Die vorliegende Arbeit befasst sich mit der Entwicklung physikalisch fundierter, variations-basierter Modelle zur Beschreibung von magneto-aktiven Polymeren bei finiten Deformationen. Die Erarbeitung einer theoretisch und numerisch instruktiven Abhandlung zur Modellierung von nicht-dissipativen sowie dissipativen magneto-mechanischen Systemen stellt dabei einen zentralen Aspekt dieser Arbeit dar. Die konstitutive Modellierung erfolgt in kanonischer Form im Rahmen einer Theorie erster Ordnung auf Basis zweier skalarwertiger Tensorfunktionen -- der totalen Energiedichtefunktion und dem Dissipationspotential -- welche das komplexe konstitutive Verhalten des Systems vollständig charakterisieren. Die Entwicklung fundierter, konstitutiver Makroskalenmodelle für nicht-dissipative sowie dissipative magneto-aktive Polymere erfolgt dabei mikrostrukturgeleitet und im Falle nicht-dissipativer magneto-aktiver Polymere explizit auf Basis eines umfangreichen -- mittels numerischer Homogenisierung erzeugten -- Datensatzes. Das im Rahmen der konstitutiven Modellierung genutzte energie-basierte Setting stellt die natürliche Umgebung für Stabilitätsbetrachtungen dar und erlaubt die Diskussion der materiellen Stabilität der entwickelten konstitutiven Modelle auf Grundlage verallgemeinerter Konvexitätskonzepte. Im Mittelpunkt der numerischen Behandlung der vorliegenden Problemstellungen steht die Konstruktion primaler Variationsprinzipien auf Basis der entwickelten konstitutiven Funktionen in Verbindung mit deren konformen Finite-Elemente-Approximationen. Die zugehörigen diskreten Variationsformulierungen zeichnen sich durch ihre Minimaleigenschaften aus, wodurch diese nicht durch die diskrete inf-sup Stabilitätsbedingung eingeschränkt sind. Die Leistungsfähigkeit und Validität der entwickelten Modelle wird anhand von Benchmark- und Konvergenzstudien im Detail untersucht. Der Fokus weiterer numerischer Studien liegt auf der makrostrukturellen Analyse des magnetostriktiven und magnetorheologischen Effektes. / The present work covers the development of physically motivated, variational-based models for the description of magneto-active polymers at finite deformations. A key aspect of this thesis is to develop a unified theoretical and computational framework for the modeling of non-dissipative and dissipative magneto-active polymers. Within a classical first order theory, a strong emphasis is put on a unifying constitutive modeling framework based on two scalar valued tensor functions, namely the total energy density function and the dissipation potential. This two potential ansatz allows the canonical derivation of thermodynamically consistent constitutive models for a broad spectrum of complex systems in a mathematically elegant manner. The development of a family of constitutive macroscale models for non-dissipative and dissipative magneto-active polymers is based on a microstructure-guided approach, whereby the parametrization of the developed non-dissipative constitutive model is explicitly based on a comprehensive material data set generated via computational homogenization. The energy-based setting provides the natural environment for stability analysis and allows the discussion of the material stability of the developed constitutive models based on generalized notions of convexity. The focus of the variational and computational framework lies on the construction of primal variational principles and their conforming finite element approximations. The associated discrete variational formulations are characterized by their minimization structure and are therefore not restricted by the discrete inf-sup stability condition. The performance and validity of the developed models are investigated in detail by benchmark and convergence studies. The main emphasis of further numerical studies lies on the macrostructural analysis of the magnetostrictive and magnetorheological effect.

