This study is in two parts, separate and distinctive, yet interconnected. It is concerned with black young people, bom in Croydon, whose parents and grandparents were born in the Caribbean or who were socialised as Caribbeans. It seeks to generate a theory of how being black and bom in Britain creates intergenerational tensions which transcend those of "normal" adolescent relationships and how this affects their membership of 'main-stream' society. Part A, is an Institution Focused Study which examines the efficacy of the grounded theory approach as a suitable methodology for an ethnographic study of British-born black young people, necessitating in-depth interviewing both of the young people themselves and adults of their parents' and grandparents' generations. The Institution Focused Study explains the background to the research including the interest of the researcher in this topic. It charts the conditions which black young people face in a white-dominated and inherently racist society and highlights the paucity of research on this issue. It examines the grounded theory approach, suggesting that its suitability arises from its similarity to the youth work practitioner's style of operation and devises an appropriate research design to ensure that sufficient subjects are recruited and interviewed to provide information-rich data to be collected and analysed. It concludes that this method, when applied with scientific rigour, will produce sufficient data to enable both substantive theories and a more formal theory of British-born black young people to be generated. Part B constitutes the main study. After a brief introduction a discussion on Adolescence is provided to contextualise the study in view of the varying and rapid changes occurring in this period of human development. The study returns to the question of the research design and considers how information-rich data is to be gathered, and how subjects will be recruited and interviewed for which It provides an interviewer prompt sheet. An analysis of the data is then offered, grouped into the categories which have emerged and been developed as the study unfurled. Discussion then centres around the subjects 'own stories' together with other theories and research. The findings are summarised leading to a number of substantive theories which then are synthesised into a formal theory of British-born black young people. This suggests that they suffer a sense of cultural anomie denying them a necessary, new and distinctive identity as emerging black British citizens. The study raises the implications of this for the future work of the Croydon Youth Development Trust before offering a foot-note on methodology; a reflection on the grounded theory approach and its suitability to this type of ethnographic research.

Bonus and commission schemes are common practice among firms as an incentive for the salesforce. Despite the growing body of literature on value co-creation and the practical relevance, it remains unknown how these management tools relate to each other. There is a gap in research on conflict theory but it is argued that they derive from a paradox. The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of bonus and commission schemes and the potential tensions and conflicts that are caused by different paradoxes. It shows an exploration of how these paradoxes connect to value co-creation in car dealerships from a salesforce perspective. A theoretical framework is established to review the available literature. We have conducted six in-depth interviews to pursue rich qualitative data to fully grasp the dynamics of the dealership. We have found results that indicate a number of paradoxes that exist in the dealerships. We discuss that the variety of paradoxes bring tensions and conflicts forward, but also that some of the paradoxes are harmless. We also find that our respondents implicitly support value co-creation and that long-term relationships are essential. In our discussion a model is presented to present an overview.

A tese se situa no cenário de transformações das relações entre a publicidade e a sociedade, impulsionadas por questões sociais, tecnológicas e culturais. O trabalho é interessado na relação que as pessoas estabelecem com os anúncios e busca compreender como os tensionamentos entre elas e o campo publicitário têm estimulado a configuração de práticas de contestação. Os tensionamentos são um tipo de articulação motivado pelos receptores no confronto com os anúncios. O campo publicitário é o espaço social específico em que são realizadas as práticas de produção da publicidade, com lógicas, agentes e instituições determinados. As práticas de contestação são um tipo de participação das pessoas em relação à publicidade, com características específicas, realizadas na internet. Para compreender teórica e empiricamente essas práticas, são investigadas as articulações entre práticas de produção e de recepção a partir do processo comunicativo da publicidade, em uma perspectiva cultural de análise. Os estudos de recepção latino-americanos são o marco teórico central. De forma a gerar subsídios à exploração do cenário da investigação, inicialmente foi realizada uma pesquisa exploratória com entrevistas junto a especialistas no assunto, que resultou em algumas percepções sobre o tema. Para compreender a constituição