The diploma thesis attends to the primary school teachers' work with textbooks dedicated to the educational field Človek a jeho svět (̔Human and his world̕). In the theoretical part I deal with a clarification of basic terminology, which is crucial for the thesis' theme. I define here terms teacher and educational staff not only how it is understood by the specialized literature, but also by the laws in force of the Czech Republic. In the next chapter, a textbook is defined and its functions and the most cited classifications of textbooks' functions. are introduced. I mention its structural components and introduce further didactic tools that we encounter in practice. In the most extensive chapter of the theoretical part of the thesis I present existing theoretical findings and results of researches, which were in the field of textbooks' usage realized up to now, both in the Czech Republic and the world. The last chapter acquaints with the educational field Človek a jeho svět in terms of how it is circumscribed in the curricular document which is called: The framework educational plan for elementary schools. The research part of the thesis introduces a qualitative survey of a textbooks' usage in the educational field Člověk a jeho svět by six primary school teachers, which was realized at one of...

Orientador: Lilian Lopes Martin da Silva / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-07T07:55:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Correa_CarlosHumbertoAlves_D.pdf: 7805881 bytes, checksum: db72ed536bf2e30a1d7cb90ebb2739ec (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: Este trabalho incide sobre a história dos livros escolares, tomando como objeto de análise o funcionamento do circuito organizado em torno deles ao longo da segunda metade do século XIX e na primeira década do século XX no contexto escolar amazonense. Nos últimos anos tem crescido o número de estudos que tomam a história do livro e das edições didáticas como objeto de investigação. O campo da história da educação tem sido especialmente fértil para o desenvolvimento dessa produção, uma vez que novos interesses e interrogações passaram a orientar o trabalho dos pesquisadores em relação a esse gênero de livro. É no interior desse contexto de produção que este trabalho se inscreve. Para o seu desenvolvimento priorizou-se o modelo de análise proposto por Robert Darnton (1990), ao examinar o circuito de comunicação percorrido pelos livros nas diferentes fases que marcam sua existência: produção, difusão e consumo. Operando com um conjunto diversificado de fontes, o trabalho evidenciou algumas facetas do circuito do livro escolar no Amazonas, colocando em cena aspectos até então pouco conhecidos, tais como: os sujeitos, as práticas e os dispositivos que estiveram envolvidos na dinâmica de funcionamento deste circuito / Abstract: This thesis deals about the history of textbooks taking as the object of analysis the functioning of the circuit that was organized around them on the second half of the 19th Century and the first decade of the 20th Century in the Amazonian school context. The number of studies that takes book history and didactic editions as objects of research has been increasing in Brazil. It is in the interior of that production context that this work is inserted. For the development our research, we have used Robert Darnton¿s model of analysis in regard to the communication circuit made by the books in the different phases of their existence: production, diffusion and consumption. Working with different sources, the thesis showed some faces of textbook circuit in the State of Amazonas zeroing on some aspects not very well known, such as: the subjects, the practices and devices that were involved in the dynamics of textbook circuit / Doutorado / Educação, Conhecimento, Linguagem e Arte / Doutor em Educação

This study is a situational analysis of a school located at Nonkcampa village, just ten kilometres from King William’s Town, west of the national road between Peddie and King William’s Town. Toise Senior Secondary School is in the former Ciskei region. The Bulembu / Bisho airport is just next to our school. My focus on Toise Senior Secondary School, provides me as the principal of the school with a golden opportunity to find out more about the school. As a relative newcomer to the school this study also enables me to look at the school community, from this particular focal point. As this is a situational analysis, my focus will be on the history, the biophysical and socio-political aspects that influenced the development of the school to the present. In this way I will be able to analyse the school’s readiness to implement the new Out-Comes-Based Education (OBE) Curriculum soon to be implemented at secondary school level.

