Introduktion: Migration har alltid förekommit i större delar av världen, men har under de senaste 25 åren ökat. Enligt World Migration Report fanns det över 280 miljoner migranter under 2020, varav 90 miljoner befaras vara flyktingar eller asylsökande. Att integrera i ett nytt land kan vara svårt och många migranter möter både interna och externa barriärer vid den vidare bosättningen. För migranten är den digitala utvecklingen vital och kan på många sätt underlätta integrationen i samhället. Syfte: Syftet med studien är att undersöka vilka digitala möjligheter och utmaningar migranter ställs inför i ett nytt land.  Metod: Den metod som applicerades var en strukturerad litteraturstudie, där artiklar samlades in i databaserna CINAHL, Scopus och Web of Science. 11 artiklar inkluderades, och analyserades genom en tematisk analys med induktiv ansats. Resultat: Den tematiska analysen resulterade i identifierandet av sju teman, samt 14 underrubriker. Resultatet påvisade en komplex relation mellan migranters digitala möjligheter och utmaningar. Digitala medel kan gynna integration i samhället, men är också en risk för socialt utanförskap. Slutsats: Digitala möjligheter reflekteras genom olika aspekter som underlättar integrationen i samhället. Likväl, är dessa möjligheter endast befintliga för de individer som har tillgång och kunskap att bruka digitala medel. / Introduction: Migration has always occurred around most parts of the world, but has increased in the past 25 years. According to the World Migration Report there was over 280 million migrants during 2020, which of 90 million was refugees or asylum seekers. To integrate in a new country can be challenging and many migrants face both internal and external barriers during their settlement. For the migrant, the digital development is vital and can aid the integration in the new society. Aim: The aim of this study is to examine what digital opportunities and challenges migrants face when settling in a new location.  Methods: The applied method was a structured literature review, where articles were gathered from the databases CINAHL, Scopus and Web of Science. 11 articles were included and analysed through thematic analysis with an inductive approach. Results: The thematic analysis resulted in the identification of seven themes, and 14 subcategories. The result demonstrated a complex relation between migrants’ digital opportunities and challenges. Digital means can help integration in society, but also pose as a risk for social exclusion.  Conclusion: Digital opportunities is reflected through several aspects which facilitates integration in society. Yet, these are possibilities only for the individuals who has access and knowledge on how to use digital means.

Digital content production on user generated Internet media sites has opened up new channels for creators to publish and exhibit their work. This exploratory study uses content analysis, survey, and interview responses from the “I Love Ladies” survey circulating on YouTube, an initiative to encourage dialogue about women and digital content production, in order to identify the cultural and structural aspects of the medium which shape women’s participation and recognition. This community-driven initiative is used as an entry point into the user experiences, site structure, and socio-cultural context of YouTube to better understand how inclusion and exclusion function in discourse communities on commercial, user-generated Internet media sites. By tracking disparities between what is discussed and what is not referenced by participants of this initiative, I developed a series of possible interventions to foster more equal and meaningful participation in Internet content production. The study is therefore designed to forward the feminist agenda toward social justice and greater equality with regard to distribution, recognition, and representation for women (Fraser, 2010). This study contributes empirical evidence and actual user perspectives to work towards a more nuanced understanding of how commercial, user-generated Internet media content can enable and constrain civic engagement for historically underrepresented groups.

Utvecklingen i samhället går i riktning mot att glesbygden avbefolkas, serviceställen och fysiska servicepunkter försvinner. Detta är något som påverkar landsbygden mycket. Denna studie syftar till att beskriva hur en digital transformation i form av en digital butik påverkar ett litet samhälle i Norrland. Studien är en undersökande studie med en kvalitativ metodologi, analys och datainsamling. De teoretiska referensram som ligger till grund för studien och som används i analysen är digital transformation, digitaliseringsstrategi, smarta byar och den digitala klyftan. De slutsatser studien kommer fram till är att införandet av en digital lösning har lett till framtidstro, förenklat vardagen samt gett en mer levande glesbygd. Genom digitaliseringens möjligheter har man hittat en lösning som är ekonomisk gångbar. / Developments in society are moving in the direction of depopulation of sparsely populated areas, and the disappearing of service points and physical service points disappearing. This is something that affects the countryside a lot. This study aims to describe how a digital transformation in the form of a digital store affects a small community in the most northern part of Sweden, Norrland. The study is a research study with a qualitative methodology, analysis and data collection. The theoretical frames of reference that form the basis of the study and that are used in the analysis are digital transformation, digitization strategy, smart villages, the digital divide. The conclusions of the study are that the introduction of a digital solution has led to hope for the future, simplified everyday life and provided a more vibrant sparsely populated area. Through the possibilities of digitalization, a solution has been found that is economically viable.