histórica dos tensionamentos entre publicidade e sociedade, o trabalho traça uma narrativa sobre o campo publicitário brasileiro do início do século XX até o período atual, matizando as diferentes formas como os receptores foram sendo reconhecidos, os agentes envolvidos e os temas que suscitaram embates. A partir disso, é realizada uma análise de conteúdo qualitativa de 116 documentos de instituições do campo publicitário e de 1457 denúncias de receptores ao Conar no período de 2005 a 2015, chegando a três principais temáticas mobilizadoras dos tensionamentos: crianças e adolescentes, bebidas alcoólicas e politicamente correto. Discutidas essas temáticas, a tese explora especificamente a configuração das práticas de contestação da publicidade, através da observação sistemática das práticas no Facebook e de entrevistas com quatro receptores. A partir disso, define como essas práticas se configuram, através de três elementos: a) agência dos receptores, b) produções realizadas e c) direcionamento de suas ações. Discutindo esses elementos em relação aos três principais temas motivadores dos embates no período de 2005 a 2015, a tese aponta cinco características das práticas de contestação da publicidade: 1) são geradas e geradoras de tensionamentos, 2) são coletivas, 3) são midiáticas, 4) buscam reconhecimento e 5) têm gênero. / This doctoral dissertation arises in the scenery of transformation regarding the relations set between advertising and society, imposed by social, technological and cultural demands. Its focus is the relation people establish with advertisements and it aims to comprehend how the tensions generated between them and the advertising field have triggered contestation practices. Tensions are a type of articulation motivated by receptors, when confronted with advertisements. The advertising field is the specific social space in which practices of production of advertising are accomplished, following determined logics, agents, and institutions. Practices of contestation are a type of participation of people related to advertising, with specific characteristics, carried out in internet. In order to theoretically and empirically understand such practices, articulations among practices of production and reception, in the communicative process of advertising, are investigated, in a cultural perspective of analysis. Latin American reception studies are the central theoretical milestone. Initially, an exploratory research was carried out, including interviews with experts about the subject, resulting in some perceptions about the theme, generating subsidies to the exploration of the scenery under investigation. Aiming to understand the historical constitution of the tensions between advertising and society, this essay narrates about the Brazilian advertising field from the early Twentieth century to the present, reporting the different ways the receptors were recognized, the agents were involved and the themes that arose debates. From such starting point, a qualitative content analysis of 116 documents of institutions in the publicity field and of 1457 complaints of receptors to Conar, from 2005 to 2015, was carried out. Such analysis resulted in three main themes, which mobilized tensions: children and adolescents, alcoholic beverages and politically correct; From the discussion of such subjects, the dissertation exploits specifically the configuration of practices of contestation in advertising, through the systematic observation of practices in Facebook and interviews with four receptors. From this starting point, it defines how such practices are configured, concerning three elements: a) agency of receptors, b) accomplished productions, and c) direction of its actions. The discussion of these elements relating to the three main themes that motivated controversies, from 2005 to 2015, points out five characteristics of publicity contestation practices: 1) generate tensions and are generated by tensions, 2) are collective, 3) are media-related, 4) aim for recognition, and 5) are gender-related.

A tese se situa no cenário de transformações das relações entre a publicidade e a sociedade, impulsionadas por questões sociais, tecnológicas e culturais. O trabalho é interessado na relação que as pessoas estabelecem com os anúncios e busca compreender como os tensionamentos entre elas e o campo publicitário têm estimulado a configuração de práticas de contestação. Os tensionamentos são um tipo de articulação motivado pelos receptores no confronto com os anúncios. O campo publicitário é o espaço social específico em que são realizadas as práticas de produção da publicidade, com lógicas, agentes e instituições determinados. As práticas de contestação são um tipo de participação das pessoas em relação à publicidade, com características específicas, realizadas na internet. Para compreender teórica e empiricamente essas práticas, são investigadas as articulações entre práticas de produção e de recepção a partir do processo comunicativo da publicidade, em uma perspectiva cultural de análise. Os estudos de recepção latino-americanos são o marco teórico central. De forma a gerar subsídios à exploração do cenário da investigação, inicialmente foi realizada uma pesquisa exploratória com entrevistas junto a especialistas no assunto, que resultou em algumas percepções sobre o tema. Para