This research develops and validates computational tools for the design and analysis of structural components and systems constructed with Ultra-High Performance Concrete (UHPC). The modeling strategy utilizes the Lattice Discrete Particle Model (LDPM) to represent UHPC material and structural member response, and extends a structural-level triaxial continuum constitutive law to account for the addition of discrete fibers. The approach is robust, general, and could be utilized by other researchers to expand the computational capability and simulate the behavior of different composite materials. The work described herein identifies the model material parameters by conducting a complete material characterization for UHPC, with and without fiber reinforcement, describing its behavior in unconfined compression, uniaxial tension, and fracture toughness. It characterizes the effect of fiber orientations, fiber-matrix interaction, and resolves the issue of multi-axial stress states on fiber pullout. The capabilities of the computational models are demonstrated by comparing the material test data that were not used in the parameter identification phase to numerical simulations to validate the models' predictive capabilities. These models offer a mechanics-based shortcut to UHPC analysis that can strategically support ongoing development of material and structural design codes and standards. / Ph. D. / This research develops and validates new computer-based methods to analyze and design civil infrastructure constructed with ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC), achieved when steel fibers are combined with a finely graded cement matrix. With superior performance characteristics in comparison to regular concrete, UHPC is studied herein for its strong potential to advance the durability, efficiency, and resiliency of new and existing infrastructure. The simulation-based methods are extensively verified with novel experiments that evaluate the material limits and failure modes when compressed, bent, or stretched, considering fiber volume and orientation. The computer-based tools can be used to realistically assess the structural performance of innovative UHPC applications in buildings, bridges, and tunnels under natural hazards, leading to surpassed levels of structural efficiency and resiliency across civil infrastructure.

Text in English / The question the researcher set out to answer during this research study was: "What is the Educational Focus of a Nursing College, when viewed within Bevis and Watson's Humanistic·Educative-Caring Curriculum Paradigm versus a Stimulus-Response Curriculum Paradigm?" To answer this question, an exploratory, descriptive and contextual study was undertaken. The population consisted of tutors employed at a College of Nursing. From this population a purposive sample was drawn. Data was collected by means of formal, semi-structured interviews and a questionnaire. Content analysis was used to analyse the data. It was found that during the first year of students' education and training, the Educational Focus of the College was on training but during the second year, the focus changed to the transitional phase. The transitional phase is situated between training and education. During the third and fourth year, the focus was also in transition, but the way students learn was at the training phase. / Health Studies / M.A. (Advanced Nursing Sciences)

Dans cette thèse, nous nous sommes intéressés à l 'étude d'un micro-robot destiné à la mise en oeuvre d'une technique de chirurgie mini-invasive pour le traitement des anévrismes de l'artère aorte abdominale. Ce micro-robot placé à l'extrémité d'un cathéter, rendant ce dernier actif, permettra la navigation à l'intérieur de l'artère en évitant les contacts avec les parois de celle-ci. Le système sera destiné à l'apprentissage du geste chirurgical et à l'assistance du chirurgienpendant l'opération. De par sa structure et ses propriétés physiques, le micro-robot, pouvantêtre composé de plusieurs modules élémentaires, entre dans la catégorie des robots continuum. Dans notre étude, un module élémentaire est considéré comme étant un robot parallèle. Lesmodèles géométriques et cinématiques inverses ont alors été établis en utilisant les techniques dela robotique parallèle. L'approche de modélisation proposée permet de faire ressortir explicitement du modèle les paramètres géométriques du micro-robot. Une étude sur l'identificationde ces paramètres a été effectuée par le calibrage du modèle géométrique inverse. Des résultatsde simulation sont présentés validant d'une part les modèles développés et d'autre part la méthode de calibrage proposée. Afin de mettre nos modèles en situation, nous avons développé unsimulateur tridimensionnel intégrant le modèle d'un segment de l'artère, le modèle du micro-robotet un syntaxeur à retour de force. La mise en place d'une navigation active, planifiée etguidée dans ce simulateur permet de contraindre les gestes du chirurgien lors de la navigation du micro-robot à l'intérieur de l'artère / In this thesis, we are interested in a micro-robot study for the implementation of a mini-invasivesurgery technique. The medical application concerns the treatment of the artery abdominal aorta aneurysms. This micro-robot located at the extremity of the catheter permits thecatheter movements into the artery avoiding minimizing contacts with the artery walls. The system can be used for the surgical gesture learning and for the surgeon assistance during the medical operation. Because of its structure and its physical properties the micro-robot is considered as a