view is based on the idea developed by Pierre Parlebas, seizing his work as well as the critical reviews of it. Therefore, we rely on the notion of forming symbolic motor behavior. This work also presents a theory attempting to report how the formation of these assets includes three major components: the performative component of the behavior, the relational component and the meta motor component. To test this theory, observations were made on a class of eighth graders practicing badminton. This case study points out two essential ideas: revealing the effects of an educational way of teaching based on the formation of a progressive and symbolic motor behavior (seen as "faire corps"), showing how two of the three components are specifically connected: the performative component and the meta motor component.

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CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de NÃvel Superior / Plant virus identification and characterization can be achived by several methods based in the biological, morphological, cytological, serological and molecular virus properties. The molecular properties have been used with frequency for vÃrus identification and characterization and the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) has constituted an efficient and precise method for researches with RNA plant viruses. On the other hand, the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is the most used serological method for virus detection in plant tissues. A techncal innovation developed for plant virus identification represents a great technological development and support for plant virus research. A new approach involving virus particle immune precipitation to be used for RNA amplification by RT-PCR named IP-RT-PCR was sucessefuly used for amplification of RNA fragments from five virus species from the genera Comovirus, Cucumovirus, Potyvirus and Sobemovirus. Considering that the immune biological Companies have developed several DAS-ELISA kits, but neither of them produce and commercialize PTA-ELISA kits, a simple and practical PTA-ELISA kit was developed and validated for plant virus detection. The second part of the research had the objective to study, comparatively, the biological, serological and molecular properties of four plant virus isolates obtained from naturally infected Passiflora edulis (PWV-PET and PWV-GUA) and from naturally infected Vigna unguiculata (CABMV-BV and CABMV-FOR) with the objective to elucidate the identity of the causal agent of passion fruit woodiness in Brazil. In host range studies onle Canavalia ensiformes and Macroptilium lathyroides were infected by virus isolates obtained from cowpea and from passion fruit. The isolate PWV-GUA was purified from systemically infected M. lathyroides plants and the virus purified preparation (18.24 mg of virus.ml-1) was used for rabitt immunization for polyclonal antiserum production, which showed a title of 1:128,000 in PTA-ELISA. The electrophoresis analysis of the purified virus showed a unique capsidial protein with 34 kDA. Plant virus interaction studies in C. ensiformis indicated unilateral cross protection between PWV-GUA and CABMV-FOR. On the other hand, the isolate PWV-PET did not cross protect passion fruit plants against PWV-GUA. Filogenetic analysis of nucleotiode sequencies from cDNA fragments corresponding to coat protein (CP) genes amplified by IP-RT-PCR from the genomic virus isolates compared with virus sequencies from the Genbank grouped according to the host specifities. Based on the biological, serological and mainly molecular results, the virus isolates studied were classified into two biotypes: Biotype CABMC-C (Cowpea) to include isolates obtained from cowpea that do not infect passion fruit, and biotype CABMV-P (Passion fruit) to include the virus isolates responsible for the passion fruit woodiness in Brazil. / A identificaÃÃo e a caracterizaÃÃo de vÃrus de planta podem ser realizadas por vÃrios mÃtodos envolvendo propriedades morfolÃgicas, biolÃgicas, citolÃgicas, moleculares e sorolÃgicas. As tÃcnicas moleculares tÃm sido usadas com frequencia para identificaÃÃo e caracterizaÃÃo de vÃrus, e a tÃcnica de âreverse transcription polymerase chain reactionâ (RT-PCR) tem se constituÃdo em mÃtodo eficiente e preciso para pesquisas com vÃrus de planta com genoma de RNA. De outra parte, a tÃcnica de enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) constitui o mÃtodo sorolÃgico mais usado para detecÃÃo de vÃrus em tecidos vegetais. Uma inovaÃÃo tecnolÃgica desenvolvida nesta pesquisa para diagnose de vÃrus de planta representa grande avanÃo tecnolÃgico e suporte para pesquisa em virologia vegetal. A inovaÃÃo envolvendo a imunoprecipitaÃÃo (IP) de partÃculas de vÃrus para uso na RT-PCR denominada de IP-RT-PCR foi usada com sucesso para amplificaÃÃo de fragmentos de RNA de cinco espÃcies de vÃrus dos gÃneros Comovirus, Cucumovirus, Potyvirus e Sobemovirus. Considerando que kits de DAS-ELISA tÃm sido produzidos e comercializados por companhias de imunobiologicos, mas nenhuma companhia produz kits de PTA-ELISA, um kit simples e prÃtico de PTA-ELISA foi desenvolvido e validado para detecÃÃo de vÃrus de planta. A segunda etapa da pesquisa teve como objetivo estudar as propriedades biolÃgicas, sorolÃgicas e moleculares de isolados de vÃrus do gÃnero Potyvirus obtidos de maracujazeiro (Passiflora edulis) (PWV-PET e PWV-GUA) e isolados de Cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus (CABMV-FOR e CABMV-BV) obtidos de feijoeiro caupi (Vigna unguiculata), visando elucidar a identidade do agente causal do endurecimento dos frutos do maracujazeiro no Brasil. Em estudos de gama de plantas hospedeiras, somente Canavalia ensiformis e Macroptilium lathyroides foram infetadas por isolados obtidos de maracujazeiro e de feijoeiro caupi. O PWV-GUA foi purificado a partir de plantas de M. lathyroides sistemicamente infetadas e a preparaÃÃo viral purificada (18,24 mg de vÃrus.ml-1) foi usada para imunizaÃÃo de coelho com a produÃÃo de antissoro policlonal com tÃtulo de 1:128.000 em PTA-ELISA. AnÃlise eletroforÃtica da preparaÃÃo viral purificada revelou uma Ãnica proteÃna capisidial com peso molecular de 34 kDa. Experimentos de interaÃÃo entre os isolados virais em C. ensiformis indicaram proteÃÃo unilateral entre PWV-GUA e CABMV-FOR. De outra parte, o isolado PWV-PET nÃo protegeu plantas de maracujazeiro contra a super infecÃÃo de PWV-GUA. AnÃlises filogenÃticas das seqÃÃncias dos fragmentos de cDNA correspondentes Ãs capas protÃicas (CP), amplificados a partir dos genomas dos isolados virais de maracujazeiro e de feijoeiro caupi por IP-RT-PCR, agruparam-se com as seqÃÃncias de isolados virais de referidas culturas depositadas no GenBank, apresentando um agrupamento em funÃÃo da especificidade de hospedeiros. Com base nos resultados dos estudos biolÃgicos, sorolÃgicos e, sobretudo moleculares, os isolados virais estudados foram classificados em dois biÃtipos: BiÃtipo CABMV-C (Cowpea) incluindo os isolados obtidos de feijoeiro caupi e biÃtipo CABMV-P (Passion fruit) para incluir os isolados responsÃveis pelo endurecimento dos frutos do maracujazeiro no Brasil.