Orientador: Wilson Suzigan / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociencias / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-10T21:41:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Veiga_Rogerioda_M.pdf: 1564369 bytes, checksum: d5de7d0295cc37b57237c71516e34ec5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Resumo: O Brasil é um país com profundas desigualdades, que se expressam em diferentes campos da vida social. A industrialização brasileira não contribuiu para a redução da desigualdade, além de transformá-la em parte integrante de sua estrutura. Por um lado, os produtos e serviços da indústria atendem majoritariamente a uma pequena parcela da população brasileira; por outro, os segmentos de renda mais alta ocupam os melhores empregos. Neste ambiente, surgem as novas Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação (TICs) em um contexto de mudanças no capitalismo mundial, cuja marca é o crescimento da participação do conhecimento no valor dos produtos. Os softwares integram as TICs e são os responsáveis pelo dinamismo e diversidade de aplicações. O software penetra na sociedade em todos os setores da economia e da vida social. Nas atividades produtivas, tem como uma de suas funções ser um insumo na produção, responsável pela organização do conhecimento. Para os indivíduos, permite acesso a uma elevada quantidade de informações e é peça-chave na empregabilidade. A inclusão social no segmento de software deve ser pensada tendo como objetivo a mudança da lógica do modelo de desenvolvimento brasileiro, cujo dinamismo se baseia na diversificação do consumo das classes mais altas, e não na massificação dos produtos já existentes.Uma política voltada para o segmento de software deve envolver dois lados, demanda e oferta. Pelo lado da demanda, a inclusão digital deve ser intensificada e políticas para a difusão do software na economia devem ser criadas. Pelo lado da oferta, a demanda, gerada pela expansão massiva do mercado de software deve ser atendida por empreendimentos formados por pessoas de baixa renda, em um modelo cujo dinamismo reside na adição de novos consumidores no mercado, até incluir a grande maioria da sociedade brasileira / Abstract: Brazil is a country with deep inequalities, observed in many social aspects. Industrialization did not reduce such inequalities, as expected. On the contrary, it developed a production structure that reproduces inequalities. On the one hand manufacturing industry excludes a great number of citizens from the consumption of its products and services. On the other hand, the best industrial jobs are occupied by few people from the higher income classes. In this context, the new Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) as part of the technological evolution of world capitalism, raises the importance of knowledge in the value of final products. Software development activities are an important part of ICTs, responsible for most of its functionalities. Computer programs penetrate in all levels of the economy and society. At the firm level, they function as a kind of raw material for production processes. At the individual level, they are a way to get information and to access a variety of services, including application for a job. Social inclusion in the software segment should aim to change the logic that guides Brazilian development. The dynamism based on the consumption diversification of higher income classes should be changed to a dynamism derived from the spread of the benefits of software to the majority of the population. A policy for the software segment should include a component acting to reduce the digital divide and to diffuse software throughout the economy. Another component should be responsible for establishing a software industry able to attend the market generated by the diffusion of software, having as employees people from the lower income classes / Mestrado / Mestre em Política Científica e Tecnológica

Orientadores: Maria Conceição da Costa, Javier Bustamante Donas / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociencias / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-12T05:01:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Crispim_MonicaCristianeMoreira_M.pdf: 2438981 bytes, checksum: 7a25c3e0ed8c0a05ae6ff494459da535 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Resumo: Esta dissertação tem como objetivo mapear as iniciativas de inclusão sociodigital da cidade de Cuiabá (MT). A hipótese inicial da pesquisa é a de que existe um número expressivo de iniciativas, mas que estas se desenvolvem de modo desarticulado. A opção metodológica foi, num primeiro momento, a delimitação do referencial analítico conceitual sobre o tema e um estudo qualitativo exploratório das iniciativas de inclusão sociodigital no município. Para tanto, realizou-se entrevistas semi-estruturadas com gestores, professores e participantes das iniciativas. Ao todo foram detectas 27 iniciativas categorizadas em cinco grupos: Pessoas com Necessidades Educacionais Especiais, Educação e Comunidade, Mercado e Trabalho, Serviços Governamentais e Entidades de Apoio. Os dados qualitativos foram compilados e analisados para elaborar um levantamento detalhado das ações. Revelando suas especificidades, características, dificuldades e as interações existentes na rede de inclusão sociodigital. Para compreender melhor as relações e os elos de cada iniciativa dessa rede, optou-se por representar graficamente suas inter-relações. Para visualizar a dispersão ou a concentração, foram elaborados mapas geográficos dos pontos de inclusão sociodigital do município de Cuiabá. Os resultados deste trabalho serão relevantes para os futuros estudos, pois apresenta as iniciativas existentes, discute as necessidades, aponta para um potencial latente de expansão e oportunidades. A pesquisa assinala para a demanda de política pública de inclusão sociodigital no município que priorize o planejamento participativo em prol de um desenvolvimento mais sustentável e solidário das ações de inclusão. / Abstract: This dissertation has as objective maps the initiatives of inclusion sociodigital of the city of Cuiaba (MT). the initial hypothesis of the research is the that an expressive number of initiatives exists, but that these they grow in a disjointed way. The methodological option was, in a first moment, the delimitation of the conceptual analytical referential on the theme and an exploratory qualitative study of the initiatives of inclusion sociodigital in the municipal district. For so much, it took place interviews semi-structured with managers, teachers and participants of the initiatives. To the whole they went detect 27 initiatives classified in five groups: People with Special Education Needs, Education and Community, Market and Work, Government Services and Entities of Support. The qualitative data were compiled and analyzed to elaborate a detailed rising of the actions. Revealing their specificities, characteristics, difficulties and the existent interactions in the net of inclusion sociodigital. To understand the relationships and the links of each initiative of that net better, she opted to represent their interrelations graphically. To visualize the dispersion or the concentration, geographical maps of the points of inclusion sociodigital of the municipal district of Cuiaba were elaborated. The results of this work will be relevant for the futures studies, because it presents the existent initiatives, it discusses the needs, it appears for a latent potential of expansion and opportunities. The research marks for the demand of public politics of inclusion sociodigital in the municipal district that prioritizes the planning participatory on behalf of a more maintainable and solidary development of the inclusion actions. / Mestrado / Mestre em Política Científica e Tecnológica