continuum robot. It is composed of one or several elementary modules. In our study we consider each elementary module as a parallel robot. Then the inverse kinematics model has been established by using techniques of parallel robotics. The proposed modelling approach allows the expression of the model according to the micro-robot geometric parameters. A study on the identification of these parameters has been developed by an inverse geometric modelcalibration. The given simulation results validate the developed models on the one hand, the proposed calibration method on the other hand. We have developed a three-dimensional simulator integrating the model of an artery segment, the micro-robot model, and a joystick with force feedback. The implementation of active, planned and guided navigation on this simulator allows to constrain the surgeon gestures during the movements of the micro-robot inside the artery

I och med att det finns en möjlighet till otillåten gallring, och därmed risk för allmänhetens bristande insyn i svenska statliga myndigheters verksamhet, var syftet med denna uppsats att se i vilken utsträckning en handläggare har praktisk makt över bevarande och gallring hos svenska statliga myndigheter. Vidare var uppsatsens syfte att redovisa vilka faktorer i myndigheternas egen verksamhet som bidrog till utfallet av hur handläggare hanterade bevarande och gallring.   Som metod har intervjuer gjorts med arkivarier och handläggare på två olika svenska statliga myndigheter för att se om myndigheternas verksamheter påverkade hur handläggare valde att bevara eller gallra handlingar som de hanterade. I undersökningen deltog en mindre myndighet och en större myndighet med syftet att undersöka om olika verksamheter kunde påverka vem som hade den praktiska makten över bevarande och gallring hos myndigheterna.   Som teorimodell användes verksamhetsteorin och verksamhetssystemet för att systematisera och redovisa resultaten av undersökningarna. Ännu en teorimodell som lyftes fram i uppsatsen var Records Continuum Model som visade på informationens olika dimensioner och vikten av att fånga och organisera handlingar så att det finns en möjlighet att tillgängliggöra dem.   De två fallstudierna visade att det förekom att handlingar inte hanterades efter de regler och rutiner som tagits fram för den ena av myndigheterna. Resultatet visade också att hur verksamheten såg ut hos myndigheten starkt påverkade den praktiska makten som handläggare gavs för att ta ställning till bevarande och gallring av vissa handlingar. Resultatet visade att för en myndighet med många anställda och större informationsflöden har arkivarien svårt att nå ut med information och rutiner på ett bra sätt och handläggare hade mindre tid till att värdera informationen. / There is a suspicion of increased destruction of documents when the Administrative Officer manages the records appraisal in Swedish government authorities, which can lead to a problem regarding the transparency and public access to information. The aim of this thesis was to contribute with knowledge about in which extent an Administrative Officer has the power over practical records appraisal in Swedish government authorities and to find out if the practical power depended on activities within the agencies.   Interviews with Archivists and Administrative Officers at two different Swedish government authorities were conducted in order to see if the activities within the authorities affected how Administrative Officers handled the records appraisal. The study involved a small and a large authority to examine whether different activities could affect the practical power over records appraisal.   The activity theory was used to introduce, present and analyze the survey results. Records Continuum Model is another theory model that was highlighted in the thesis to show the importance of planning the records management even before a record is created.   The result of the case studies showed that there were records not handled according to the rules and policies for one of the studied authorities. It was revealed that Administrative Officers had some practical power over appraisal. The result also showed that the activities within the authorities strongly affected the practical power which Administrative Officers was given. It was shown that, in an authority with a large number of employees and greater flow of information, the Archivist did not reach out with information and routines to the employees. Administrative Officers also had less time to evaluate information when the number of e-mail was a problem.

Notre thèse décrit et analyse les conditions esthétiques, matérielles et idéelles qui rendent possibles les agencements sonores du cinéma contemporain. Au cours des 30 dernières années, le raffinement des outils de manipulation du son, l’importance grandissante du concepteur sonore et le nouvel espace de cohabitation des sons (favorisé par le Dolby et la diffusion multicanal) sont des facteurs qui ont transformé la création et l’écoute du son au cinéma. Ces transformations révèlent un nouveau paradigme : le mixage s’est graduellement imposé comme le geste perceptif et créateur qui rend compte de la sensibilité contemporaine. Notre thèse explore les effets de la pensée du mixage (qui procède par résonance, simultanéité, dosage et modulation) sur notre écoute et notre compréhension de l'expérience cinématographique. À l'aide de paroles de concepteurs sonores (Murch, Beaugrand, Thom, Allard…), de textes théoriques sur le son filmique (Cardinal, Chion, Campan), de documentaires sur des musiciens improvisateurs (Lussier, Glennie, Frith), de