This dissertation presents two kinds of model extraction approaches, direct extraction and adaptive rational approximation methods, for establishing a novel broadband model, the modified T-equivalent circuit. Both methods skillfully use the simplified and decomposed schemes to dramatically reduce the complexity of modeled parameter extraction procedures and the needed computational efforts. As a result, any two-port microwave passive components or networks can be modeled efficiently using the proposed fully-analytical mathematic extraction formulations. In comparison with other broadband modeling techniques, the modified T-equivalent circuit can be constructed with much less elements. Model with such a compact character attributes the frequency responses of two decomposed circuits having obvious resonances to be identified and utilized for constituting equivalent circuits using only necessary elements. It is worth to note that the modified T-equivalent circuit model can utilize two expandable multilayer resonators to achieve very wide bandwidth but maintain model still in a single-stage equivalent circuit. Several successful modeling examples verified on the LTCC- and organic- embedded type of band-pass filters and inductors, the most crucial passive components to affect the performances of RF communication system, demonstrate the presented model with the superior character of accuracy and broadband indeed.

In this thesis, a novel electronic ballast that includes a repeatedly resonating ignition circuit is proposed for metal halide lamps. The proposed electronic ballast features a two-stage structure that comprises a power factor corrector and a full-bridge inverter used for current control, filtering and ignition. The full-bridge inverter consists of a leg operating at low-frequency with unidirectional switches and a leg operating at high frequency with bidirectional switches. The low-frequency side performs repetitive resonating on the load circuit with inductors and capacitors to accumulate a high voltage for ignition. Adjusting the duty-ratio of the high-frequency side allows for the regulation of the lamp current. The inductors and capacitors in the load circuit function not only producing the high ignition voltage but also filtering out high-frequency components, so that to drive the lamp with a low-frequency square-wave current. The proposed electronic ballast employing the full-bridge inverter with the specially designed control scheme and circuit parameters allows the metal halide lamp to tackle the demanding starting transient and steady state operation. With a simpler circuit structure and a reduced component count, the product cost will be much lower.

This thesis focuses on the structures of plated through holes in organic substrate, and discusses the high-frequency electrical characteristics of various plated through hole structures. This thesis consists of four parts. The first part introduces various kinds of vias in multilayer substrate. This content includes substrate drilling processes and capabilities, and discussions on plated through hole structures and their manufacture concerns. The second part focuses on actual measurement of plated through holes, and introduces high-frequency double-side probing technique. The difference from traditional high-frequency coplanar probing measurement is also discussed. The third part focuses on the high-frequency simulation by full-wave software ¡V Ansoft HFSS, and discusses the effects of various excited source and model structures on simulations. Part4 focuses on developing the broadband equivalent circuit model based on the physical structures, and discusses the electrical characterization of different plated through holes, and provides the related design concept.

Using GaAs HBT provided by AWSC to construct Gummel Poon static model.then using the GaAs HBT processing of GCS to design MMIC power amplifier for the 1.9~2.0 GHz PCS system. This power amplifier exhibits an output power of 27dBm and a power added efficiency as high as 32% at an operation voltage of 3.4V.

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Summary Clmatis Armandi has been used frequently in traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of diuretic symptoms. The mechanism of its action is unclear. Possible action of this substance may involve alternation of electrolyte transport through the epithelia membranes. In this study¡Atransepithelial conductance of frog skin was measured in vitro in voltage-clamped Ussing chambers. Adding Clematis Armandi extracts to apical surface induced a conductance increment of 1.21 £gS and an apical to serosal Isc of 28.78 £gA/cm2. The Isc can not be completely blocked by apical application of amiloride. Nifedipine and TEA had no effect on Clematis Armandi induced Isc decrease. These data indicate that frog skin is highly responsive to the concentrated Clematis Armandi extracts. The increase in Isc reflects changes in transepithelial transport of Na+ ions modulated at apical membrane. The enormous increase in transepithelial conductance suggests that in additional to enhancement of amiloride-sensitive Na+ channels, Clematis Armandi may also modulate other pathways, such as Cl- ion channel modulation, which needs further investigation.

