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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
41

Techniques to facilitate symbolic execution of real-world programs

Anand, Saswat 11 May 2012 (has links)
The overall goal of this research is to reduce the cost of software development and improve the quality of software. Symbolic execution is a program-analysis technique that is used to address several problems that arise in developing high-quality software. Despite the fact that the symbolic execution technique is well understood, and performing symbolic execution on simple programs is straightforward, it is still not possible to apply the technique to the general class of large, real-world software. A symbolic-execution system can be effectively applied to large, real-world software if it has at least the two features: efficiency and automation. However, efficient and automatic symbolic execution of real-world programs is a lofty goal because of both theoretical and practical reasons. Theoretically, achieving this goal requires solving an intractable problem (i.e., solving constraints). Practically, achieving this goal requires overwhelming effort to implement a symbolic-execution system that can precisely and automatically symbolically execute real-world programs. This research makes three major contributions. 1. Three new techniques that address three important problems of symbolic execution. Compared to existing techniques, the new techniques * reduce the manual effort that may be required to symbolically execute those programs that either generate complex constraints or parts of which cannot be symbolically executed due to limitations of a symbolic-execution system. * improve the usefulness of symbolic execution (e.g., expose more bugs in a program) by enabling discovery of more feasible paths within a given time budget. 2. A novel approach that uses symbolic execution to generate test inputs for Apps that run on modern mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets. 3. Implementations of the above techniques and empirical results obtained from applying those techniques to real-world programs that demonstrate their effectiveness.
42

Vienetų testų generavimo metodo Android aplikacijoms testuoti realizavimas ir tyrimas / Implementation and research of unit tests generation method for testing Android applications

Babenskas, Egidijus 31 October 2013 (has links)
Tobulėjant išmaniesiems telefonams ir jų techninėms galimybėms bei didėjant jų pardavimams Lietuvoje ir pasaulyje, kuriamos aplikacijos tampa sudėtingesnės ir funkcionalesnės, tačiau kokybės problema vis dar išlieka skaudžia programinės įrangos kūrimo dalimi. Šiuo metu iš visų parduodamų išmaniųjų telefonų apie 50% parduodami su Android operacine sistema. Matant Android OS programų vis didėjantį poreikį rinkoje ir jų populiarumą bei panagrinėjus esamą rinką ir pamačius, jog testavimo įrankių, skirtų testuoti Android aplikacijas, beveik nėra, buvo nuspręsta, jog reikalingas vienetų testų generavimo sprendimas pritaikytas testuoti Android aplikacijas. Šio darbo pagrindinis tikslas ir yra pateikti vienetų testų generavimo sprendimą skirtą Android OS aplikacijos testuoti, jį realizuoti bei pagrįsti eksperimentiškai. Darbe siūlomas vienetų testų generavimo metodas, kuris remiasi atsitiktiniu generavimu, naudoja OCL apribojimus bei regresinio testavimo principus. Taip pat yra suderinamas su Google kompanijos teikiamu ADT įskiepiu ir Android SDK priemonėmis. Įrankis sukurtas kaip Eclipse programavimo aplinkos įskiepis. Pasiūlyto vienetų testų generavimo sprendimo efektyvumas įrodomas eksperimentiniu tyrimu. Šio eksperimento metu buvo testuojamos 4 aplikacijos. Naudojantis įrankiu vidutiniškai sugautų mutantų skaičius yra 75%. Mažiausia reikšmė yra 69%, o didžiausia – 88%. Vidutiniškai pasiekiamas 85% kodo eilučių padengimas. Mažiausia reikšmė yra 72%, o didžiausia padengimo... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / With the development of smart phones and their technical capabilities and increase of their sales in Lithuania and the world applications become more complex and have more functionality, but the issue of quality remains a painful part of the development of software. Currently 50% out of all smart phones are sold with Android operating system. Having an increasing demand and popularity of Android OS applications in the market, as well as having researched the current market and seen that there is a lack of testing tools to test Android applications, it has been decided that a solution generating unit tests is needed to test Android applications. The main goal of this work is to provide unit test generation solution for the Android OS application testing, implementation and validate it experimentally. This work proposes a method generating unit tests based on random generation, using OCL constraints and regression testing principles. It is compatible with Google plug-in ADT and Android SDK tools. The tool is designed as a plugin in Eclipse development environment. Efficiency of the proposed decision of generating unit tests is proved by experimental study. During this study four applications were tested. Using the tool the average of catched mutants is 75%. The minimum value is 69%, while the highest - 88%. On average coverage of code lines is achieved by 85%. The minimum value is 72% and the maximum value of coverage - 97%.
43

