Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T16:19:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Frederico Letras.pdf: 2839715 bytes, checksum: 2d63d0455281cd747cebbe33b7a679c7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-03-27 / This study proposes to examine the book Echoes: the jewel of Pandora, of the goiana poet Yêda Schmaltz. To do so, she takes as its leitmotif the update, processed in the book, the myths of Echo and Narcissus. The reinvention of classical myths noticed in Echoes is exemplary of an applicant in the work of the author, which is, in the narratives of antiquity, one of the main centers of creation of her literature. In this case, the archetypal mythological women are treated in different and successive books in order to reveal the various stages of psychological growth of women. In Echoes, the character of the same name, unlike the original narrative, overcomes the rejection and beats the challenges of loving relationship. This overcoming causes in the I lyric the reach of the true love, which necessarily involves the development of self, the self-love, only to then distribute it to the others. Considering the development of this study, first of all, there will be a presentation of the author and her literature. Then, as this study includes the upgrade of classical myths in a modern poet, it will present some considerations on myth and on the relationship myth and poetry, seeking, as possible, establish a dialogue between these considerations and poems of the book covered. Finally, the procedure will be to rescue the narrative of Echo and Narcissus, as it appears in Ovid, the recovery of interpretations and theories about the narrative and also to examine, through the comment of paradigmatic poems, recovering the difference that Yêda Schmaltz stablishes about the myths of Echo and Narcissus / Este estudo propõe examinar o livro Ecos: a jóia de Pandora, da poeta goiana Yêda Schmaltz. Para tal, toma como fio condutor a atualização, processada no livro, dos mitos de Eco e Narciso. A reinvenção de mitos clássicos notada em Ecos é exemplar de um processo recorrente na obra da autora, a qual encontra, nas narrativas da Antiguidade, um dos principais núcleos de criação de sua obra. Nesse processo, os arquétipos mitológicos femininos são tratados em diferentes e sucessivos livros, de modo a revelar as diversas etapas do crescimento psicológico da mulher. Em Ecos, a personagem de mesmo nome, diferentemente da narrativa original, supera a rejeição e vence os desafios da relação amorosa. Essa superação faz com que o eu lírico alcance o amor autêntico, que perpassa obrigatoriamente pela valorização de si mesmo, pelo auto-amor, para só em seguida distribuílo aos outros. No desenvolvimento deste estudo, primeiramente, far-se-á uma apresentação da autora e da sua obra. Em seguida, como o trabalho contempla a atualização de mitos clássicos em uma poeta moderna, serão apresentadas algumas considerações sobre mito e sobre a relação mito e poesia, procurando, sempre que possível, estabelecer um diálogo entre essas considerações e poemas do livro contemplado. Por fim, proceder-se-á ao resgate da narrativa de Eco e Narciso, conforme aparece em Ovídio, à recuperação de interpretações e teorias sobre essa narrativa e também ao exame, por meio de comentário de poemas paradigmáticos, da recuperação com diferença que Yêda Schmaltz realiza dos mitos de Eco e Narciso

Subtropical mode water is a voluminous body of water in the ocean whose main feature is the homogeneity in both vertical structure and horizontal extension. The subtropical mode water (STMW) of the southwest Atlantic is formed between the months of July and October near the Brazil-Malvinas confluence and along the Brazil Current recirculation gyre. The formation region extends on the order of 3000 km zonally, from 20°W to 50°W, and 1000 km meridionally, from 30°S to 40°S, and it is typically about 170 m thick. In situ data from pressure-equipped inverted echo sounders (PIES) installed in the western portion of the basin, along 34.5°S, are available from 2009 to the present. These data after processed and calibrated can provide an unprecedented description of the STMW involving processes since its formation at the surface until the final stage of its residence in the interior of the ocean. Temperature and salinity data estimated by the PIES are based on empirical look-up tables that relate the acoustic travel time with the baroclinic structure of the ocean. This technique is known as the Gravest Empirical Mode (GEM), and here it is used to detect profiles containing homogeneous segments of temperature and salinity that characterize the mode water. The GEM method was seasonally corrected to reconstruct surface variability necessary for STMW formation. The interannual covariance between STMW layer thickness and the Brazil Current was calculated, but no significant correlation at that time scale was observed. The mode water layer detected was about 220 m ± 55 m thick on all sites, agreeing with previous studies. / A água modal subtropical é um grande volume de água no oceano cuja característica principal é a homogeneidade nas estruturas vertical e horizontal. A água modal subtropical do sudoeste do Atlântico é formada entre os meses de julho e outubro perto da confluência Brasil-Malvinas e ao longo da recirculação da Corrente do Brasil. A região de formação se estende na ordem de 3000 km zonalmente, de 20°W a 50°W e 1000 km meridionalmente, de 30°S a 40°S, e tipicamente tem cerca de 170 m de espessura. Dados in situ de ecossondas invertidas com sensor de pressão (PIES) instaladas na porção ocidental da bacia, ao longo de 34,5°S, estão disponíveis a partir de 2009 até o presente. Estes dados após o processamento e calibração podem fornecer uma descrição sem precedentes da Água Modal Subtropical do Atlântico Sul envolvendo processos desde sua formação na superfície até o estágio final de sua permanência no interior do oceano. Os dados de temperatura e salinidade estimados pelos PIES são baseados em tabelas de referência (look-up tables) que relacionam o tempo de retorno do sinal acústico com a estrutura baroclínica do oceano. Esta técnica é conhecida como o Gravest Empirical Mode (GEM),e aqui é usado para detectar perfis contendo segmentos homogêneos de temperatura e salinidade que caracterizam a água modal. Foi aplicada uma correção sazonal ao método GEM para reconstruir a variabilidade da superfície necessária para a formação STMW. A covariância interanual entre a espessura da camada STMW e a corrente do Brasil foi calculada, mas não foi observada correlação significativa naquela escala de tempo. A camada de água em modo detectada foi de cerca de 220 m ± 55 m de espessura em todos os sites, concordando com estudos prévios.

