No description available.

Recently, verification and analysis of data words have gained a lot of interest. Metric temporal logic (MTL) and timed propositional temporal logic (TPTL) are two extensions of Linear time temporal logic (LTL). In MTL, the temporal operator are indexed by a constraint interval. TPTL is a more powerful logic that is equipped with a freeze formalism. It uses register variables, which can be set to the current data value and later these register variables can be compared with the current data value. For monotonic data words, Alur and Henzinger proved that MTL and TPTL are equally expressive and the satisfiability problem is decidable. We study the expressive power, satisfiability problems and path checking problems for MLT and TPTL over all data words. We introduce Ehrenfeucht-Fraisse games for MTL and TPTL. Using the EF-game for MTL, we show that TPTL is strictly more expressive than MTL. Furthermore, we show that the MTL definability problem that whether a TPTL-formula is definable in MTL is not decidable. When restricting the number of register variables, we are able to show that TPTL with two register variables is strictly more expressive than TPTL with one register variable. For the satisfiability problem, we show that for MTL, the unary fragment of MTL and the pure fragment of MTL, SAT is not decidable. We prove the undecidability by reductions from the recurrent state problem and halting problem of two-counter machines. For the positive fragments of MTL and TPTL, we show that a positive formula is satisfiable if and only it is satisfied by a finite data word. Finitary SAT and infinitary SAT coincide for positive MTL and positive TPTL. Both of them are r.e.-complete. For existential TPTL and existential MTL, we show that SAT is NP-complete. We also investigate the complexity of path checking problems for TPTL and MTL over data words. These data words can be either finite or infinite periodic. For periodic words without data values, the complexity of LTL model checking belongs to the class AC^1(LogDCFL). For finite monotonic data words, the same complexity bound has been shown for MTL by Bundala and Ouaknine. We show that path checking for TPTL is PSPACE-complete, and for MTL is P-complete. If the number of register variables allowed is restricted, we obtain path checking for TPTL with only one register variable is P-complete over both infinite and finite data words; for TPTL with two register variables is PSPACE-complete over infinite data words. If the encoding of constraint numbers of the input TPTL-formula is in unary notation, we show that path checking for TPTL with a constant number of variables is P-complete over infinite unary encoded data words. Since the infinite data word produced by a deterministic one-counter machine is periodic, we can transfer all complexity results for the infinite periodic case to model checking over deterministic one-counter machines.