compreender a constituição histórica dos tensionamentos entre publicidade e sociedade, o trabalho traça uma narrativa sobre o campo publicitário brasileiro do início do século XX até o período atual, matizando as diferentes formas como os receptores foram sendo reconhecidos, os agentes envolvidos e os temas que suscitaram embates. A partir disso, é realizada uma análise de conteúdo qualitativa de 116 documentos de instituições do campo publicitário e de 1457 denúncias de receptores ao Conar no período de 2005 a 2015, chegando a três principais temáticas mobilizadoras dos tensionamentos: crianças e adolescentes, bebidas alcoólicas e politicamente correto. Discutidas essas temáticas, a tese explora especificamente a configuração das práticas de contestação da publicidade, através da observação sistemática das práticas no Facebook e de entrevistas com quatro receptores. A partir disso, define como essas práticas se configuram, através de três elementos: a) agência dos receptores, b) produções realizadas e c) direcionamento de suas ações. Discutindo esses elementos em relação aos três principais temas motivadores dos embates no período de 2005 a 2015, a tese aponta cinco características das práticas de contestação da publicidade: 1) são geradas e geradoras de tensionamentos, 2) são coletivas, 3) são midiáticas, 4) buscam reconhecimento e 5) têm gênero. / This doctoral dissertation arises in the scenery of transformation regarding the relations set between advertising and society, imposed by social, technological and cultural demands. Its focus is the relation people establish with advertisements and it aims to comprehend how the tensions generated between them and the advertising field have triggered contestation practices. Tensions are a type of articulation motivated by receptors, when confronted with advertisements. The advertising field is the specific social space in which practices of production of advertising are accomplished, following determined logics, agents, and institutions. Practices of contestation are a type of participation of people related to advertising, with specific characteristics, carried out in internet. In order to theoretically and empirically understand such practices, articulations among practices of production and reception, in the communicative process of advertising, are investigated, in a cultural perspective of analysis. Latin American reception studies are the central theoretical milestone. Initially, an exploratory research was carried out, including interviews with experts about the subject, resulting in some perceptions about the theme, generating subsidies to the exploration of the scenery under investigation. Aiming to understand the historical constitution of the tensions between advertising and society, this essay narrates about the Brazilian advertising field from the early Twentieth century to the present, reporting the different ways the receptors were recognized, the agents were involved and the themes that arose debates. From such starting point, a qualitative content analysis of 116 documents of institutions in the publicity field and of 1457 complaints of receptors to Conar, from 2005 to 2015, was carried out. Such analysis resulted in three main themes, which mobilized tensions: children and adolescents, alcoholic beverages and politically correct; From the discussion of such subjects, the dissertation exploits specifically the configuration of practices of contestation in advertising, through the systematic observation of practices in Facebook and interviews with four receptors. From this starting point, it defines how such practices are configured, concerning three elements: a) agency of receptors, b) accomplished productions, and c) direction of its actions. The discussion of these elements relating to the three main themes that motivated controversies, from 2005 to 2015, points out five characteristics of publicity contestation practices: 1) generate tensions and are generated by tensions, 2) are collective, 3) are media-related, 4) aim for recognition, and 5) are gender-related.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2017-02-16T14:34:00Z No. of bitstreams: 1 analuciameyercordeiro.pdf: 617649 bytes, checksum: ad67b7ed6f04fd729c091fd50d81d247 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-02-20T17:43:21Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 analuciameyercordeiro.pdf: 617649 bytes, checksum: ad67b7ed6f04fd729c091fd50d81d247 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-20T17:43:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 analuciameyercordeiro.pdf: 617649 bytes, checksum: ad67b7ed6f04fd729c091fd50d81d247 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-12-05 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Este estudo tem por objetivo analisar, no contexto da Primeira República brasileira, o desenvolvimento do projeto educacional da Igreja Metodista Episcopal do Sul dos Estados Unidos na região Sudeste, enfocando, sobretudo, as tensões com o catolicismo. O momento de implantação das instituições de ensino metodistas no setor educacional brasileiro coincide com dois importantes períodos da história da Igreja Católica Apostólica Romana no Brasil: o da romanização e o da neocristandade. Em ambos os períodos as autoridades eclesiásticas católicas, visando manter a hegemonia