Orientador: Maria Cecilia Calani Baranauskas / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Computação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-12T08:59:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Hornung_HeikoHorst_M.pdf: 2237274 bytes, checksum: d8329b2e979c07802514aa9b26b8b128 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Resumo: Serviços do governo eletrônico (eGov, do inglês: electronic government/e-government) são um veículo de comunicação entre as entidades do governo nos diferentes níveis (municipal, estadual, etc.) e os cidadãos. Além de tornar ações do governo mais transparentes e aumentar a eficiência e eficácia, esses serviços visam fortalecer a democracia oferecendo a possibilidade de participação dos cidadãos nos processos democráticos. Para tais fins, serviços de eGov precisam possibilitar o acesso pela população inteira, isto é para pessoas com diferentes competências ou necessidades específicas. A contribuição desse trabalho envolve mostrar caminhos para como interfaces de usuário de serviços de eGov podem ser projetados de uma maneira inclusiva, respeitando a diversidade de uma população. Partindo de uma análise do contexto brasileiro, esse trabalho mostra tanto as principais diferenças entre serviços de eGov e outras aplicações web quanto as diferenças entre países em desenvolvimento e países desenvolvidos a esse respeito. O principal desafio identificado é a adaptaçãao de métodos tradicionais ao contexto de serviços inclusivos de eGov. No próximo passo identificamos barreiras do acesso ao serviços de eGov por usuários com necessidades específicas como diferentes de eficiências, baixo letramento ou baixo letramento digital. Propomos o conceito de técnicas assistivas" que ampliam a visão limitada de tecnologias assistivas para o contexto de nosso cenário, isto é, um uso por pessoas que usam serviços em diferentes situações, inclusive de eficiências. Os desafios identificados e diferentes experiências trazidas de projetos nos motivaram a propor um framework para o design socialmente responsável. Os elementos principais desse framework são métodos e técnicas da Semiótica Organizacional e do Design Participativo para atingir uma visão sócio-tecnica dos problemas de design. Esses métodos e técnicas são aplicados em Práticas Participativas Inclusivas em um Cenário*, um grupo de representantes de usuários finais que foram escolhidos como imagem de características encontradas na sociedade brasileira. Por fim analisamos um conjunto de protótipos que foram criados dentro do contexto do framework de design socialmente responsável. Como o design de serviços inclusivos de eGov depende de fatores culturais entre outros, criamos um design rationale abstrato que discute diferentes questões de design e assim visa apoiar o designer na tomada de decisões adequadas ao respectivo contexto. / Abstract: Electronic government (eGov) services are means of communication between entities of the government (on local, state or other levels) and the citizens. Besides making actions of the government more transparent and increasing efficiency and effectiveness, such servicees aim to strengthen democracy by offering citizens possibilities to participate in democratic processes. Thus, eGov services have to enable access to the whole population, including people with different competencies or special needs. The contribution of this work involves showing ways of creating user interfaces to eGov services inclusively and respecting the diversity of the population. Starting with an analysis of the Brazilian country context, this work shows the main differences between eGov services and other web applications as well as differences between developing and developed countries regarding those applications. The principal challenge that has been identified is that of adapting traditional methods to the context of inclusive eGov services. In the next step we identify barriers of access to eGov services that are imposed on users with special needs like impairments, low literacy or low digital literacy. We propose the concept of \assistive techniques" to extend the limited vision of assistive technologies to the context of our scenario, i.e. to people with special needs besides impairments who make use of eGov services in different situations. The challenges identified and different experiences from diffrent projects motivated us to propose a framework for socially responsible design. The main elements of this framework are methods and techniques from Organizational Semiotics and Participatory Design in order to get a socio-technical vision of design problems. These methods and techniques are employed during Participatory Inclusive Practices in a Cenário*, a group of end user representatives that has been composed to mirror the characteristics of the Brazilian society. Finally, we analyze a set of prototypes that have been created within the context of the framework of socially responsible design. Since the design of inclusive eGov services depends on cultural and other factors, we created an abstract design rationale that discusses different design issues and thus supports the designer in taking decisions that are tailored to the respective context. / Mestrado / Mestre em Ciência da Computação