Pseudofunctional Delay Tests For High Quality Small Delay Defect Testing

Lahiri, Shayak 2011 December 1900 (has links)
Testing integrated circuits to verify their operating frequency, known as delay testing, is essential to achieve acceptable product quality. The high cost of functional testing has driven the industry to automatically-generated structural tests, applied by low-cost testers taking advantage of design-for-test (DFT) circuitry on the chip. Traditional at-speed functional testing of digital circuits is increasingly challenged by new defect types and the high cost of functional test development. This research addressed the problems of accurate delay testing in DSM circuits by targeting resistive open and short circuits, while taking into account manufacturing process variation, power dissipation and power supply noise. In this work, we developed a class of structural delay tests in which we extended traditional launch-on-capture delay testing to additional launch and capture cycles. We call these Pseudofunctional Tests (PFT). A test pattern is scanned into the circuit, and then multiple functional clock cycles are applied to it with at-speed launch and capture for the last two cycles. The circuit switching activity over an extended period allows the off-chip power supply noise transient to die down prior to the at-speed launch and capture, achieving better timing correlation with the functional mode of operation. In addition, we also proposed advanced compaction methodologies to compact the generated test patterns into a smaller test set in order to reduce the test application time. We modified our CodGen K longest paths per gate automatic test pattern generator to implement PFT pattern generation. Experimental results show that PFT test generation is practical in terms of test generation time.
44

Gera??o de testes a partir de gram?ticas: ?reas de aplica??o

Ramalho, Viviane de Menezes 13 December 2013 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:48:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 VivianeMR_DISSERT.pdf: 1295596 bytes, checksum: 1bb5688145cd1ce7005121d9de48c246 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-12-13 / The work proposed by Cleverton Hentz (2010) presented an approach to define tests from the formal description of a program s input. Since some programs, such as compilers, may have their inputs formalized through grammars, it is common to use context-free grammars to specify the set of its valid entries. In the original work the author developed a tool that automatically generates tests for compilers. In the present work we identify types of problems in various areas where grammars are used to describe them , for example, to specify software configurations, which are potential situations to use LGen. In addition, we conducted case studies with grammars of different domains and from these studies it was possible to evaluate the behavior and performance of LGen during the generation of sentences, evaluating aspects such as execution time, number of generated sentences and satisfaction of coverage criteria available in LGen / O trabalho proposto por Cleverton Hentz (2010) apresentou uma abordagem para defini??o de testes a partir da descri??o formal das entradas do programa. Considerando que alguns programas podem ter suas entradas formalizadas atrav?s de gram?ticas, como ? o caso dos compiladores, ? comum o uso de gram?ticas livres de contexto para especificar o conjunto de entradas v?lidas. No trabalho original foi desenvolvida LGen, uma ferramenta que consiste na gera??o autom?tica de testes para compiladores. No presente trabalho identificamos tipos de problemas recorrentes em diferentes ?reas, onde gram?ticas s?o usadas para descrev?-los, como por exemplo, para especificar configura??es de software, e que s?o situa??es potenciais para o uso de LGen. Al?m disso, realizamos estudos de caso com gram?ticas de dom?nios diferentes e a partir destes estudos foi poss?vel avaliar o comportamento e o desempenho de LGen durante o processo de gera??o das senten?as, avaliando aspectos como tempo de execu??o, quantidade de senten?as geradas e satisfa??o de crit?rios de cobertura dispon?veis em LGen
45

