[pt] A presente tese tem por objetivo geral estudar os processos de planejamento dos pólos tecnológicos, envolvendo a articulação da temática específica desses pólos e a perspectiva do planejamento, a busca de elementos que propiciem a melhor compreensão da dinâmica dos processos de planejamento dos pólos e o registro dos resultados da experimentação de introdução de um modo de planejamento apropriado para os pólos, aplicado em um caso específico. Dadas as características da problemática desses pólos, esse objetivo é delimitado, privilegiando- se o enfoque do Planejamento Adaptativo. Nessa perspectiva, ao longo do trabalho articula-se as temáticas dos pólos e do planejamento. Inicialmente, apresenta-se uma contextualização das mudanças estruturais das últimas décadas da economia mundial, as quais são associadas às mudanças organizacionais e ao substancial aumento de cooperação entre agentes, observado a partir da década de oitenta. Assim, os pólos são vistos como uma dessas formas de cooperação. Em seguida, discute-se a experiência internacional mais representativa dos Science Parks, estabelecendo suas origens, seus vários conceitos, sua evolução, seu desempenho e as características comuns e distintivas entre países. Em uma discussão mais ampla, aborda-se a experiência brasileira dos pólos tecnológicos e de modernização, estabelecendo elementos de comparação com a experiência internacional discutida anteriormente. A análise é aprofundada discutindo-se, a partir da perspectiva do planejamento, a problemática envolvida no desenvolvimento dos pólos brasileiros, apontando seus altos níveis de complexidade, conflito e incerteza. O Planejamento Adaptativo é discutido em um capítulo especial, abrangendo a apresentação das suas raízes e das suas tendências, quais sejam o Redesenho Normativo de Sistemas e o Planejamento Não Sinóptico, e as metodologias específicas compreendidas por essas tendências. Discutem-se as implicações para o planejamento dos pólos,que decorrem dessa análise, confirmando-se que as abordagens do Planejamento Adaptativo não Sinóptico são as mais apropriadas para lidar com a problemática dos pólos. Aprofundando essa análise, caracteriza-se o sistema geral que as entidades gestoras dos pólos visam desenvolver, introduz-se o conceito de espaços de intervenção do planejamento e desenvolve-se um arcabouço para a avaliação no espaço interno dessas entidades. O trabalho inclui uma pesquisa exploratória e um estudo de caso, ambos realizados focalizando iniciativas no Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Na pesquisa exploratória, estudam-se as iniciativas conduzidas pela Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro e a Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro, estabelecendo-se elementos metodológicos para a análise dos processos de planejamento envolvidos nas incubadoras e parques tecnológicos. O estudo de caso é um trabalho mais profundo, visando a introdução da filosofia do Planejamento Adaptativo no desenvolvimento do Parque de Alta Tecnologia do Norte Fluminense. As conclusões da tese apontam que suas principais contribuições decorrem da articulação das temáticas dos pólos e do planejamento, estabelecendo bases para a melhor compreensão da dinâmica dos processos de planejamento dos pólos e fornecendo elementos metodológicos e conceituais para a análise e implementação do Planejamento Adaptativo. / [en] The general objective of this thesis is to study the planning processes in technological poles, involving: 1) the articulation of specific aspects of these poles and the planning perspective; 2) the search of elements for a better understanding of these processes dynamics and 3) the registration of the results, in a specific case,of the introduction of an appropriate planning mode for poles. Given the poles characteristics, the Adaptive Planning approach is adopted. First, the context of the structural changes in the world economy is presented, associated to organizational changes and to the increasing cooperation among agents observed since the eighties.In this sense, the poles are viewed as one form of cooperation.Next, the most representative international experiences of Science Parks are discussed, including their origins, concepts, evolution and performance as well as the common and distinctive characteristics of selected countries. In a broad discussion, the Brazilian experience in modernization and technological poles is analyzed, establishing comparative elements with international experience. Adaptive Planning is presented in a special chapter, including its roots and its tendencies, namely, Normative System Redesign and Non Synoptic Adaptive Planning, with the specific methodologies they encompass. The analysis is deepened with a discussion, from the planning viewpoint, of the problems involved in the development of the Brazilian poles, emphasizing their high degrees of conflict, complexity and uncertainty. The discussion of the analysis`results confirm that the Non Synoptic Adaptive Planning tendency matches with the problems of poles. The general system that the coordinating organization of the pole aims to develop is characterized, the concept of intervention spaces of planning is introduced and a framework for evaluation at the internal space of these organizations is developed. The thesis includes an exploratory research and a case study, both focusing initiatives in Rio de Janeiro State. The exploratory research includes cases of technological poles in the Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro and the Pontificia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro,establishing methodological elements for the analysis of the planning processes involved in incubators and technology parks. The case study aimed at introducting the Adaptive Planning philosophy in the development of the Parque de Alta Tecnologia do Norte Fluminense. Finally, the conclusions of the thesis suggest that the major contributions come from the articulation of the poles and planning thematics, establishing a basis for a better understanding of the dynamics in these planning processes and providing methodological and conceptual elements for the analysis and implementation of Adaptive Planning.