do catolicismo na sociedade brasileira, procuraram se contrapor à difusão de correntes políticas e ideológicas consideradas heterodoxas, entre elas, o protestantismo. Sendo o metodismo uma confissão religiosa protestante que se estabeleceu no Brasil sobretudo pela influência do seu projeto educacional junto às elites liberais e progressistas brasileiras, os colégios metodistas não foram poupados da oposição da Igreja romana, seja por meio da fundação de colégios católicos, seja através dos documentos oficiais e de artigos veiculados na imprensa ultramontana. Uma vez que os metodistas pretendiam difundir no Brasil, por meio do seu projeto educacional, os valores religiosos protestantes e os valores culturais norte-americanos, visando assegurar a hegemonia ideológico-cultural da sociedade, eles reagiram à ofensiva católica, ora respondendo aos ataques sofridos, ora denunciando o não cumprimento da legislação republicana, tanto por parte das autoridades católicas como por parte das autoridades governamentais. / This study aims to analyze, in the Brazilian First Republic context, the development of the educational project of the Methodist Episcopal Church South of the United States in the southeast region, focusing, above all, the tensions towards the Catholicism. The implantation moment of the Methodist Teaching Institutions in the Brazilian educational sector coincides with two important periods in the history of the Roman Apostolic Catholic Church in Brazil: the one of Romanization and the one of Neochristianity. In both periods the Catholic ecclesiastic authorities, trying to keeps the Catholicism hegemony in the Brazilian society, sought to pit against the spread of ideological and political groups considered heterodox, among them, the Protestantism. Being the Methodism a Protestant religious confession that was established in Brazil mainly by the influence of its education project on Brazilian liberal and progressive elites, the Methodist schools were not spared by the Roman Church opposition, either through Catholic school foundation, or through the official documents and articles conveyed in the ultramountain press. Since the Methodists wanted to spread in Brazil, through its educational project, the Protestant religious values and the North American cultural values, aiming to guarantee the society ideological-cultural hegemony, they reacted against the Catholic offensive, both responding to attacks that were suffered, and denouncing the not-fulfilment of the republican legislation, not only by the Catholic authorities but also by the governmental authorities.

Este trabalho pretende analisar os dois principais festejos celebrados pelas populações ribeirinhas de Humaitá, situada no sul do estado do Amazonas. Trata-se dos festejos de Nossa Senhora da Imaculada Conceição e de Santo Antônio que ocorrem no local a respeito do qual há duas versões: uma oficial e outra de origem indígena. A primeira versão marca o lugar da fundação do município, conhecido como “Princesa do Madeira”. A rua onde acontecem os eventos leva o nome do fundador, Monteiro. A Segunda, refere-se a um tempo preexistente à fundação e ao lugar conhecido pelos Parintintin como “Porto da Anta”. A partir dessas duas versões, a investigação dos festejos como fatos sociais totais permitiu tratar de elementos liminares submersos e que remetem a regimes de troca diferenciados dessas populações. Procura-se interpretar teias de significados que se configuram nos festejos, discutindo, ao mesmo tempo, tensões sociais que ali se revelam. Os festejos de Santo Antônio e da Imaculada Conceição são homenagens aos padroeiros do município. Todos os anos, esses santos recebem formas de agradecimento pelos benefícios atendidos e pela renovação dos laços de parentesco e de compadrio. Esses dois festejos coincidem com a entrada das estações amazônicas, relacionando-se, portanto, ao modo de vida do campesinato amazônida. / This work intends to analize the two principal festivities of the peasant populations which live on the shores of the Madeira River in Humaitá, State of Amazonas. It concerns the festivities of Nossa Senhora da Imaculada Conceição and of Santo Antônio. Two versions deal with the origins of the location on which the festivities occur: one official, another indigenous. The first version is an account of the foundation of the municipality, the "Princess of the Madeira". The second refers to a time prior to the foundation, when the location was known as the "Porto da Anta" by the indigenous Parintintin. Assuming these two versions as starting points, this research investigates the festivities as total social facts. Liminal elements, which are detected in the festivities, permit us to discuss different regimes of exchange which are significant to the populations which take part in the festivities. The attempt is made to interpret webs of meaning which emerge during the festivities, as well as the social tensions which are there revealed. By means of these festivities, homage every year these saints become the recipients of expressions of gratitude for the benefits bestowed on the population and for the renewal of blood and spiritual kinship relations. These two festivities coincide with the beginnings of seasonal cycles of the Amazon, and are deeply related to the daily lives of peasants populations of the region.