A economia da informação é o termo utilizado para designar o período econômico atual, no qual a informação - especialmente por meio da produção de tecnologia e da geração de inovação - tem grande relevância para a condução dos negócios e também para a geração de valor agregado. Tecnologia e inovação seriam, portanto, o motor de uma nova economia, cujo centro não é mais a produção em escala, mas sim a produção com o emprego maciço de informação e conhecimento. Nesse ambiente, as empresas devem buscar criar e compartilhar informações, conhecimentos e inovações. O investimento nas tecnologias da informação e comunicação (TICs), permite o acesso à informação e ao conhecimento, bem como uma rápida integração inter e intra organizacional. Há, entretanto, pessoas, organizações e países desprovidos de acesso ou com baixos níveis de acesso às (TICs), ou aos benefícios dessas; são classificados como excluídos digitais. Os excluídos digitais estão à parte dessa nova realidade mundial. Diante desse cenário, o objetivo deste estudo é entender a exclusão digital de empresas no Brasil, fenômeno que atinge, especialmente, as pequenas e médias empresas (PMEs) e que, no entanto, permanece um tema pouco debatido na literatura nacional. Para esse propósito, inicialmente foi proposto e construído um índice de uso das TICs, por meio do qual foi possível revelar padrões de exclusão digital em nível setorial, por porte de empresas e por regiões geográficas do país. Na sequência, tendo o índice construído, esta pesquisa buscou correlacionar fatores que contribuem para um maior índice de uso das TICs nas empresas, de forma que se possa reduzir a exclusão digital das PME, por meio de práticas gerenciais e/ou governamentais. Para atingir os objetivos desta pesquisa, foram utilizados os microdados de 2011 da pesquisa TIC Empresas, realizada anualmente pelo Comitê Gestor da Internet (CGI). Naquele ano, a pesquisa contou com mais de 5.000 empresas, que foram selecionadas aleatoriamente obedecendo a critérios de amostragem. Também foram utilizadas as técnicas estatísticas de análise fatorial, adaptada para dados binários; de modelagem de equações estruturais; e de regressão múltipla. / Information economy is the term used to describe the current economic period, in which the information - especially through the generation of technology and innovation - is material to the conduct of business and also to the generation of value. Technology and innovation are, therefore, the engine of a new economy which center is not the large-scale production, but the production with the massive use of information and knowledge. Hence companies should seek and share information, knowledge and innovations. Investment in information and communication technologies (ICTs), allows access to information and knowledge, as well as a fast inter and inner organizational integration. There are, however, people, organizations and countries without access or with low levels of access to ICT, or to its benefits; the so called digitally excluded. The digitally excluded are apart from this new global reality. In this scenario, the objective of this study is to understand the digital exclusion of companies in Brazil, a phenomenon that affects especially small and medium enterprises (SMEs) which, however, remains a somewhat less debated topic in the national literature. At first, it was proposed and built an index of the use of ICT, through which it was possible to reveal patterns of digital exclusion in the sectorial level, by size of business and by geographical areas of the country. The following step was to search to correlate factors that contribute to a higher rate of ICT use index in enterprises, so that we can reduce digital exclusion of SMEs through management and/or governmental practices. We used the micro-data of the 2011 wave of the\"ICT Companies Survey\" as the main source for this research. \"ICT Companies Survey\" is conducted annually by the Brazilian Internet Steering Committee (CGI). In the 2011 wave, the survey covered more than 5,000 companies, which were randomly selected, according to criteria of sampling. Statistical techniques were also used as factor analysis, adapted for binary data; structural equation modeling; and multiple regression.