Sous l’impulsion du droit de l’Union européenne, les contrats publics d’affaires ont vocation à promouvoir l’innovation technologique. Les objectifs multiples qui leur sont assignés, particulièrement l’ouverture à la concurrence, les empêche néanmoins d’être des vecteurs efficaces d’innovation, au stade de leur formation. Il appartient en revanche aux parties de construire leur relation contractuelle en tenant compte des caractéristiques de l’innovation, telles que l’évolutivité et la performance. C’est donc le contrat, comme instrument de prévision, qui représente un moyen efficace d’encouragement à innover. / Under the influence of European Union law, the « business public contracts » (i.e. contracts known as public procurement and concession contracts in EU law) are supposed to be a means of fostering technological innovation. However, the multiplicity of objectives assigned to these contracts, in particular the obligation of maintaining an open competition in awarding them, does not allow them to be an efficient tool for promoting innovation at their formation stage. It is the responsibility of the parties to take into account the main charasteristics of innovation, such as evolutivity and performance, to define their contractual relationships. The contract, taken as a means of anticipation, thus represents an efficient tool for promoting innovation.

The research outlined in this thesis focuses on the effects of implementation and use of mobile payments as experienced by older adults aged 55-75, as qualitatively examined through research interviewees (hereafter participants of this study) made up of individuals with varying cultural and technological backgrounds, who are acclimated to Greece’s culture and have lived within the country for at least a decade. Their own perception and reception of the practice allows for a more comprehensive look into the practical application of the technology within the country. No empirical studies are available on the aforementioned topic, despite the high importance and need for such study. Therefore, this research is carried out through a literature review. It then analyzes two models namely technology acceptance model (TAM) and unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) model. It applies a phenomenological research method and provides us with a more concise, contextualized background into the widespread application of m-payment and m-commerce within the country. This research contributes new knowledge to m-payment and m-commerce through theoretical and empirical research and benefits the interpretation of a recently emerging phenomenon. The research results are useful to various groups associated with mpayments and m-commerce. Future research directions concerning this phenomenon involve the reception and enhancement of m-payment methods by older adults.