films de fiction à la dimension sonore affirmée (Denis, Van Sant), de textes philosophiques sur la perception (Leibniz, James, Straus, Szendy…), d'analyses du dispositif sonore cinématographique, notre thèse rend audibles des tensions, des récurrences, de nouveaux agencements, des problèmes actuels et inactuels qui forgent et orientent l'écoute du théoricien, du créateur et de l'auditeur. En interrogeant la dimension sonore de la perception, de l’action, de l’espace et de la pensée, cette thèse a pour objectif de modifier la façon dont on écoute, crée et pense le son au cinéma. / This thesis describes and analyzes the esthetic, material and conceptual conditions that make the acoustic structures of contemporary cinema possible. The refinement of tools used for manipulating sound, the growing importance the sound designer and the emergence of a new space for sounds to coexist in (brought on by Dolby and multichannel sound systems) are factors that, over the past 30 years, have transformed the way we work with and listen to sound in film. These transformations reveal a new paradigm: mixing gradually imposed itself as the creative and perceptual act capable of accounting for our contemporary sensibility. This thesis explores the effects of the “thought process of mixing” (which functions by resonance, simultaneity, dosage and modulation) on the way we hear and understand the cinematographic experience. Working from the accounts of sound designers (Murch, Beaugrand, Thom Allard…), theoretical texts on film sound (Cardinal, Chion, Campam), documentaries on improvisational musicians (Lussier, Glennie, Frith), fiction films with a acute acoustic sensibility (Denis, Van Sant), philosophical texts on perception (Leibniz, James, Straus, Szendy…) and analyses of the cinematographic sound apparatus, this thesis renders audible the tensions, the recurrences, the structural connections and the problems, old and new, that forge and direct the theoretician, the artist and the auditor’s way of listening. By questioning the auditory dimension of perception, action, space and thought, this thesis aims to change the way we hear, create and think cinema.

Depuis le début du XXIe siècle, un type particulier d’images a envahi l’espace public constitué par Internet : il s’agit des images principales de profil, ces images que les utilisateurs de sites de réseaux sociaux choisissent pour les représenter auprès des autres individus connectés. Comme le plus souvent il s’agit d’une image du corps de celui ou celle qui s’affiche ainsi, il est intéressant de s’intéresser à cette pratique en la rattachant à des pratiques plus anciennes. Dans un premier temps, cette étude présente donc une perspective socio-historique en notant la ressemblance de la pratique de l’image principale de profil avec celle de l’autoportrait et du portrait commandé. Cela permet de remarquer plusieurs points de rupture ou d’inflexion dans l’usage de ce type d’images, mais aussi d’en dégager les usages sociaux typiques. Ensuite, l’observation d’un lieu particulier d’Internet permet de tirer les conclusions suivantes : si l’usage principal de ces images est facile à expliquer, elles servent à symboliser une présence dans des lieux non accessibles aux corps sensibles, ces images montrent toujours des éléments qui permettent de déduire une position sociale et elles sont fondamentalement identiques aux images produites avant Internet. Ensuite, l’étude de ces images montre qu’il y a un véritable continuum dans la manière de dévoiler son intimité qui permet d’affirmer que la frontière entre public et privé n’existe pas sur Internet. Finalement, ces images montrent une absence de canon quant à leur production et une multiplicité des façons de se mettre en scène qui laissent à penser qu’elles sont devenues des symboles à part entière dans la communication qui peut s’établir entre des étrangers sur Internet. / Since the beginning of the century, a new type of images is becoming more and more common in the public space built on the Internet : the profile’s main picture, these images network sites’ users are using to symbolize their self. It’s generally a picture of the Internet user’s body, which leads to a practice already existing. The first step of this essay is a sociohistorical perspective allowed by noticing that profile’s main picture are often self-portraits. It is then possible to establish a continuity between the practices of past centuries and what is visible on the Internet nowadays. The study of self-produced body images shows a gradual spread of their use from the wealthy to the lower strata of society until the mid-twentieth century. They were used mainly to show social status. After falling into disuse, this type of image is now used by one out of three persons worldwide. The observation of a particular Internet web site has allowed the collection of hundreds of main profile’s pictures. Their analysis has the following conclusions: If the main use of these images is to symbolize a presence in areas not accessible to sensitive body, these images still show elements that can be used to infer a social position and are substantially identical to the images produced before the Internet. Then, the study of these images shows that there is a real continuum in the way someone’s intimacy is revealed proving that the border between the public and the private does not exist on the Internet. Finally, these images show a lack of canon on their production and a multiplicity of ways of staging that suggest they have become meaningful symbols in the communication that can be established between strangers on the Internet.