The refugee crisis is currently a major world event. However, not much is known about the technology adoption and digital skills of those fleeing these conflicts and seeking asylum in foreign countries. To study this, a qualitative study was conducted in Umeå, Sweden. Data was collected through interviews, written responses and observations. The results show that refugees and asylum seekers have positive attitude towards digital technology adoption. However, they perceived digital technology primarily as tools to fulfil their recreational needs. A strategic use of technology for improving productivity was not evident. While formal internet skills were generally common among every user, most interviewees were not able to carry out more complex tasks, such as finding facts online, as they found it particularly challenging to select appropriate search systems and to construct meaningful queries. This research wants to contribute to the literature in IT and social inclusion. The findings reported here suggest that digital divide can be conceptualized as digital illiteracy because of lacking awareness over data management and information processing capabilities. Moreover, identifying the digital practices of these minority groups could be extremely meaningful for the digital inclusion strategy efforts of Sweden and for a better design of public services.

Doctorat en sciences sociales, politiques et économiques / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Diploma thesis is focused on social stratification aspects of internet use, as a part of leisure time activities and consequently as a potential part of cultural capital. The main objective of this paper is to make a link between Bourdieusian tradition of research of cultural capital and research tradition of stratification aspects of internet use (especially digital divide). The author is trying to prove if the type of internet usage could be considered as a part of cultural capital. In the first, theoretical part of this text, the author is presenting both research traditions concerned, trying to synthetize them and concluding that internet usage can be considered as a capital. In the second, analytical part of this paper, the author is using data from World Internet Project to provide, that the theoretical synthesis have some empirical support. The analysis proves that the structure of Czech internet users' activities are differentiated by their cultural capital level. On the basis of this analysis, we can conclude that more powerful differentiation between types of internet usages is provided by traditional form of cultural capital, rather than by the emerging one. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

The purpose of this case study was to establish the influence of the Internet on the use of computers by teachers at a primary school in a lower socio-economic community in South Africa. The study investigates to what extent the use of the Internet as a source of information and communication motivated teachers to apply the computer for other purposes. A project was implemented to find answers to the main question: “What influence did the Internet have on the integration of computers at a primary school in a lower socio-economic community in South Africa?” During this project teachers were introduced to the Internet, and attended a five months’ course in computer training, offered once a week, for one hour after school. Special attention was paid to factors that influenced the use of the Internet and the computer. The main focus was on factors such as motivation, training, support, time, the attitude of teachers and their access to computers. Answers to how the Internet contributed to the use of the computer for educational purposes were also noted. In this study the training and support offered to teachers played a major role in their use of the Internet and the computer. Teachers wanted training on aspects that would be useful and relevant to them. They mostly needed support with the technical aspects of the computer and the software. Prior to the project the teachers’ computer skills were limited. By the end of the project their skills had improved, as there was a 42% growth in communication through e-mail, a 67% growth in searching for information on the Internet, a 50% growth in the use of the computer for school administration and a 83% growth in the use of word processing. Other factors that also played a major role in the successful use of the Internet and the computer were the policies of the school’s management team, specifically those policies that made access to computer technology possible. The study recommended that policies on the use of the Internet and the computer (acceptable use policy) should be in place. The study concluded that Internet skills had a definite influence on teachers’ use of the computer. / Dissertation (MEd (Computer-Integrated Education))--University of Pretoria, 2008. / Curriculum Studies / unrestricted

El presente estudio contrasta el efecto que genera Facebook en nativos e inmigrantes digitales peruanos, durante la interacción con el otro y en la construcción de su identidad virtual. Durante el proceso de investigación se conversó con dieciocho jóvenes y doce adultos a través de entrevistas a profundidad y grupos focales; y se descubrió que Facebook se presenta como una plataforma que logra uniformizar la apropiación de esta red social en dos generaciones estereotipadas como opuestas, al estar separadas por una brecha tecnológica. Vemos que la brecha va desapareciendo y la digitalización de la identidad, dentro de Facebook, sienta sus propias reglas de juego cuando nativos e inmigrantes pertenecen a un mismo contexto social y comparten un estilo de vida. / Trabajo de investigación

This study attempts to shed light on the efficacy of crowdsourcing as a means of translating web content in Canada. Within, we seek to explore and understand if a model can be created that can estimate the effectiveness of crowdsourced translation as a means of bridging the Canadian Linguistic Digital Divide. To test our hypotheses and models, we use structural equation modeling techniques coupled with confidence intervals for comparing experimental crowdsourced translation to both professional and machine translation baselines. Furthermore, we explore a variety of factors which influence the quality of the experimental translations, how those translations performed in the context of their source text, and the ways in which the views of the quality of the experimental translations were measured before and after participants were made aware of how the experimental translations were created.