Análise da performance do algoritmo d / Performance analysis of D-algorithm

Dornelles, Edelweis Helena Ache Garcez January 1993 (has links)
A geração de testes para circuitos combinacionais com fan-outs recovergentes é um problema NP-completo. Com o rápido crescimento da complexidade dos circuitos fabricados, a geração de testes passou a ser um sério problema para a indústria de circuitos integrados. Muitos algoritmos de ATPG (Automatic Test Pattern Generation) baseados no algoritmo D, usam heurísticas para guiar o processo de tomada de decisão na propagação n e na justificação das constantes de forma a aumentar sua eficiencia. Existem heurísticas baseadas em medidas funcionais, estruturais e probabilísticas. Estas medidas são normalmente referidas como observabilidade e controlabilidade que fazem parte de um conceito mais geral, a testabilidade. As medidas que o algoritmo utiliza podem ser calculadas apenas uma vez, durante uma etapa de pré-processamento (medidas de testabilidade estáticas - STM's), ou dinamicamente, recalculando estas medidas durante o processamento sempre que elas forem necessárias (medidas de testabilidade dinâmicas — DTM's). Para alguns circuitos, o use de medidas dinâmicas ao invés de medidas estáticas diminui o número de backtrackings pcir vetor gerado. Apesar disto, o tempo total de CPU por vetor aumenta. Assim, as DTM's só devem ser utilizadas quando as STM's não apresentam uma boa performance. Isto pode ser feito utilizando-se as medidas estáticas ate um certo número de backtrackings. Se o padrão de teste não for encontrado, então medidas dinâmicas são utilizadas. Entretanto, a necessário ainda buscar formas de melhorar o processo dinâmico, diminuindo o custo computacional. A proposta original do calculo das DTM's apresenta algumas técnicas, baseadas em selective tracing, com o objetivo de reduzir o custo computacional. Este trabalho analisa o use combinado de heurísticas e propõe técnicas alternativas, na forma das heurísticas de recalculo parcial e recalculo de linhas não free, que visam minimizar o overhead do calculo das DTM's. E proposta ainda a técnica de Pré-implicação que transfere a complexidade do algoritmo para a memória. Isto é feito através de um preprocessamento que armazena informações necessárias para a geração de todos os vetores de teste. De outra forma estas informações teriam de ser calculadas na geração de cada um destes vetores. A implementação do algoritmo D com as várias heurísticas permitiu a realização de um experimento pratico. Isto possibilitou a análise quantitativa da performance do algoritmo D para vários tipos de circuitos e demonstrou a eficiência de uma das heurísticas propostas neste trabalho. / The test generation for combinational circuits that contain reconvergence is a NP-complete problem. With the rapid increase in the complexity of the fabricated circuits, the generation of test patterns poses a serious problem to the IC industry. A number of existing ATPG algorithms based on the D algorithm use heuristics to guide the decision process in the D-propagation and justification to improve the efficiency. The heuristics used by ATPG algorithm are based on structural, functional and probabilistics measures. These measures are commonly referred to as line controllability and observability and they are combined under the , more general notion of testability. The measures used by ATPG algorithms can be computed only once, during a preprocessing stage (static testability measures - STM's) or can be calculated dinamically, updating the testability measures during the test generation process (dymanic testability measures - DTM's). For some circuits, replacing STM's by DTM's decreases the average number of backtrackings per generated vector. Despite these decrease, the total CPU time per generated vector is greater when using DTM's instead of STM's. So, DTM's only must be used if the STM's don't present a good performance. This can be done by STM's until a certain number of backtrackings. If a test pattern has still not been found, then DTM's are used. Therefore, it is yet necessary to search for ways to improve the dynamic process and decrease the CPU time requirements. In the original approach some techniques for reducing the computational overhead of DTM's based on the well-know technique of selective path tracing are presented. In this work, the combined use of heuristics are analised and alternative techniques — the heuristics of partial recalculus and not free lines recalculus — are proposed. These alternative techniques were developed in order to minimize the overhead of the DTM's calculus. It is yet proposed the pre-implication technique which transfers to memory the algorithm complexity. It includes a preprocessing stage which storages all necesary informations to the generation of all test vectors. So, these informations don't need be computed in the generation of each test vector. The implementation of the D-Algorithm with diferent heuristics has possibilited a practical experiment. It was possible to analise the performance of the D-Algorithm on diferent circuit types and to demonstrate the efficiency of one of the proposed heuristics.
46