Fortemente influenciado pela concepção norte-americana desde a sua implantação no período republicano, o sistema brasileiro de controle de constitucionalidade acolheu a sanção de nulidade com eficácia plenamente retroativa, alçando-a a princípio constitucional implícito a ser oposto contra o ato inconstitucional. Entretanto, tal como em outros ordenamentos jurídicos, por vezes, a prevalência da retroatividade absoluta, mediante exclusão ab initio da norma inconstitucional do sistema e possibilidade de desconstituição da integralidade dos atos pretéritos de execução nela fundados, apresentou-se solução insatisfatória e colidente com outros princípios constitucionais. Avistada como técnica de solução à propalada antinomia entre normas constitucionais, a dissertação dedica-se a discorrer sobre a modulação temporal dos efeitos do provimento jurisdicional de controle de constitucionalidade. Sistematizada em quatro capítulos, pretende a dissertação expor em seus aspectos estático e dinâmico a técnica da modulação temporal dos efeitos da decisão de inconstitucionalidade (capítulos II e III), bem como os fundamentos sobre os quais o instituto se erige (capítulo I) e os desdobramentos críticos que o assunto suscita (capítulo IV). O estudo foi realizado com base em doutrina, disposições legislativas e posições jurisprudenciais, ocorrentes tanto em solo pátrio, como no exterior. Dentre as principais conclusões alcançadas em decorrência do estudo do tema, alocadas em espaço próprio, pode-se apontar que a utilização da técnica com o escopo de preservar efeitos pretéritos da lei declarada inconstitucional havidos no plano normado (ex tunc mitigada e ex nunc) resguarda a supremacia da Constituição e observa o campo legítimo de atuação delimitado ao exercício do Poder Judiciário; ao revés, a modulação temporal pro futuro assegurada por normas infraconstitucionais no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro descamba em inaceitável ativismo judicial (exercício desautorizado de função legislativa), ao manter a vigência da lei ou ato normativo declarado inconstitucional e ensejar alteração da própria ordem normativa. Ao final, empenhou-se em realizar um tímido prognóstico do desenvolvimento do tema versado, primeiramente perante a práxis do Direito e, após, perante o âmbito acadêmico. / Fortemente influenzato dalla concezione nordamericana fin dalla sua impostazione nel periodo repubblicano, il sistema brasiliano di controllo giurisdizionale ha accolto la sanzione di nullità con efficacia pienamente retroattiva, innalzandola a principio costituzionale implicito opponibile allatto incostituzionale. Tuttavia, così come in altri ordinamenti giuridici, talvolta, la prevalenza della retroattività assoluta mediante lesclusione ab initio della norma incostituzionale del sistema e la possibilità di invalidare la totalità degli atti passati di esecuzione fondati su di essa, si è dimostrata una soluzione insoddisfacente e collidente con altri principi costituzionali. Vista come metodo di soluzione per la presunta antinomia tra norme costituzionali, la tecnica discussa nella dissertazione è dedicata a discutere la modulazione temporale degli effetti del provvedimento giurisdizionale degli atti giudiziari. Sistematizzata in quattro capitoli, la dissertazione si propone di esporre nei suoi aspetti statici e dinamici la tecnica di modulazione temporale degli effetti della decisione di incostituzionalità (capitoli II e III), così come i fondamenti su cui è costruito listituto (capitolo I) e gli sviluppi critici suscitati dall´argomento (capitolo IV). Lo studio si basa sulla dottrina, disposizioni legislative e posizioni giurisprudenziali che si verificano sia nel Paese, sia allestero. Tra le principali conclusioni raggiunte a seguito dello studio del soggetto e sistemate in uno spazio proprio, si può segnalare che luso della tecnica in questione allo scopo di preservare gli effetti preteriti della legge dichiarata incostituzionale e occorsi nel piano normativo (ex tunc mitigata e ex nunc) protegge la supremazia della Costituzione e osserva il legittimo campo di azione delimitato allesercizio del potere giudiziario; all´inverso, la modulazione temporale pro futuro assicurata da norme infracostituzionali nel sistema giuridico brasiliano discende in un inaccettabile attivismo giudiziario (esercizio abusivo della funzione legislativa), quando mantiene la vigenza della legge o atto normativo dichiarato incostituzionale e dà luogo allalterazione dell´ordine normativo stesso. Finalmente, lo studio, ha cercato di rendere un timido pronostico dello sviluppo del tema versato, in primo luogo dinanzi alla pratica delle legge, e in seguito nell´ambito accademico.