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Som ett led i att stärka den digitala kompetensen i den svenska skolan så beslöt regeringen2017 att införa användandet av programmering i matematikämnet. Sedan höstterminen 2018 så har flertalet matematikkurser för gymnasiet fått uppdaterade kursplaner med tillägget att programmering ska användas som verktyg för problemlösning. I praktiken innebär detta att drygt hälften av de nationella gymnasieprogrammen nu får programmering som antingen obligatorisk eller valbar genom någon av matematikkurserna i c-spåret eller matematik 3b. I samband med de uppdaterade styrdokumenten så har förlagen givit ut reviderade läromedel i matematik eller webresurser med programmeringsuppgifter. I detta arbete utreds i vilken utsträckning dessa programmeringsuppgifter relaterar till problemlösning. Analysen visar att endast en dryg fjärdedel av samtliga analyserade programmeringsuppgifter kategoriseras som problemlösningsuppgifter. Metoden för dataanalys bygger på Lithners ramverk för imitativa och kreativa resonemang. Metoden definierar tre olika lösningstyper (kategorier) av matematikuppgifter; High relatedness tasks (HR), Local low relatedness tasks (LLR) och Global low relatedness tasks (GLR). När lösningen till en uppgift är en procedur tagen från läroboken så räknas det till HR kategorin och räknas då som ett imitativt resonemang. När en uppgift tillhör någon av de två övriga kategorierna (LLR eller GLR) så innebär det att eleven själv behövt konstruera stora delar av lösningen till en uppgift. För att främja utvecklingen av problemlösningsförmågan som räknas som ett kreativt resonemang, så måste eleven få arbeta med uppgifter som tillhör LLR eller GLR kategorierna. Metoden för datainsamling är en innehållsanalys av läromedel i matematik som utgörs av förlaget Natur & Kulturs serie Matematik 5000+ samt förlaget Gleerups serie Exponent med en tillhörande webresurs. I arbetet analyserades 86 programmeringsuppgifter ur Matematik 5000+ samt ytterligare 20 programmeringsuppgifter publicerade som en webresurs med hänvisning till Exponent. Ett antal av de 20 programmeringsuppgifterna relaterade till två läromedel vilket ledde till att det totala antalet analyserade programmeringsuppgifter blev 113. Det visade sig att en delmängd av de analyserade uppgifterna var sådana att någon lösningsalgoritm inte behövdes för att lösa uppgiften, exempelvis genom att facit varit givet i problemformuleringen. Eftersom den typen av uppgifter inte kunde kategoriseras till någon av de tre befintliga kategorierna så definierades en ny fjärde kategori None relatedness tasks (NR). Resultatet visar att nästan hälften av de analyserade uppgifterna (55 av 113) tillhör NR kategorin. En del av förklaringen ligger i att Matematik 5000+ introducerar eleverna till programmering genom färdiga exempel. Analysen visade att ytterligare 28 uppgifter hamnade i HR kategorin vilket således innebär att endast en dryg fjärdedel av samtliga analyserade programmeringsuppgifter klassas som problemlösning. För matematik 3c derivata och matematik 3c integraler så analyserades totalt tio uppgifter där ingen av dessa relaterade till problemlösning. Här används programmeringen istället som ett verktyg för att förklara viktiga begrepp som ingår i dessa kapitel. De matematiska moment som visade sig lämpa sig väl för problemlösningsuppgifter var bl.a. matematik 1c aritmetik och matematik 2c linjär algebra. Sammanfattningsvis så visar studien att en stor majoritet av programmeringsuppgifterna leder till att eleven introduceras till programmering eller leder till att eleven får arbeta med procedurförmågan. Exponent hade en jämförelsevis stor andel programmeringsuppgifter för problemlösning, med sina 44 %. Matematik 5000+ i sin tur presenterar ett större antal uppgifter för problemlösning med deras 18, vilket dock motsvarar endast 21 % av de totalt 86 uppgifterna. / As part of increasing the digital competence in the Swedish school, the government decided in 2017 to introduce the use of programming in the subject of mathematics. Since the autumn term 2018, several mathematics courses for upper secondary school have received updated syllabi with the addition that programming will be used as a tool for problem solving. In practice, this means that just over half of the national upper secondary school programs now receive programming that is either compulsory or elective through one of the mathematics courses in the c-track or mathematics course 3b. In conjunction with the updated governing documents, the publishers have published revised teaching aids in mathematics or webresources with programming tasks. In this thesis, it is investigated to what extent these programming tasks relate to problem solving. The analysis shows that only just over a quarterof all analyzed programming tasks are categorized as problem-solving tasks.The method of data analysis is based on Lithner's framework for imitative and creative reasoning. The method defines three different solution types (categories) of mathematical problems; High relatedness tasks (HR), Local low relatedness tasks (LLR) and Global low relatedness tasks (GLR). When the solution to a task is a procedure taken from the textbook, it is considered part of the HR category and is then categorized as an imitative reasoning. When a task belongs to one of the other two categories (LLR or GLR), it means that the student has had to construct large parts of the solution for the task. In order to promote the development of problem-solving ability, which is considered as creative reasoning, the student must be allowed to work with tasks that belong to the LLR or GLR categories. The method of data collection is content analysis of teaching aids in mathematics, which consists of the publisher Natur & Kultur’s series Matematik 5000+ and the publisher Gleerups's series Exponent with an associated web resource. In this study, 86 programming tasks from Matematik 5000+ were analyzed and another 20 programming tasks published as a web resource with reference to Exponent. Some of the 20 programming tasks referred to two teaching aids, which led to the total number of analyzed programming tasks becoming 113. It turned out that a subset of the analyzed tasks was such that no solution algorithm was needed to solve them, for example by the fact that the results had been given in the problem formulation. As this type of data could not be categorized into any of the three existing categories, a new fourth category None relatedness tasks (NR) was defined. The results show that almost half of the analyzed tasks (55 of 113) belong to the NR category. Part of the explanation lies in the fact that Matematik 5000+ introduce the students to programming through ready-made examples. The analysis showed that a further 28 tasks ended up in the HR category, which thus means that only just over a quarter of all analyzed programming tasks are classified as problem solving. For mathematics 3c derivatives and mathematics 3c integrals, a total of ten tasks were analyzed, none of which related to problem solving. The programming tasks were instead used as a tool to explain important concepts from these chapters. The mathematical chapters that proved to be well suited for problem-solving tasks were e.g. mathematics 1c arithmetic and mathematics 2c linear algebra. In summary, this study shows that a large majority of the programming tasks rather introduce the student to programming or to tasks requiring mere procedural skills, than to tasks that require problemsolving skills. Exponent had a comparatively large proportion of programming tasks for problem solving, with its 44%. Matematik 5000+ in turn presents a larger number of tasks for problem solving with their 18, which, however, corresponds to only 21% of the total 86 tasks.