Análise da performance do algoritmo d / Performance analysis of D-algorithm

Dornelles, Edelweis Helena Ache Garcez January 1993 (has links)
A geração de testes para circuitos combinacionais com fan-outs recovergentes é um problema NP-completo. Com o rápido crescimento da complexidade dos circuitos fabricados, a geração de testes passou a ser um sério problema para a indústria de circuitos integrados. Muitos algoritmos de ATPG (Automatic Test Pattern Generation) baseados no algoritmo D, usam heurísticas para guiar o processo de tomada de decisão na propagação n e na justificação das constantes de forma a aumentar sua eficiencia. Existem heurísticas baseadas em medidas funcionais, estruturais e probabilísticas. Estas medidas são normalmente referidas como observabilidade e controlabilidade que fazem parte de um conceito mais geral, a testabilidade. As medidas que o algoritmo utiliza podem ser calculadas apenas uma vez, durante uma etapa de pré-processamento (medidas de testabilidade estáticas - STM's), ou dinamicamente, recalculando estas medidas durante o processamento sempre que elas forem necessárias (medidas de testabilidade dinâmicas — DTM's). Para alguns circuitos, o use de medidas dinâmicas ao invés de medidas estáticas diminui o número de backtrackings pcir vetor gerado. Apesar disto, o tempo total de CPU por vetor aumenta. Assim, as DTM's só devem ser utilizadas quando as STM's não apresentam uma boa performance. Isto pode ser feito utilizando-se as medidas estáticas ate um certo número de backtrackings. Se o padrão de teste não for encontrado, então medidas dinâmicas são utilizadas. Entretanto, a necessário ainda buscar formas de melhorar o processo dinâmico, diminuindo o custo computacional. A proposta original do calculo das DTM's apresenta algumas técnicas, baseadas em selective tracing, com o objetivo de reduzir o custo computacional. Este trabalho analisa o use combinado de heurísticas e propõe técnicas alternativas, na forma das heurísticas de recalculo parcial e recalculo de linhas não free, que visam minimizar o overhead do calculo das DTM's. E proposta ainda a técnica de Pré-implicação que transfere a complexidade do algoritmo para a memória. Isto é feito através de um preprocessamento que armazena informações necessárias para a geração de todos os vetores de teste. De outra forma estas informações teriam de ser calculadas na geração de cada um destes vetores. A implementação do algoritmo D com as várias heurísticas permitiu a realização de um experimento pratico. Isto possibilitou a análise quantitativa da performance do algoritmo D para vários tipos de circuitos e demonstrou a eficiência de uma das heurísticas propostas neste trabalho. / The test generation for combinational circuits that contain reconvergence is a NP-complete problem. With the rapid increase in the complexity of the fabricated circuits, the generation of test patterns poses a serious problem to the IC industry. A number of existing ATPG algorithms based on the D algorithm use heuristics to guide the decision process in the D-propagation and justification to improve the efficiency. The heuristics used by ATPG algorithm are based on structural, functional and probabilistics measures. These measures are commonly referred to as line controllability and observability and they are combined under the , more general notion of testability. The measures used by ATPG algorithms can be computed only once, during a preprocessing stage (static testability measures - STM's) or can be calculated dinamically, updating the testability measures during the test generation process (dymanic testability measures - DTM's). For some circuits, replacing STM's by DTM's decreases the average number of backtrackings per generated vector. Despite these decrease, the total CPU time per generated vector is greater when using DTM's instead of STM's. So, DTM's only must be used if the STM's don't present a good performance. This can be done by STM's until a certain number of backtrackings. If a test pattern has still not been found, then DTM's are used. Therefore, it is yet necessary to search for ways to improve the dynamic process and decrease the CPU time requirements. In the original approach some techniques for reducing the computational overhead of DTM's based on the well-know technique of selective path tracing are presented. In this work, the combined use of heuristics are analised and alternative techniques — the heuristics of partial recalculus and not free lines recalculus — are proposed. These alternative techniques were developed in order to minimize the overhead of the DTM's calculus. It is yet proposed the pre-implication technique which transfers to memory the algorithm complexity. It includes a preprocessing stage which storages all necesary informations to the generation of all test vectors. So, these informations don't need be computed in the generation of each test vector. The implementation of the D-Algorithm with diferent heuristics has possibilited a practical experiment. It was possible to analise the performance of the D-Algorithm on diferent circuit types and to demonstrate the efficiency of one of the proposed heuristics.
47