Cette thèse a pour objectif spécifique d’explorer les événements précoces pouvant être à l’origine du bourgeonnement aberrant des fibres moussues (FM) du gyrus denté, une réorganisation majeure dans l’Epilepsie du Lobe Tempora (ELT). Nous avons utilisé le modèle pilocarpine d’ELT chez le rat afin de montrer que la transmission GABAergique jouait un rôle prépondérant dans la formation des FM aberrantes au cours de l’épileptogenèse. Ceci étant due à une altération de l’homéostasie chlore, suite à une augmentation de l’expression du co-transporteur NKCC1 et une diminution du co-transporteur KCC2. Nos résultats ont démontré que le récepteur aux neurotrophines p75NTR était un médiateur de l’action trophique de la réponse GABAergique dépolarisante sur le bourgeonnement aberrant des FM. Le blocage de l’action dépolarisante de la transmission GABAergique via l’utilisation de la bumétanide, a permis de réduire le bourgeonnement aberrant des MF en réduisant l’expression de p75NTR. Enfin, l’application transitoire de la bumétanide au cours de l’épileptogenèse a abouti à la réduction du nombre de crises récurrentes et spontanées au cours de la phase chronique d’ELT chez le rat. Ce travail a permis de dévoiler les mécanismes moléculaires sous-jacents de la réorganisation du réseau neuronal glutamatergique consécutif à une crise inaugurale dans un modèle d’ELT. Dans l'ensemble, cette thèse apporte un éclairage nouveau sur l’importance de l’interaction de la signalisation GABAergique avec les neurotrophines afin d’orchestrer la plasticité réactive au sein de l’hippocampe dans TLE. / The present dissertation undertakes to investigate the early triggering events of the mossy fiber sprouting (MFS) in the dentate gyrus, a hallmark of hippocampal reactive plasticity in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy (TLE). We used the rat pilocarpine model of TLE to show that altered GABAA receptor-mediated transmission play a key role in the formation of early ectopic MFS during epileptogenesis. This is likely due to a compromised chloride homeostasis, as a result of increased expression of chloride loader NKCC1 and downregulation of the neuronal chloride extruder KCC2. We next addressed the mechanistic action of depolarizing GABAAR responses with regard to neurotrophin signaling. Our findings uncovered that the pan neurotrophin receptor p75 (p75NTR) mediated the sculpting action of depolarizing GABAAR responses on the ectopic MFS. Blockade of depolarizing GABAAR responses using the loop diuretic bumetanide reduced abnormal p75NTR subsequently decreased the ectopic MFS. Finally, transitory application of bumetanide during epileptogenesis resulted in reduction of spontaneous and recurrent seizures during the chronic phase of TLE. The rationale of this work is that unveiling the molecular mechanisms underlying the hippocampal post-seizure glutamatergic network rewiring will help to drive future novel therapeutic avenues involving chloride homeostasis and neurotrophin interplay. Overall, this dissertation shed a new light on how GABAergic transmission and neurotrophin signaling crosstalk can orchestrate reactive hippocampal plasticity in TLE.

Ontology-based data access (OBDA) augments classical query answering in databases by including domain knowledge provided by an ontology. An ontology captures the terminology of an application domain and describes domain knowledge in a machine-processable way. Formal ontology languages additionally provide semantics to these specifications. Systems for OBDA thus may apply logical reasoning to answer queries; they use the ontological knowledge to infer new information, which is only implicitly given in the data. Moreover, they usually employ the open-world assumption, which means that knowledge not stated explicitly in the data or inferred is neither assumed to be true nor false. Classical OBDA regards the knowledge however only w.r.t. a single moment, which means that information about time is not used for reasoning and hence lost; in particular, the queries generally cannot express temporal aspects. We investigate temporal query languages that allow to access temporal data through classical ontologies. In particular, we study the computational complexity of temporal query answering regarding ontologies written in lightweight description logics, which are known to allow for efficient reasoning in the atemporal setting and are successfully applied in practice. Furthermore, we present a so-called rewritability result for ontology-based temporal query answering, which suggests ways for implementation. Our results may thus guide the choice of a query language for temporal OBDA in data-intensive applications that require fast processing, such as context recognition.

Most of the research on temporalized Description Logics (DLs) has concentrated on the case where temporal operators can occur within DL concept descriptions. In this setting, reasoning usually becomes quite hard if rigid roles, i.e., roles whose interpretation does not change over time, are available. In this paper, we consider the case where temporal operators are allowed to occur only in front of DL axioms (i.e., ABox assertions and general concept inclusion axioms), but not inside of concepts descriptions. As the temporal component, we use linear temporal logic (LTL) and in the DL component we consider the basic DL ALC. We show that reasoning in the presence of rigid roles becomes considerably simpler in this setting.

Often the addition of metric operators to qualitative temporal logics leads to an increase of the complexity of satisfiability by at least one exponential. In this paper, we exhibit a number of metric extensions of qualitative temporal logics of the real line that do not lead to an increase in computational complexity. The main result states that the language obtained by extending since/until logic of the real line with the operators 'sometime within n time units', n coded in binary, is PSpace-complete even without the finite variability assumption. Without qualitative temporal operators the complexity of this language turns out to depend on whether binary or unary coding of parameters is assumed: it is still PSpace-hard under binary coding but in NP under unary coding.