Dans la modélisation de la matière dense, et partiellement ionisée, une question importante concerne le traitement des électrons libres. Vis-à-vis des électrons liés, la nature délocalisée et non discrète de ces électrons est responsable d’une différence de traitement, qui est souvent effectuée dans les modélisations des propriétés radiatives des plasmas. Cependant, afin d’éviter les incohérences dans le calcul des spectres d’absorption, tous les électrons devraient, en principe, être décrits dans un même formalisme.Nous utilisons deux modèles variationnels d’atome-moyen : un modèle semi-classique, et un modèle quantique, qui permettent cette égalité de traitement pour tous les électrons. Nous calculons la section-efficace de photo-extinction, en appliquant le cadre de la théorie de la réponse linéaire dynamique à chacun de ces modèles d’atome dans un plasma. Pour cette étude, nous développons et utilisons une approche auto-cohérente, de type random-phase-approximation (RPA), qui, en allant au-delà de la réponse des électrons indépendants, permet d’évaluer les effets collectifs, par l’introduction de la polarisation dynamique. Cette approche s’inscrit dans le formalisme de la théorie de la fonctionnelle de la densité dépendant du temps (TDDFT), appliquée au cas d’un système atomique immergé dans un plasma.Pour les deux modèles, semi-classique et quantique, nous dérivons, et vérifions dans nos calculs, une nouvelle règle de somme, qui permet d’évaluer le dipôle atomique à partir d’un volume fini dans le plasma. Cette règle de somme s’avère être un outil de premier ordre pour le calcul des propriétés radiatives des atomes dans les plasmas denses. / In modeling dense and partially ionized matter, the treatment of the free electrons remains an important issue. Compared to bound electrons, the delocalized and non-discrete nature of these electrons is responsible to treat them differently, which is usually adopted in the modelings of radiative properties of plasmas. However, in order to avoid inconsistencies in the calculation of absorption spectra, all the electrons should be described in the same formalism.We use two variational average-atom models: a semi-classical and a quantum model, which allow this common treatment for all the electrons. We calculate the photo-extinction cross-section, by applying the framework of the linear dynamical response theory to each of these models of an atom in a plasma. For this study, we develop and use a self-consistent approach, of random-phase-approximation (RPA) type, which, while going beyond the independent electron response, permits to evaluate the collective effects by the introduction of the dynamical polarization. This approach uses the formalism of the time dependent density functional theory (TDDFT), applied in the case of an atomic system immersed in a plasma.For both models, semi-classical and quantum, we derive and verify in our calculations, a new sum rule, which allows the evaluation of the atomic dipole from a finite volume in the plasma. This sum rule turns out to be a crucial device in the calculation of radiative properties of atoms in dense plasmas.

Com base nos pressupostos da psicologia sociocultural, da alfabetização científica, da antropologia social e dos estudos de sociologia e filosofia da Ciência, nesta dissertação buscamos analisar como as práticas epistêmicas da ciência mobilizadas no ensino e na aprendizagem de ecologia se relacionam com as práticas epistêmicas comumente utilizadas nos estudos científicos desenvolvidos nesse campo do conhecimento; e como o engajamento com tais práticas proporcionou aos estudantes a oportunidade de se apropriar de aspectos da cultura cientifica. Neste trabalhamos também procuramos compreender como o envolvimento em uma atividade investigativa sobre dinâmica populacional propiciou a formação de uma comunidade epistêmica de práticas, na qual estudantes e professora trabalharam de maneira coletiva e colaborativa, por meio do compartilhamento e validação de práticas socioculturais (as práticas epistêmicas), valores, critérios, procedimentos, explicações, ideias, argumentos, etc. Esta pesquisa foi conduzida como um estudo de caso qualitativo. Os dados analisados nesta pesquisa foram coletados por meio de gravações audiovisuais durante as aulas de biologia do primeiro ano do ensino médio (alunos com idades entre 15 e 16 anos) de uma escola pública estadual da cidade de São Paulo. As gravações audiovisuais foram transcritas, organizadas em unidades de análise e interpretadas por meio de rubricas/descritores das categorias de análise. Nossos resultados indicam que o compartilhamento de um objetivo em comum (responder à pergunta de investigação da atividade investigativa), o engajamento com as práticas epistêmicas e os processos de validação e legitimação de técnicas, ferramentas, conhecimentos, procedimentos e evidências, conduziram o grupo sala a um processo de constituir-se como uma comunidade epistêmica de práticas. Nesse processo destaca-se o papel da professora na avaliação e legitimação das proposições dos estudantes, promovendo a consolidação da comunidade e o estabelecimento de critérios para julgamento do que conta como dado, evidência e justificativa na atividade investigativa. Este estudo também trouxe evidências