Metaphorically, the idiom “you cannot have your cake and eat it too” describes fundamental tensions at the heart of today’s organizations. Engaging tensions may seem implausible or even impossible. However, there exists evidence, given the increasingly complex environment, that both are vital to organizational success. To succeed, therefore, requires that organizations be able to manage, embrace, and transcend tensions. Consequently, the overall purpose of this thesis is to advance our understanding of tensions in general, and in creativity-based contexts in particular. The purpose is achieved through five self-contained yet complementary papers. The conceptual parts, which resulted in three papers, include a literature review on tensions, from which inspirations and ideas from different disciplines have been drawn in order to add value to the literature specifically addressing tensions. In parallel with this conceptual work, I explore tensions (a paradox, to be specific) in a specific context (architecture), an effort that results in two papers. Consequently, in the conceptual work, I focus on what “could be,” while in the empirical work I focus on “what is.” The findings highlight that first, theorizing about tensions calls for conceptual clarity. This was accomplished by identifying and then assembling core features that scholars use to conceptualize tensions. In doing so, the thesis contributes to the ways in which tensions are “represented” by reducing confusion and by making the assumptions behind tensions clear. Second, the thesis establishes that dealing with tensions productively requires a shift from thinking (and doing) based on a contingency approach towards contemporary approaches. Given the nature of the empirical context and the challenges therein, a true shift of this order necessitates framing tensions as paradoxes. In the same vein, the thesis indicates the need to rethink the central question; currently, that question is predominantly “how can we accommodate both A and B?” Given the nature of the empirical context, the question can be shifted to “why not C?” Doing so breaks away from focusing on the existing competing options and turns the focus towards something new. Moreover, dealing with tensions through this lens prevents neutralizing them and settling for a bland halfway point between one extreme and the other. Third, the thesis challenges the taken-for-granted assumption in the literature that dealing with tensions as paradoxes necessitates temporal compromise, separation, or resolution. In the thesis, I argue that dealing with paradoxes is possible without separating. This is so because simultaneously engaging paradoxes allows organizations to tap their energy and opens up new possibilities. In this case, the thesis contributes to the literature by empirically studying architectural firms. This empirical study shows that dealing with paradoxes requires an intricate interplay between what I call paradoxical mindsets and practices—which comprise organization members’ emotions, cognition, and behaviors—and organizational conditions that embed such mindsets and practices into the organization’s system. Fourth, the thesis makes a point that not all tensions require an action move. Accordingly, the thesis establishes that dealing with paradoxes may not necessarily entail action moves but rather a space to engage in dialogue so as to connect opposites, move outside of them, and situate them in a new relationship. In doing so, the presence of tension is appreciated and complementarity is sought. That is, the challenge is to be able to embrace paradoxes and not to resolve them. The thesis concludes that although it is challenging to tap the power of paradoxes, it is not impossible. This thesis shows that this goal can be accomplished by accepting that paradoxes are normal, and then seeking to transcend them. In so doing, organizations can unleash the “slices of genius” in their members.

This thesis investigates the use of action research and activity theory to promote the professional development of teachers in an Icelandic upper secondary school. The purpose of the research was to develop a new model to foster professional development through enhancing the participants’ agency to transform their practice. It was carried out with an action research group of twenty-one school professionals and an outside consultant. The group’s aim was to find ways to increase students’ sense of responsibility for their studies. The project combined the ideas behind the Change Laboratory, one of the methods of developmental work research established by Engeström and action research as elaborated by McNiff. I termed our approach the Change Room. There activity theory and the theory of expansive learning provided the participants with a conceptual framework, historical analysis and tools to analyse what changes might be appropriate in our classroom practice. The action research provided the participants with the method and tools to guide the participants when carrying out and evaluating these changes. The research focus was on tensions the participants experienced in their classroom practice. Through creative resolutions of these tensions the intention was to develop better practices and contribute to school development. The research used both action research and case study methodology. The research tools were documentary analysis, interviews, surveys, research diary and observations. The findings were analysed using deductive process based on activity theory. The teachers experienced tensions in their classroom practice between students’ active and passive learning, didactic and dialogic teaching methods, and the requirement to cover the syllabus and to promote deep learning. To resolve these tensions the teachers have developed teaching practices that enhanced active student learning and given more weight to the students’ voices. Participation in the action research group enhanced both individual and collective learning of the school professionals. Their agency to change practice was increased and they also developed more cross curriculum agency. The combination of activity theory and action research in the Change Room provides a new model for enhancing teachers’ professional development and collaboration that has potential to transform classroom practice.