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This thesis aims to explore the current situation, challenges, and proposed recommendation of digitally-disadvantaged languages (DDL) in the social and digital context from six stakeholders' perspectives: academia, civil society organizations, for-profit corporations, government, language community, and language supporters, with additional language policy analysis in Indonesia and Sweden. Three interrelated theories - the digital divide, ecolinguistics, and digital justice - provide a framework for understanding digitally-disadvantaged languages' situations and challenges. The thesis employs semi-structured interviews for data collection and thematic analysis to analyze the collected data, and a comparative policy analysis accompanies it on digital language regulation in Indonesia and Sweden. Two established frameworks on general digital development issues, Principles for Digital Development (PDD) and Digital Justice Principles (DJP), were introduced to compare these languages’ challenges and propose recommendations for their future. Although the comparison demonstrates a strong connection between these established principles and these languages, there is still a need for a tailored framework focused explicitly on digitally-disadvantaged languages. The thesis concludes with the final result: collaborative efforts among stakeholders, especially the language community as the central actor and the government as the regulator, are the key to improving digital support and accommodating the need for digitally-disadvantaged languages.

The Digital Doorway (DD) project provides computing infrastructure in impoverished communities in South Africa. DD terminals offer opportunities for unassisted- and peerassisted learning of basic computer skills, and varying computing activities ranging from entertainment, to independent research. This study addresses software application usage, and how it relates to user demographics (age and gender) and location, in order to better understand both the user base, and the nature and extent of DD interactions. A mixed-methods approach is employed, involving log-files, interviews, questionnaires, and naturalistic observation; to build up a holistic picture of application usage and user behaviour at selected sites. Important issues with respect to ICT for Education and Development in the DD context, are addressed. Analysis of the data indicates notable trends, and relationships between age, gender, location, and application usage. User behaviour and environmental effects on usage are discussed, and recommendations provided for future DDs and similar initiatives. / Computing / M. Tech. (Information Technology)

This dissertation acknowledges that despite the global initiatives towards an inclusive information society, there are still some disparities in how communities access and use the information and communication technologies (ICTs) that are available. These disparities, or digital divide, have been interpreted and addressed from different interrelated theoretical view points. The provision of ICTs through public access centres has been widely applauded as one of the strategies to enable especially disadvantaged communities to participate in today‟s information led economy. Botswana has adopted the just noted approach. The country has also developed policies and supportive infrastructure to enable especially the rural communities to be part of the global information society. It is however regrettable that access and usage of ICT‟s is still notably low in rural communities. The concern over this worrisome situation motivated this study to explore the factors that enabled or inhibited access and use of ICTs that were available to the Letlhakeng community through public access centres. This descriptive case study was conducted in four sequential stages: designing, conducting the research, data analysis and development of conclusions. The study was characterized by a continued comparative analysis of data which was collected through interviews; observation and review of related documents from the service providers; the users and non users of the services. The Letlhakeng community had access to ICTs through individually owned stand alone centres and from government supported centres. These centres were used by both residents of Letlhakeng and people from nearby villages. The factors that promoted or inhibited access and use of the available ICTs differed within and between these communities. Despite the observed digital divide, the Letlhakeng community used the ICT public centres to access social services. There is a need to develop strategies to increase access to more technologies in the village and to equip the community / Information Science / D. Litt. et Phil. (Information Science)

Thesis explores the ways in which Information and Communication Technology (ICT)use, specifically that of telephones and the Internet, impacts the lives of Eritrean refugees in Rome, Italy. Informal interviews, semi-structured interviews, and participant observation were carried out in a 'center of second reception.' Results show that information obtained through the use of ICT acts on the imaginations of refugees, encouraging or discouraging movement to alternative locations. ICT use can help maintain a sense of emotional "closeness" to family members abroad for some, but not for others. Limitations in access to ICT exist for the refugees and their families in Eritrea that crosscut multiple socio-demographic categories. Finally, surveillance, enacted through ICT use, negotiates power between the Eritrean state and its subjects in the diaspora. / Graduation date: 2012

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The Digital Doorway (DD) project provides computing infrastructure in impoverished communities in South Africa. DD terminals offer opportunities for unassisted- and peerassisted learning of basic computer skills, and varying computing activities ranging from entertainment, to independent research. This study addresses software application usage, and how it relates to user demographics (age and gender) and location, in order to better understand both the user base, and the nature and extent of DD interactions. A mixed-methods approach is employed, involving log-files, interviews, questionnaires, and naturalistic observation; to build up a holistic picture of application usage and user behaviour at selected sites. Important issues with respect to ICT for Education and Development in the DD context, are addressed. Analysis of the data indicates notable trends, and relationships between age, gender, location, and application usage. User behaviour and environmental effects on usage are discussed, and recommendations provided for future DDs and similar initiatives. / Computing / M. Tech. (Information Technology)