Análise da performance do algoritmo d / Performance analysis of D-algorithm

Dornelles, Edelweis Helena Ache Garcez January 1993 (has links)
A geração de testes para circuitos combinacionais com fan-outs recovergentes é um problema NP-completo. Com o rápido crescimento da complexidade dos circuitos fabricados, a geração de testes passou a ser um sério problema para a indústria de circuitos integrados. Muitos algoritmos de ATPG (Automatic Test Pattern Generation) baseados no algoritmo D, usam heurísticas para guiar o processo de tomada de decisão na propagação n e na justificação das constantes de forma a aumentar sua eficiencia. Existem heurísticas baseadas em medidas funcionais, estruturais e probabilísticas. Estas medidas são normalmente referidas como observabilidade e controlabilidade que fazem parte de um conceito mais geral, a testabilidade. As medidas que o algoritmo utiliza podem ser calculadas apenas uma vez, durante uma etapa de pré-processamento (medidas de testabilidade estáticas - STM's), ou dinamicamente, recalculando estas medidas durante o processamento sempre que elas forem necessárias (medidas de testabilidade dinâmicas — DTM's). Para alguns circuitos, o use de medidas dinâmicas ao invés de medidas estáticas diminui o número de backtrackings pcir vetor gerado. Apesar disto, o tempo total de CPU por vetor aumenta. Assim, as DTM's só devem ser utilizadas quando as STM's não apresentam uma boa performance. Isto pode ser feito utilizando-se as medidas estáticas ate um certo número de backtrackings. Se o padrão de teste não for encontrado, então medidas dinâmicas são utilizadas. Entretanto, a necessário ainda buscar formas de melhorar o processo dinâmico, diminuindo o custo computacional. A proposta original do calculo das DTM's apresenta algumas técnicas, baseadas em selective tracing, com o objetivo de reduzir o custo computacional. Este trabalho analisa o use combinado de heurísticas e propõe técnicas alternativas, na forma das heurísticas de recalculo parcial e recalculo de linhas não free, que visam minimizar o overhead do calculo das DTM's. E proposta ainda a técnica de Pré-implicação que transfere a complexidade do algoritmo para a memória. Isto é feito através de um preprocessamento que armazena informações necessárias para a geração de todos os vetores de teste. De outra forma estas informações teriam de ser calculadas na geração de cada um destes vetores. A implementação do algoritmo D com as várias heurísticas permitiu a realização de um experimento pratico. Isto possibilitou a análise quantitativa da performance do algoritmo D para vários tipos de circuitos e demonstrou a eficiência de uma das heurísticas propostas neste trabalho. / The test generation for combinational circuits that contain reconvergence is a NP-complete problem. With the rapid increase in the complexity of the fabricated circuits, the generation of test patterns poses a serious problem to the IC industry. A number of existing ATPG algorithms based on the D algorithm use heuristics to guide the decision process in the D-propagation and justification to improve the efficiency. The heuristics used by ATPG algorithm are based on structural, functional and probabilistics measures. These measures are commonly referred to as line controllability and observability and they are combined under the , more general notion of testability. The measures used by ATPG algorithms can be computed only once, during a preprocessing stage (static testability measures - STM's) or can be calculated dinamically, updating the testability measures during the test generation process (dymanic testability measures - DTM's). For some circuits, replacing STM's by DTM's decreases the average number of backtrackings per generated vector. Despite these decrease, the total CPU time per generated vector is greater when using DTM's instead of STM's. So, DTM's only must be used if the STM's don't present a good performance. This can be done by STM's until a certain number of backtrackings. If a test pattern has still not been found, then DTM's are used. Therefore, it is yet necessary to search for ways to improve the dynamic process and decrease the CPU time requirements. In the original approach some techniques for reducing the computational overhead of DTM's based on the well-know technique of selective path tracing are presented. In this work, the combined use of heuristics are analised and alternative techniques — the heuristics of partial recalculus and not free lines recalculus — are proposed. These alternative techniques were developed in order to minimize the overhead of the DTM's calculus. It is yet proposed the pre-implication technique which transfers to memory the algorithm complexity. It includes a preprocessing stage which storages all necesary informations to the generation of all test vectors. So, these informations don't need be computed in the generation of each test vector. The implementation of the D-Algorithm with diferent heuristics has possibilited a practical experiment. It was possible to analise the performance of the D-Algorithm on diferent circuit types and to demonstrate the efficiency of one of the proposed heuristics.
48

Génération automatique de tests unitaires avec Praspel, un langage de spécification pour PHP / The art of contract-based testiong in PHP with Praspel