This essay has investigated the use of Shakespearean texts as well as tasks associated with those texts in upper secondary textbooks. The investigation looked at both which texts of Shakespeare’s are most frequent and how students are supposed to work with the texts. Furthermore the textbooks cover 20 years (1995-2015) and as such the study also analysed whether or not the selection and tasks have changed, i.e. whether they remain the same today as they did 20 years ago. The findings indicated that Hamlet and Romeo and Juliet were the two most frequent texts and that the tasks have gone from being individual to focusing on group work. The analysis also showed that while Shakespeare during the beginning of the 20 year period was the most dominant or sole author mentioned, this role has been reduced during more recent years. The conclusions drawn concerning the findings emphasise the syllabi and how they influence the content and format of the textbooks as well as the importance of canonicity.

Läroboken styr till stor del vilket innehåll som behandlas i matematikundervisningen. Med detta i åtanke har fem svenska läroboksserier har utsatts för en latent och manifest innehållsanalys av hur de presenterar de aritmetiska räknelagarna och räknereglerna. I studien framkommer både kvantitativ och kvalitativ data. Den kvantitativa datan indikerar att få läroboksserier tar upp associativa och distributiva lagen explicit. Den kvalitativa datan pekar på att räknelagarna ofta beskrivs i andra sammanhang. Flera exempel i läroböckerna gör generaliseringar som riskerar leda till begränsad förståelse för räknelagarna och räknereglerna. / In mathematics education textbooks to a large extent determine what is offered for students to be learnt. With this in mind, in this study, five Swedish textbooks series is reviewed in a latent and manifest content analysis approach where both quantitative and qualitative data is presented. The result of the quantitative data indicate that only a few textbooks series mentions the associative and distributive law in explicit manners. The result of the qualitative data shows that the basic laws of arithmetic is often described in other contexts. Many examples in the textbooks makes generalizations that may lead to limited understanding of the basic laws and rules of arithmetic.

This essay examines how textbooks in primary geography offer readers to make changes in perspective. As the title suggests, spatial/temporal awareness and understanding of social relations are seen as interconnected aspects of what changes in perspective is about. Two contemporary textbooks used in Swedish primary school are analyzed, as well as one written in 1893 by the Swedish reform educator Anna Whitlock. The analysis is made with tools from multimodal social semiotics and critical linguistics. Understanding didactics on a basis of curriculum theory, distinguishing varied offers of meaning is seen as an important basis for making decisions in didactic practice. The essay offers arguments to support that view. A historical perspective is used to illustrate constructions of school geography in our time. Attention is paid to how the text from the 1890s introduces spatiality by letting the reader relate to the physical world, while spatiality in the texts from the 2010s is framed by social relations. When differences between the contemporary textbooks are described, some specific design choices offering varied reader interactions are suggested being crucial for inclusions/exclusions of experiences and worldviews.

This study examines how the themes of Swedish society- and working life are depicted in two textbooks for SFI, (Swedish For Immigrants); Mål 2 and Samspråk 2. Do the students receive a language that is useful for an active life in society and on the labour market through this educational material? Mål 2 and Samspråk 2 have been reviewed partly by a hermeneutic content analysis, partly via two interviews and two phenomenological surveys, targeted towards students, and towards teachers. The interviews of the two teachers show that Mål 2 is suitable for pupils at the C-level and at the beginning of the D-level and that Samspråk 2 prepares the students well for the national and final D-test. The content analysis shows that among the 193 pages of Mål 2, only about 20 deal with the theme of working life, while the societal themes are dealt with in about ten pages, but also occasionally woven into the text. The diversity in today's Swedish society  does not appear in the text, writing tasks are not included in the  textbook and the student is not fully challenged linguistically by the sentence structure in the fictional texts, though the nonfiction texts are more sufficiently challenging. Regarding Samspråk 2, the societal life permeates the text, while the work theme is treated in four chapters of six. The content is clearly inclusive in terms of diversity and the text is linguistically challenging, for some pupils perhaps even too challenging. The survey targeted towards the teachers regarding Mål 2 gave 57 % positive responses and thus 43 % negative responses. Regarding Samspråk 2 there were not enough responses, only three. Regarding the student responses on Mål 2, 79 % of the student responses were positive, while 87 % of the student responses regarding Samspråk 2 were positive.