Le projet de doctorat vise à présenter une nouvelle approche intégrée en support des opérateurs dans la gestion du processus de conception d'interventions de rénovation énergétique et architecturale du patrimoine bâti récent, grâce à l'emploie de solutions technologiques d'enveloppe innovantes. La recherche se fonde sur la collection d'un répertoire sélectionné des solutions architecturales et constructives d'enveloppe, nécessaire pour constituer une base valide sur laquelle étudier des solutions technologiques novatrices pour la réhabilitation énergétique des écoles dans l'après-guerre, en béton armé, généralement préfabriquées. Le projet identifie des processus constructifs éco-durables pour la conception des composants de façade “active”, adaptable et efficace, à assembler à sec, en conformité avec les exigences de performance requises par la réglementation actuelle. La recherche est finalisée à la gestion de l'ensemble du processus, soutenu par des systèmes de relevé géométrique, connectés aux logiciels de programmation paramétrique pour la modélisation des surfaces capables de s'adapter aux différentes morphologies du patrimoine existant. Ces outils informatisés CAO-FAO sont reliés aux machines à contrôle numérique CNC pour la fabrication des éléments de façade “sur mesure”. À démonstration de l'approche innovante proposée, deux possibles solutions d'enveloppes ont présentées, dans la ligne droit des principes de durabilité, comprise comme modularité, rapidité de mise en œuvre, réversibilité, récupération et réutilise des matériaux. En particulier, les solutions innovantes sont réunies par l'application d'une technique basée sur l'assemblage d'éléments préfabriqués, l'adoption d'un pavage hexagonal pour le dessin de la nouvelle surface d'enveloppe, et l'utilisation du même matériau isolant thermique, plastique et inorganique, recyclé, éco-durable, à faible impact environnemental (AAM - Alkali Activated Materials).Les solutions proposées, développées dans les sièges de cotutelle (Université de Bologne, Université Paris-Est) sont envisagées selon un protocole scientifique qui prévoit: conception du système constructif, analyse mécanique et thermique, expérimentation constructive, validation des techniques de mise en œuvre et des performances / The research is aimed at presenting a new integrated approach to aid operators and designers to manage the design process as a whole in refurbishment interventions of recent existing building stock, through the use of innovative technological envelope solutions. The study requires the acquisition of a selection of typological and constructive envelope solutions, as a starting point for the development of design solutions to be used for architectural renovation of schools built after the Second World War, in reinforced concrete and mostly prefabricated. The project identifies sustainable construction processes for the design of “active”, adaptive, efficient and dry assembled envelope components, in accordance with the performance requirements prescribed by current regulations. The purpose of the research is to manage the whole design process with the support of geometrical survey, connected to parametric programming software for modelling surfaces which can be adapted to the morphology of existing buildings. These computerized CAD-CAM tools are connected to CNC machines for “customized” industrialized production. To illustrate this innovative approach, two envelope solutions are proposed, according to the research paradigms and the principles of sustainability, meant as modularity, speed of setup, reversibility, recycling and reuse of materials with low environmental impact. In particular, the innovative solutions have in common the application of a technique based on the assembly of prefabricated components, the adoption of hexagonal patterns for the tessellation of the new surface of the façade, and the use of the same plastic and inorganic, recycled and sustainable, thermal insulation material (AAM-Alkali Activated Materials).The design solutions proposed are developed at the two sites involved in the joint

Teknologiers transformativa förmågor har stor potential att bidra till förändring som gynnar samhällen, miljön och mänskligt välbefinnande. Världen står idag inför många stora utmaningar som klimatförändringar och omfattande digitala förändringar. Investerare påverkar vilka teknologier som formar våra samhällen, och uppdragsdrivna aktörer, snarare än endast vinstdrivna, kan påverka framtida paradigmskiften. Trots ett ökat intresse för området ”transformativa teknologier” saknas konsensus kring grundläggande egenskaper och vad begreppet inbegriper. Avsaknaden av definierande egenskaper resulterar i att begreppet löper risk att urvattnas, vilket vidare medför negativa effekter kopplade till beslutsfattares avsaknad av praxis för att utvärdera transformativa förmågor hos teknologier. Beslutsfattare kan hjälpas av ett tydligare definierat begrepp och genom applicerbara metoder kan beslutsfattare hjälpas nå sina mål. Befintliga metoder för utvärdering av ansvarsfulla investeringar som ESG och Impact