Enderlin, Ivan 16 July 2014 (has links)
Les travaux présentés dans ce mémoire portent sur la validation de programmes PHP à travers un nouveau langage de spécification, accompagné de ses outils. Ces travaux s’articulent selon trois axes : langage de spécification, génération automatique de données de test et génération automatique de tests unitaires.La première contribution est Praspel, un nouveau langage de spécification pour PHP, basé sur la programmation par contrat. Praspel spécifie les données avec des domaines réalistes, qui sont des nouvelles structures permettant de valider etgénérer des données. À partir d’un contrat écrit en Praspel, nous pouvons faire du Contract-based Testing, c’est à dire exploiter les contrats pour générer automatiquement des tests unitaires. La deuxième contribution concerne la génération de données de test. Pour les booléens, les entiers et les réels, une génération aléatoire uniforme est employée. Pour les tableaux, un solveur de contraintes a été implémenté et utilisé. Pour les chaînes de caractères, un langage de description de grammaires avec un compilateur de compilateurs LL(⋆) et plusieurs algorithmes de génération de données sont employés. Enfin, la génération d’objets est traitée.La troisième contribution définit des critères de couverture sur les contrats.Ces derniers fournissent des objectifs de test. Toutes ces contributions ont été implémentées et expérimentées dans des outils distribués à la communauté PHP. / The works presented in this memoir are about the validation of PHPprograms through a new specification language, along with its tools. These works follow three axes: specification language, automatic test data generation and automatic unit test generation. The first contribution is Praspel, a new specification language for PHP, based on the Design by Contract. Praspel specifies data with realistic domains, which are new structures allowing to validate and generate data. Based on a contract, we are able to perform Contract-based Testing, i.e.using contracts to automatically generate unit tests. The second contribution isabout test data generation. For booleans, integers and floating point numbers, auniform random generation is used. For arrays, a dedicated constraint solver has been implemented and used. For strings, a grammar description language along with an LL(⋆) compiler compiler and several algorithms for data generation are used. Finally, the object generation is supported. The third contribution defines contract coverage criteria. These latters provide test objectives. All these contributions are implemented and experimented into tools distributed to the PHP community.
49

Evidências sobre o uso de técnicas de geração automática de dados de teste em programas concorrentes / Evidences about the use of automatic test data generation techniques in context of concurrent programs

Vilela, Ricardo Ferreira 01 August 2016 (has links)
Diversas pesquisas apoiam e investigam o teste de programas concorrentes, as quais objetivam, principalmente, a proposição de critérios de teste e mecanismos para execução das diferentes sincronizações entre processos ou threads. As características específicas dessas aplicações podem ocasionar diferentes tipos de defeitos, os quais, em sua maioria, não são facilmente identificados. Nesse contexto, a geração automática de dados de teste pode apoiar a atividade de teste atuando na seleção de entradas mais representativas, ou seja, aquelas com maior probabilidade de revelar defeitos. Apesar disso, poucas pesquisas abordam este tema no contexto de programas concorrentes, e as existentes não consideram aspectos importantes desse tipo de aplicação. A geração de dados de teste para programas sequenciais dispõe de uma variedade de técnicas que apoiam a seleção dos dados de teste. Essas técnicas têm sido estendidas para o contexto de programas concorrentes partindo da premissa que esses programas necessitam de abordagens mais complexas para seleção de entradas, em decorrência disso um maior custo é imposto ao teste. Considerando esse contexto, uma lacuna ainda em aberto é a avaliação das técnicas para o cenário de programas concorrentes. Neste trabalho a avaliação das técnicas foi explorada por meio da realização de estudos experimentais, os quais avaliaram diferentes técnicas de geração de dados de teste para o contexto de programas concorrentes, considerando a eficácia em revelar defeitos, cobertura de critérios e custo para atividade de teste. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que as técnicas empregadas para programas sequenciais não atingem o mínimo esperado para este tipo aplicação. Apesar disso, as técnicas investigadas apresentaram características importantes que podem auxiliar a atividade de teste para programas concorrentes e a proposição de abordagens efetivas de geração de dados para esse contexto. / The concurrent program testing has been largely investigated with propositions of testing criteria and mechanisms, which aim mainly to testing criteria proposition and mechanisms for execution of different synchronizations. The specific characteristics of these applications can lead to the different types of faults, which, in most of cases, are not easily identified. In this context, the automatic test data generation can support the testing activity acting in selecting the most representative data tests, i.e. those most likely to reveal faults. Nevertheless, few studies address this issue in the context of concurrent programs, and the these studies do not consider important aspects of this type of application. In contrast, we can find several techniques proposed to support the test data generation for sequential programs. These techniques have been extended to the context of concurrent programs on the premise that these programs require more complex approaches for selection of test data. As a result, a greater cost for testing activity is enforced. Considering this context, a gap still open is the evaluation of techniques for the scenario of concurrent programs. In this work the evaluation of techniques was explored through experimental studies, which different techniques of test data generatoon were evaluated, considering effectiveness, testing coverage and application cost. The results showed that the generation techniques used for sequential programs used in the experimental study do not reach the minimum expected in terms of effectiveness and cost for concurrent programs. Nevertheless, the techniques investigated showed significant features that can help the proposition of effective approaches for test data generation applied to concurrent programs.
50