The first topic of this thesis is a voltage boost level clamping circuit for a flash memory which utilizes an implicit feedback loop as well as MOS transistors with different threshold voltages. The proposed design can be added to charge pumps to stabilize the output voltage. The unwanted output voltage spikes introduced by the linear pumping ratio are prevented. Not only are possible damages to memory cores avoided, the power disspation is reduced in contrast with prior regulator methods. The second topic is a switch-current 3-bit CMOS wideband random signal generator, which utilizes a digital normalizer to flatten the distribution of the probability in the entire range of B parameter. The ¡§colored¡¨ random numbers problem in prior designs is resolved. In addition, the coefficients of the proposed design are dynamically adjustable.

The FDTD method is a numerical method that uses the second-order central-difference method to discrete the Maxwell¡¦s equations in differential form, and positioning electromagnetic field in space grids and time grids. It is applied to analyze many electromagnetic problems in time domain. In the thesis, we applied FDTD methods to solve EMC/EMI problems like the interference to a mixer from an antenna, and the packaging effects to a small signal microwave amplifier and so on. Therefore, we applied equivalent current source approach to simulate each microwave elements at first. And, we extend the approach to field of EMC/EMI. researching the advantages of FDTD methods in Full-Wave analysis.

Abstract One of the features in Taiwan market is price competition. What makes it even worse are the outflow of investment, more demand on environmental protection, increase of labor cost, and the limit of national policy. These factors make business hardly earn profits. And therefore, how to gain reasonably with limited resources and survive in the competition are the difficulties we need to overcome in Taiwan. Printed Circuit Board played a key role in ¡§Taiwan Financial Miracle¡¨ for the past 10 years. However, the manufacturers now have no choice but to search for new niche to meet the change on the whole business environment. The headquarters staying in Taiwan have to face even more harsh conditions, which come from the demand of cost-down, the price competitions among the same industry. Therefore, it becomes essential to adjust Product Mixed in order to fit the insufficient Product Resources. My study puts focus on ¡§Most Constrained Station¡¨ from the Theory of Constraint. It helps PCB manufacturers, who suffers slim profit, find out the best Products Mixed in accordance of Throughput Contribution. Each product brings different profit and cost. Some may share common resources, and some may not, when they are put in the process line. Therefore, to continue forward in the age of slim-profit, the complex of Product Mixed and earnings becomes prominent. Studying Theory of Constraint, I aim to bring forth the best solution on processing contribution by means of figuring out the Throughput Chain in Most Constrained Station and analysis of application on Most Constrained Station. And then I will conclude with the best production strategy for the PCB manufacturer as the main thesis of the research.

The finite-Difference Time Domain method (FDTD) is to derive the discrete form of the Maxwell¡¦s equations by second-order central difference with the electromagnetic distribution of the Yee space lattice, and computes the value of the electric field and magnetic field in the simulation space by using leapfrog for time derivatives. This method is also different with the frequency domain method which needs to analyze its value individually (ex. Finite Element method). The frequency domain method needs to take a long time for analyzing the response on each spectrum point when the bandwidth is very wide. The advantage of time domain analysis is to obtain the complete frequency response from the simulation value through Fourier Transform method. It¡¦s impossible to combine the electromagnetic analysis with the lumped circuit simulation in current simulation CAD. Thereby the performance of the simulation result and the practical implementation always occurs error because of the lake of the consideration. The FDTD method is the full-wave algorithm which can also simulate the lump element, nonlinear element or active element in simulation space by linking to SPICE or S-parameter. The purpose of this thesis is to develop the method for simulating microwave circuit, and to verify the credibility between the equivalent source method and the S-parameter method in FDTD by the simulation of active antenna and low-noise amplifier.