investing är inte fokuserade på teknologier och därtill finns begränsningar som gör de mindre tillämpbara i fall där transformativa teknologier är relevant. Studien bidrar till en ökad förståelse för begreppet och tillhandahåller metoder för utvärdering genom att analysera transformativa egenskaper i Industrifondens portföljbolag inom området transformativ teknologi. Det empiriska underlaget utgörs av 12 portföljbolag. Studien visar på tre dimensioner av transformativa egenskaper, value changes, mimicry och diffusion, samt bidrar med förståelse kring dess innebörd. Vidare visar studien på återkommande mönster i termer av transformativa egenskaper. Utöver bidraget kopplat till en ökad förståelse inom området ger studien förslag på hur dessa teknologier kan utvärderas samt hur utvärderingsmetoder kan tillämpas vid investeringsstrategier. / The transformative capabilities of technologies have great potential contributing to change that benefits society, the environment and human well-being. The world faces many grand challenges today, such as climate change and extensive digital change. Investors affect which technologies shaping our societies and organizations that are mission-driven, rather than entirely profit-driven, can affect the paradigm shifts that are to come. Despite an increased interest in the field of “transformative technologies”, there is a lack of consensus on basic characteristics and what the term entails. The lack of defining characteristics results in a risk of the term being diluted, which further has negative effects linked to decision-makers’ lack of approaches to evaluate transformative abilities in technologies. Decision-makers can be helped by a more defined concept, and through applicable methods, decision-makers can be helped to achieve their goals. Existing methods for evaluation of so-called “responsible investments” such as ESG and Impact investing are not focused on transformative capabilities of technologies. Furthermore, some limitations make them less applicable in cases where transformative technologies are relevant. The study contributes to an increased understanding of the concept and provides methods for evaluation by analyzing transformative capacities in Industrifonden's portfolio companies in the field of transformative technology. The empirical basis consists of 12 portfolio companies. The study highlights three dimensions of characteristics for transformative technologies, value changes, mimicry and diffusion, and contributes to an understanding of their meaning. Furthermore, the study shows recurring patterns in terms of transformative characteristics. In addition to the contribution linked to an increased understanding in the area, the study provides suggestions on how these technologies can be evaluated and how evaluation methods can be applied to investment strategies.

El mango peruano ha logrado posicionarse dentro del ranking mundial de exportación, en el cual Perú ocupa el cuarto lugar. Esto gracias a su valor nutricional y características organolépticas como el sabor, dulzura y textura. Por esta razón el Gobierno ha iniciado la fomentación y apoyo a los productores de mango en implementar proyectos de mejora productiva. El objetivo principal es determinar en qué medida la innovación productiva aplicada por las empresas exportadoras de mango de la región Piura se relaciona con su desempeño exportador durante los años 2017-2020 con destino a Países Bajos, considerando como dimensiones de la variable independiente a la innovación de producto, procesos y tecnológica. El enfoque utilizado es mixto, con un diseño no experimental transversal correlacional. En el análisis cualitativo, se analizaron en el programa Atlas Ti, 10 entrevistas a expertos involucrados con el problema de investigación (colaboradores del INIA, Sociedad de Comercio Exterior, entre otros). Para el análisis cuantitativo se empleó un cuestionario en escala de Likert a 18 empresas agroexportadoras de mango de la región Piura, para la aplicación en el software SPSS. El α de Cronbach fue de 0,854 que significa un nivel alto de confiabilidad. Como resultado se obtuvo que la innovación productiva en las empresas exportadoras de mango de la región Piura sí se relaciona positivamente con su desempeño exportador durante los años 2017-2020 con destino a Países Bajos con un coeficiente de correlación de 0.807, adicionalmente se comprobó la relación entre la dimensión innovación tecnológica y el desempeño exportador. / The Peruvian mango has managed to position itself within the world export ranking, in which Peru ranks fourth. This thanks to its nutritional value and organoleptic characteristics such as flavor, sweetness and texture. For this reason, the Government has begun promoting and supporting mango producers in implementing productive improvement projects. The main objective is to determine to what extent the productive innovation applied by mango exporting companies in the Piura region is related to their export performance during the years 2017-2020 to the Netherlands, considering innovation as dimensions of the independent