Automatic generation of configurable test-suites for software product lines / Geração automática de conjuntos de teste configuráveis para linhas de produto de software

Fragal, Vanderson Hafemann 28 November 2017 (has links)
Software Product Line Engineering (SPLE) is an approach used in the development of similar products, which explores the systematic reuse of software artifacts. The SPLE process has several activities executed to ensure software quality. Quality assurance is of vital importance for achieving and maintaining a high quality of all kinds of artifacts, such as products and processes. Testing activities are widely used in the industry for quality management. However, the effort for applying testing is usually high, and increasing the testing efficiency is a major concern of all systems engineering activities. A common means of increasing efficiency is automation of the test execution and the test design. Automated test design can be performed using approaches such as Model-Based Testing (MBT) in which the real behavior of a software system is compared to an abstract test model. Several techniques, processes, and strategies were developed for SPLE testing, but still many problems are open in this area of research. The challenge in focus is the reduction of the overall test effort required to test SPLE products. Test effort can be reduced by maximizing test reuse using models that take advantage of the similarity between products. The thesis goal is to automate the generation of small test-suites with high fault detection and low test redundancy between products. To achieve the goal, equivalent tests are identified for a set of products using complete and configurable test-suites. Two research directions are explored, one is product-based centered, and the other is product line-centered. For test design, test-suites that have full fault coverage were generated from state machines with and without feature constraints. A prototype implementation tool was developed for test design automation. In addition, the proposed approach was evaluated using examples, experimental studies, and an industrial case study for the automotive domain. The results indicates test effort reduction of 36% in the first research direction for a product line with 24 products, and in the second research direction increasing test effort reduction based on the number of products that require testing. For 6 products 15% reduction (from case study), and for 20 random products 50% reduction (from experimental studies). / Engenharia de Linha de Produto de Software (SPLE) é uma abordagem utilizada no desenvolvimento de produtos similares, que explora a reutilização sistemática de artefatos de software. O processo da SPLE executa várias atividades para garantir a qualidade do software. Atividades de garantia de qualidade são fundamentais para alcançar e manter altos níveis de qualidade em todos os tipos de artefatos de software, tais como produtos e processos. Atividades de teste são amplamente utilizadas na indústria para o gerenciamento de qualidade. No entanto, o esforço para a aplicação de testes geralmente é alto e melhorar a eficiência dos testes é um desafio relacionado a todas as atividades da engenharia de sistemas. Uma maneira de melhorar a eficiência da atividade de teste é automatizar a geração e execução dos testes. A geração automática de testes pode ser realizada por abordagens tais como o Teste Baseado em Modelos (TBM), em que o comportamento real do sistema de software é comparado a um modelo de teste abstrato. Várias técnicas, processos e estratégias foram desenvolvidas para o teste de SPLE, contudo, existem diversos desafios nessa área de pesquisa. O desafio em foco é a redução do esforço geral de teste necessário para testar produtos da SPLE. O esforço de teste pode ser reduzido maximizando o reuso de teste usando modelos que representam variabilidades entre os produtos. O objetivo da tese é automatizar a geração de compactos conjuntos de testes com alta capacidade de detecção de falhas e baixa redundância de teste entre produtos. Para alcançar tal objetivo, testes equivalentes são identificados para um conjunto de produtos usando conjuntos de teste completos e configuráveis. Duas direções de pesquisa são exploradas, uma centrada no produto e a outra centrada na linha de produto. Foram gerados conjuntos de teste que tenham cobertura de falhas completa a partir de máquinas de estado com e sem restrições de características. A implementação de uma ferramenta foi desenvolvida para automatizar a geração de teste. Além disso, a abordagem proposta foi avaliada usando exemplos, estudos experimentais e um estudo de caso industrial. Os resultados indicam uma redução de esforço de teste de 36% na primeira direção de pesquisa para uma linha com 24 produtos, e na segunda linha de pesquisa uma redução incremental com mais produtos a serem testados. Para 6 produtos uma redução de 15% (do estudo de caso), e para 20 produtos randomicos uma redução de 50% (dos estudos experimentais).

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