de como a natureza do conhecimento que tematiza a atividade didática influenciou na mobilização de práticas epistêmicas similares às empregadas nos estudos científicos sobre dinâmica de populações. As interações discursivas dos estudantes e da professora evidenciaram um engajamento com práticas epistêmicas muito similares às dos estudos ecológicos de dinâmica de populações, como a utilização e construção de gráficos que expressam a dinâmica da população ao longo do tempo e o estabelecimento de metodologias e técnicas de contagem e amostragem de indivíduos. / Based on the assumptions of sociocultural psychology, scientific literacy, social anthropology and the studies of sociology and philosophy of science, in this dissertation we seek to analyze how the epistemic practices of science mobilized in the teaching and learning of ecology are related to the epistemic practices commonly used in the scientific studies developed in this field of knowledge; and how engaging with such practices has given students the opportunity to appropriate aspects of the scientific culture. In this work we also try to understand how the involvement in a inquiry activity about population dynamics led to the formation of an epistemic community of practices, in which students and teachers worked in a collective and collaborative way, through the sharing and validation of sociocultural practices (epistemic practices), values, criteria, procedures, explanations, ideas, arguments, etc. This research was conducted as a qualitative case study. The data analyzed in this research were collected through audiovisual recordings during biology classes of high school (students aged 15 to 16 years) of a state public school in the city of São Paulo. Audio-visual recordings were transcribed, organized into units of analysis and interpreted through descriptors of analysis categories. Our results indicate that the sharing of a common objective (answering the research question of the inquiry activity), the engagement with epistemic practices and the validation and legitimation processes of techniques, tools, knowledge, procedures and evidence led the group to a process of establishing itself as an epistemic community of practices. In this process, the role of the teacher in the evaluation and legitimation of the students\' proposals is highlighted, promoting the consolidation of the community and establishing criteria for judging what counts as data, evidence and justification in the inquiry activity. This study also provided evidence of how the nature of the knowledge that thematicised the didactic activity influenced the expression of epistemic practices similar to those used in scientific studies on population dynamics. The discursive interactions of the students and the teacher showed an engagement with epistemic practices very similar to those of the ecological studies of population dynamics, such as the use and construction of graphs that express the dynamics of the population over time and the establishment of methodologies and techniques of counting and sampling of individuals.

Ce travail présente une étude théorique de l’ionisation simple par impact électronique appelé (e, 2e) et la photo-double ionisation (γ, 2e) de la molécule CO2. Dans ces expériences complètes les particules émergeant sont détectées en coïncidence. Ceci permet l’étude de la structure électronique de la cible et les mécanismes de l’ionisation. L’originalité de notre approche réside dans l’introduction d’un modèle à trois centres coulombiens (ThCC) satisfaisant les conditions asymptotiques correcte jusqu’à l’ordre de O ((kr) −2 dans la description des électrons émergeant dans le cadre de la première approximation de Born. L’état initial de la cible est décrit par des orbitales de Dyson construites sur une base de fonctions Gaussiennes. Des valeurs empiriques pour l’écrantage des trois noyaux de la cible due aux électrons inactives et pour les paramètres de Sommerfeld dans le potentiel d’interaction et les fonctions Coulombiennes, respectivement, sont introduits pour obtenir un meilleur accord avec les résultats expérimentaux. Pour le cas du photo-double ionisation le double continuum est décrit par un modèle à trois centres corrélé / This work presents a theoretical study of single electron impact ionization called (e, 2e) and the photo-double ionization (γ, 2e) of the CO2 molecule. In these complete experiments, the emerging particles are detected in coincidence. This allows the study of the electronic structure of the target and the mechanisms of the ionization. The novelty of our approach is the introduction of a three-center Coulomb model (ThCC) satisfying the correct asymptotic conditions until the order of O ((kr) −2 in the description of emerging electrons through the first Born approximation. The initial state of the target is described by Dyson orbitals constructed on the basis of Gaussian functions. Empirical values for the screening of the three cores of the target due to the inactive electrons and to Sommerfeld parameters in the interaction potential and Coulomb functions, respectively, are introduced to obtain a better agreement with the experimental results. In the case of photo-double ionization, the double continuum is described by a correlated three centers model