variable. product, process and technology. The approach used is mixed, with a cross-correlational non-experimental design. In the qualitative analysis, 10 interviews with experts involved with the research problem (collaborators of the INIA, Foreign Trade Society, among others) were analyzed in the Atlas Ti program. For the quantitative analysis, a Likert-scale questionnaire was used for 18 agro-exporting mango companies in the Piura region, for application in SPSS software. Cronbach's α was 0.854, which means a high level of reliability. As a result, it was obtained that the productive innovation in the mango exporting companies of the Piura region is positively related to their export performance during the years 2017-2020 destined for the Netherlands with a correlation coefficient of 0.807, additionally the relationship was verified between the technological innovation dimension and export performance. / Tesis

[pt] O objetivo da dissertação é analisar e comparar a influência de diferentes tipos de parceiros em arranjos cooperativos para projetos de PD&I sobre a apropriação de valor pelas empresas inovadoras da indústria de transformação no Brasil, considerando-se condições ambientais distintas, como nível de intensidade tecnológica e força do regime de apropriabilidade dos setores em que atuam, bem como características internas, como tamanho da empresa e capacidade para cooperar em projetos de PDeI (focalizando inovações de produto e/ou processo). A fonte de dados é a Pesquisa Nacional de Inovação (Pintec 2014), realizada pelo Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE). A pesquisa pode ser considerada descritiva e aplicada. A metodologia adotada compreende pesquisa bibliográfica sobre inovação; mecanismos de apropriação de valor; cooperação interorganizacional para inovação e classificações tecnológicas, destacando-se a classificação de intensidade tecnológica proposta pela Organização para a Cooperação e Desenvolvimento Econômico (OCDE); pesquisa documental referente à Classificação CNAE e ao Manual da Pintec 2014, ambas divulgadas pelo IBGE; análise de conteúdo para classificar as atividades econômicas das empresas inovadoras da indústria de transformação (respondentes da Pintec 2014), segundo quatro níveis de intensidade tecnológica e regime de apropriabilidade dos setores em que atuam e três faixas de pessoal alocado; solicitação ao IBGE de acesso aos microdados não desidentificados da Pintec 2014; e desenvolvimento de modelos econométricos logit para os doze agrupamentos de empresas, classificadas por intensidade tecnológica/força do regime de apropriabilidade do setor e por faixa de pessoal ocupado. A utilização dos microdados da Pintec 2014 para analisar a influência da cooperação interorganizacional sobre a apropriação de valor pelas empresas inovadoras da indústria de transformação no Brasil em diferentes condições ambientais conferem à pesquisa um caráter original, uma vez que os estudos anteriores baseados em Pesquisas Nacionais de Inovação não exploraram essa abordagem metodológica. / [en] This dissertation aims to analyze and compare the influence of different types of partners in cooperative arrangements for RDandI projects on the appropriation of value by innovative companies of the transformation industry in Brazil, considering different environmental conditions, such as the level of technological intensity and strength of the appropriability regime of the sectors in which they operate, as well as internal characteristics such as company size and its capacity to cooperate in RDandI projects (focusing on product and/or process innovations). The primary data source is the National Innovation Survey (Pintec), conducted by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE). The research can be considered descriptive and applied. The methodology adopted includes bibliographic research on innovation; value creation and value appropriation mechanisms; and technological classifications, highlighting the classification of sectoral technological intensity proposed by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD); documentary analysis concerning the Brazilian Classification of Economic Activities (CNAE) and Pintec 2014, both published by IBGE; content analysis to classify the economic activities of the respondent companies, according to sectoral technological intensity, appropriability regime of the sectors in which they operate and number of employees; request to IBGE for access to microdata of Pintec 2014; development of logit econometric models for the companies classified by sector technological intensity/strength of the appropriability regime, and by number of employees (micro and small, medium and large companies). The use of microdata from Pintec 2014 to analyze and compare the influence of different types of partners in cooperative arrangements for RDandI projects on the appropriation of value by innovative companies under different environmental conditions give the research an original character, since previous studies based on National Innovation Surveys have not explored this methodological approach.