L'imagerie en tenseur de diffusion (DTI) permet de fournir un complément d'informations quantitatives au niveau tissulaire et sur le suivi des fibres de substance blanche. Elle nous a permis d'explorer chez des patients atteints d'épilepsie du lobe temporal (TLE) des anomalies cérébrales non détectables par les techniques d'imagerie conventionnelles. Dans ce travail de thèse nous avons combiné deux méthodes computationnelles s'appuyant l'une sur l'extraction d'informations dans des régions d'intérêts localisées et l'autre sur des mesures effectuées (moyennées) le long des fibres de substance blanche. L'identification de paramètres, à partir du tenseur de diffusion, a permis de mettre en évidence des modifications structurales de la substance blanche et de la substance grise, notamment au niveau des régions du système limbique (hippocampe, fornix, régions cingulaires, thalamus, amygdala). Trois groupes de sujets ont participé à cette étude : un groupe de patients atteints d'épilepsie du lobe temporal avec sclérose hippocampique (TLE+HS), un groupe de patients sans lésion visible sur l'IRM conventionnelle (TLE-HS) et un groupe de sujets volontaires. Les résultats obtenus ont montré des anomalies significatives dans les régions analysées chez les patients TLE-HS, différentes des celles retrouvées chez les patients TLE+HS. Les indices de tenseur de diffusion retenus ont permis de mettre en évidence une désorganisation structurale des régions du système limbique chez les patients TLE, spécialement dans le groupe sans lésion visible sur l'IRM conventionnelle / Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) can provide quantitative information of brain abnormalities in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). This technique allowed us to explore brain abnormalities that are not detectable with conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).In this thesis we combined two computational methods: the first is based on information extraction from regions of interest and the second is based on measurements (averaged) along the white matter fibers. The identification of parameters from diffusion tensor has highlighted structural changes in the white matter and gray matter, particularly in the limbic system regions (hippocampus, fornix, cingulate regions, thalamus, amygdala). Three subject groups participated on this study: a patients group with temporal lobe epilepsy and a hippocampal sclerosis (TLE+HS), a patients group with TLE and normal conventional MRI (TLE-HS) and a healthy controls group. The results showed significant abnormalities in the analysed regions in patients with TLE-HS, different from those found in patients with TLE + HS. The selected diffusion tensor indices allowed us to highlight the structural disorganization of limbic system regions in patients with TLE, especially in patients with normal conventional MRI

Parmi les patients souffrant d'épilepsie, particulièrement du lobe temporal (ELT), 30% restent résistants aux médicaments malgré l'administration optimale des traitements pharmacologiques. Le caractère imprédictible des crises est l’un des aspects les plus invalidants de la maladie. De plus, les troubles dépressifs et anxieux sont des comorbidités psychiatriques fréquemment associées à l’épilepsie et impactent encore plus négativement la qualité de vie que les crises. Les approches par biofeedback, ont démontré leur efficacité dans le contrôle des crises. Une thérapie par biofeedback sur la conductance cutanée (GSR biofeedback) a montré son efficacité sur les symptômes psychiatriques. Cependant, les mécanismes sous-tendant l’efficacité sur ces symptômes restent peu connus. L’objectif de cette thèse est de mieux comprendre ces mécanismes. Deux pistes sont explorées : une physiologique dans laquelle il existerait un effet direct du GSR biofeedback sur la régulation physiologique des émotions ; une attentionnelle, dans laquelle il y aurait un effet indirect de l’entraînement sur le contrôle de l’attention. Les études menées ont permis de montrer que les patients avec ELT présentent des réponses électrodermales aux émotions plus faibles que des témoins, mais qu'elles ne sont pas plus élevées après des séances de GSR biofeedback. En revanche, l’amélioration des symptômes anxieux et dépressifs est liée à des modifications du traitement attentionnel des informations menaçantes. Le GSR biofeedback en améliorant le contrôle attentionnel induirait une diminution de la vigilance face à la menace, conduisant à une réduction de la vulnérabilité émotionnelle chez ces patients. / Among patients with epilepsy, particularly temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), 30% remain drug-resistant despite optimal administration of pharmacological treatments. The unpredictability of seizures is one of the most disabling aspects of the disease. In addition, depressive and anxiety disorders are psychiatric comorbidities frequently associated with epilepsy and have a greater negative impact on quality of life than seizures. Biofeedback approaches have been shown to be effective in controlling seizures. A biofeedback therapy on skin conductance (GSR biofeedback) has shown its efficacy on psychiatric symptoms. However, the mechanisms underlying this efficacy remain poorly understood. The objective of this thesis is to better understand these mechanisms. Two tracks are explored: a physiological one in which there is a direct effect of GSR biofeedback on the physiological regulation of emotions; an attentional one, in which there would be an indirect effect of the training on the control of attention. The studies presented have shown that TLE patients have weaker electrodermal responses than controls but that they are not higher after GSR biofeedback sessions. In contrast, the improvement of anxiety and depressive symptoms is related to changes in the attentional processing of threatening information. GSR biofeedback by improving attentional control would lead to a decrease in alertness to threat, leading to a reduction in emotional vulnerability in these patients.