Background: Due to the commercialization of football, clubs have put more focus on management in general, and stakeholder management in particular. Despite this, research on stakeholder management in football is in its infancy. Therefore, little is known about how football clubs manage their stakeholders that also possess unique characteristics. Furthermore, these characteristics are more prevalent in Swedish football because of the ownership structure that allows the stakeholder to possess multiple roles at once. Thus, Swedish football was selected as the area to study, as the unique features of Swedish football provide interesting implications.  Purpose: The purpose of this study is to explore the concept of stakeholder management in Swedish football. This study aims to understand the managerial implications that arise when managing stakeholders in Swedish football, how tensions are managed, and how to keep stakeholders satisfied.  Method: In order to fulfill the purpose of this thesis, a qualitative multiple case study approach was adopted since the nature of the study is exploratory. Through twelve semi-structured interviews, empirical data was gathered. This study adopted an inductive approach, and the data were analyzed using thematic analysis.  Conclusion: This study has found that tensions are managed through the use of good communication tools, as well as the building of relationships. These relationships later affect the level of influence stakeholders have on the club. Furthermore, clubs keep their stakeholders satisfied by listening, being clear and transparent, having good values for the stakeholders to be proud of, as well as giving stakeholders a good return on their investment. These findings emerged into a suggested framework that displays the relationship between the different aspects of stakeholder management in football.

Dans le cadre du projet d’avion plus électrique entamé depuis quelques années, l’objectif visé est le remplacement des énergies hydraulique et pneumatique par l’énergie électrique. Cette transition technologique drastique nécessite une augmentation de puissance électrique à bord des avions, qui se traduit par une élévation des niveaux de tension du réseau embarqué (+/- 270 VDC et 230 VAC). Dans ces conditions, les phénomènes de décharges électriques doivent être considérés, en particulier pour les systèmes présents dans les zones non pressurisées des appareils. Les travaux de thèse ont porté sur l’étude des décharges partielles dans des connecteurs aéronautiques aujourd’hui exploités et susceptibles d’être mis en oeuvre dans les nouvelles conditions de tension. Une modélisation électrostatique du connecteur a été effectuée dans le but de mettre en évidence les zones où règne un fort champ électrique pouvant être à l’origine de l’apparition de décharges partielles. L’influence de paramètres, tels que la géométrie des conducteurs, la pression et la température, a été examinée d’un point de vue théorique par adaptation de la courbe de Paschen. Des mesures expérimentales, effectuées dans différentes conditions d’alimentation électrique, de pression, de température et d’état de vieillissement des connecteurs, ont permis de déterminer les tensions seuil d’apparition des décharges partielles. Ces mesures ont également permis de localiser les décharges au sein du connecteur, et ainsi d’identifier les points faibles de la structure. Des solutions visant à repousser les seuils d’apparition de décharges partielles sont alors proposées. / The objective of the more electrical aircraft project is the replacement certain of the hydraulic and pneumatic systems by electrical ones. This drastic technological transition will require the increase of the onboard electrical power, which will result in the increase of voltage levels of the embedded networks. Current systems of 28 VDC and 115 VAC (400 Hz) are to be replaced by +/- 270 VDC and 230 VAC (360 to 1000 Hz). These new conditions of voltage levels will have a significant impact on the appearance of partial discharges that were almost absent up until present. Aeronautical grade electrical connectors being one of the major elements of embedded networks, the aim of this thesis is to study the conditions of occurrence of partial discharges in them. In this work, electrostatic modeling is carried out in order to identify the zones within the connectors where there is a strong electric field facilitating the appearance of partial discharges. Also presented are the results of experiments under both DC and AC voltage in which the ignition voltages of partial discharges and their location within the structure of the connector were studied.