This paper focuses on the local additive manufacturing AM for life science ecosystem. It aims to study the roles of the different stakeholders, and the strengths and weaknesses of the local AM ecosystem through the lens of the research on Innovation ecosystems (IE), Innovation Systems (IS), and Innovation clusters (IC). The main framework used in this study is technological innovation systems (TIS). The methodology of this research relies on a mixed-methods approach that involved surveys administered through structured interviews and self-completion questionnaire. The stakeholders involved in the study include organizations from the industrial sector, healthcare providers, academia, public agencies, and innovation support. Data collected from twenty-two participants was compiled and used to determine response frequencies on nine multiple response questions, and mean scores for thirty-two Likert scale questions. The frequency response tables were used to determine the stakeholder roles, while mean scores were used to determine the TIS functional components ratings and overall standings.  The roles of the stakeholders were determined through the lens of the existing literature on IE. The stakeholders have mixed involvement across the ecosystem, sometimes occupying multiple role categories within the ecosystem. It was found that healthcare stakeholders, and industry stakeholders fill direct value creation and value support roles due to their active participation in defining medical needs and supporting the ecosystem. Next, Public agency stakeholders fill leadership roles, due to their regulatory and actor integration roles. Finally Academic stakeholders fill leadership roles by providing research and knowledge to the ecosystem.   In terms of strengths and weaknesses, the TIS framework was used to evaluate the seven original functional components, and an additional component that was added based on the IE research. It was found that Function 3 Knowledge Diffusion was the strongest function, due to the noncompetitive environment that the local AM ecosystem has established. Meanwhile, Function 2 Knowledge Development scored lowest and was determined to be the weakest functional component due to a lack in the number of patents within the innovation ecosystem. In addition, individual strengths and weaknesses within the functional components were highlighted for a more nuanced look into the strengths and weaknesses of individual functional components. The highest rated strength of the ecosystem was determined to be collaboration, and its weakest area was the noncompetitive environment.

Purpose - The aim of this study is to provide large incumbent organizations a tool to moreeffectively evaluate and implement digital platforms while taking into account the needs ofthe stakeholders. To do so, we developed a roadmap consisting of nine steps that are dividedinto three different phases. Method - This study was conducted by using a abductive research method utilizing aquantitative data collection by analyzing earlier research and qualitative data collectionthrough interviews. The interviews were conducted in three phases: exploratory, semistructured and validatory interviews. In total 21 interviews were conducted which wereanalyzed through a thematic analysis. Findings - The thematic analysis resulted in three main themes; Platform transitionassessment, Planning platform transition, and Execute platform transition. These themes ledto a roadmap for platform transitions, for large incumbent organizations. Theoretical and Managerial implications - The presented study contributes to existingliterature by combining existing change management and technology adoption models todevelop a roadmap for evaluation and implementation of digital platforms. Furthermore, thisstudy provides managers with important insight and practical implications of importantfactors that should be considered before and during a digital transformation. Limitations and future research - This study is limited by its qualitative method since it isfocused on a single case study in a limited time-span in a large international industry.Therefore, the generalizability of the findings in this study might be limited and needs to beconfirmed in other contexts.

In higher education institutions, virtual learning systems (VLSs) have been adopted, and are becoming increasingly popular among educators. However, despite this ubiquity of VLS use, there has not been widespread change in pedagogic practice to take advantage of the functionality afforded by VLSs. Knowledge of the actual usage of e-learning systems is limited in terms of what specific feature sets are deemed useful, and how this influences system usage. VLSs have a suite of tools with associated functions/features and properties, as well as non-functional system characteristics. In addition, these systems incorporate pedagogic features to cater for online teaching. Educators in higher education, who are the chief agents of e-learning, are confounded by system-related, pedagogic, organisational, user difference and demographic factors that influence VLS usage. Virtual learning system usage involves system feature usage extent and frequency, total system usage and usage clusters. The aim of this study is to develop a model representing the factors that influence usage of VLSs in higher education. The links between system usage and system-related factors, pedagogic factors, organisational factors, user-difference and demographic factors is researched. This research incorporated a literature study, a pilot study, interviews and surveys. A case study research strategy was combined with a mixed methods research design. The results of the qualitative analysis was triangulated with the findings of the quantitative analysis and compared to the findings of the literature study. The study was conducted at two residential higher education institutions (HEI), namely, University of KwaZulu-Natal and Durban University of Technology. The main contribution of this study is the Virtual Learning System Usage Model (VLSUM) representing the factors that influence VLS usage in residential higher education institutions. The proposed VLSUM is based on the empirical results of this study. VLSUM can be used by managers of educational technology departments and instructional designers to implement interventions to optimize usage. The constructs of VLSUM confirmed existing theories, replicated and synthesised theories from different fields, and extended existing models to produce a new model for understanding the factors that influence VLS usage in higher education. / Computing / D. LITT. et. Phil. (Information Systems)