La phénoménologie, portant à l’expression une intuition eidétique de la spécificité de l’expérience musicale nourrie de la pratique quotidienne de l’instrument et de la fréquentation des œuvres du répertoire classique, doit pouvoir exercer, dans le dialogue avec les neurosciences, une double fonction : critique et positive. D’une part, elle est un révélateur des erreurs de catégorie des récents programmes de réduction de la musique, tantôt aux émotions de base, tantôt à la structure dynamique de la perception du temps, tantôt à un langage de communication non verbale. D’autre part, elle nous a servi à réorienter la recherche vers les conditions neurophysiologiques de l’immersion dans l’univers spirituel de Brahms (et des autres compositeurs) par projection intropathique d’une auto-affection kinesthésique, mettant l’écoute mélomane en résonance avec les tensions et relaxations musculaires du corps musicien accomplissant les gestes producteurs du «son musical». L’auteure, pianiste et chef d’orchestre, retirant l’enseignement philosophique de sa participation à l’équipe de neurophysiologistes du professeur Fadiga de l’Université de Ferrare, dont les travaux ont abouti à la publication d’un critère quantitatif de la «driving force» du chef d’orchestre applicable au jugement esthétique, pose les fondements d’une nouvelle eidétique kinesthésique de l’incarnation, l’empathie, l’intersubjectivité et la noématique musicale. L’anticipation, propriété fondamentale du vivant pour le physiologiste, la protention, structure de distensio animi de la conscience du temps pour le philosophe, sont à la base d’un principe technique intuitivement connu des grands chefs d’orchestre. / By giving expression to an eidetic intuition of the specificity of musical experience enriched by the daily practice of the instrument and familiarity with works from the classical repertoire, phenomenology, in its dialogue with the neurosciences, has to be able to fulfill a double function: both critical and positive. On the one hand, it brings to light the category mistakes inherent in recent programs seeking to reduce music either to basic emotions or else to the dynamic structure of the perception of time or again, to a non-verbal language of communication. On the other hand, it has made it possible for us to reorient ongoing research in the direction of an investigation of the neurophysiological conditions underlying the immersion into the spiritual universe of Brahms (and other composers), and this by way of an intropathic projection of a kinaesthetic auto-affection, establishing a resonance between the music-lovers auditive appreciation and the muscular tensions and relaxations of the musician body accomplishing the gestures productive of his ‘musical sound’. The author, a pianist and orchestral conductor, wants to lay the foundations for an eidetic investigation of our kinaesthetic experience of embodiment, of empathy, of intersubjectivity and of a musical noematics. The present work draws the philosophical lessons of her participation in a team of neurophysiologists, led by Professor Fadiga of the University of Ferrara, whose work led to the recent publication of a quantitative criterion of the driving force of conducting applicable to aesthetic judgment. Anticipation, one of the most fundamental properties of all living being for the physiologist, along with distensio animi, the structure of time consciousness for the philosopher, both lie at the root of a technical principle intuitively comprehended by the world’s great orchestral conductors.