Discrete and Continuous spatial encoding methods are described with details of understanding principles and practical implications. Step by step experimental op- timization procedure of these methods to achieve slice selection are also discussed. In the subsequent chapters we use these methods for different applications. Spin-lattice relaxation parameters of NMR active nuclei provide valuable infor- mation on molecular dynamics. Single scan selective excitation methods of mea- surement of T1 result in significant reduction of time compared to the standard inversion recovery method and are attractive tools of applications in `Real time' NMR investigations of biological and chemical processes. It is shown here that the addition of the gradient echo following the selective excitation not only significantly improves the S/N ratio, but also makes GESSIR a versatile pulse sequence. Using this sequence, T1 values ranging from 2 s to 56 s have been measured with accuracy comparable to the standard IR experiment. This indicates that it is possible to utilize GESSIR for a wide range of molecules containing protons and hetero nuclei with medium to long T1 relaxation times as a routine NMR technique. The utility of the technique for studying other relaxation parameters has also been demonstrated. It may be mentioned that for measurement of relaxation parameters routinely, a few well-chosen points are enough. A fine selection of large number of experimental points could be useful when high accuracy is required or Chapter 3. GESSIR 91 for applications where certain property of the system investigated is changing in a continuous manner spatially and requires large number of slices to be selected as discussed in the next chapter. The long duration of time-honored two dimensional experiments is reduced to fraction of seconds by employing the ultrafast encoding experiments. Main com- plications in making the UF experiments available for routine use were the limited spectral widths and resolution in both UF and conventional dimensions. Various developments have been made in the path of improvements in increasing the spectral width in UF dimension. Of these, two experimental methods that are already proposed, namely the folding of peaks into the observable spectral window and the interleaved acquisition which doubles the spectral widths in both dimensions. The integration of covariance processing with ultrafast technique yields better correlated spectrum with considerable improvement in resolution. The effectiveness of the new processing is demonstrated for UF COSY experiments which can be easily extended to other ultrafast homonuclear experiments like TOCSY, NOESY as well as multi dimensions. The proposed processing method is an initial step to work on improving resolutions of UF data and making the ease of applicability of ultrafast spectroscopy as a routine multidimensional NMR. At the same time of this work W. Qui et.al [268] proposed a processing method based on covariance and pattern recognition for improving resolutions of spatially encoded data. They used pattern recognition algorithm also for avoiding the artifacts due to very low resolution data available with the UF experiment. They implemented the method UF TOCSY spectra and shown resolution improvement with the covariance pro- cessing for relatively more number of detection gradients which is many times hardware limited. Our method of covariance data processing is essentially same as that of Qui, less number of acquisition gradients were used in our processing, linear prediction and apodization concepts were utilized and the artifacts arise due mismatch of datas with positive and negative acquisition gradients are minimized by shifting one the data. In conclusion new methods of processing/the combination of various processing methods of the ultrafast data have the scope of improving the quality of ultrafast NMR spectra.

No description available.

There are a large number of research vessels and fishing vessels equipped with echosounders plying the world ocean, making continual observations of the ocean interior. Developing data collation programmes (e.g. Integrated Marine Observing System) and automated, repeatable analyses techniques enable the upper c. 1,200 meters of the world ocean to be sampled routinely, and for their characteristic deep scattering layers (DSLs) to be compared. Deep scattering layers are comprised of zooplankton (e.g. euphausiids) and fish, particularly myctophids or lantern fish, and comprise the majority of sub-surface biomass. Here we present, by the analysis of a global acoustic dataset, a mesopelagic biogeography of the sea. This was accomplished by (i) the collation and processing of a global active acoustic dataset, (ii) the development of a standardised and automated method of sound scattering layer (SSL) extraction and description, (iii) the derivation of the environmental drivers of DSL depth and biomass, (iv) the definition of a mesopelagic biogeography based on the drivers of DSL metrics and (v) the prediction, using output from the NEMO-MEDUSA-2.0 coupled model, of how the metrics and biogeography may change by 2100. Key findings include, the development of the Sound Scattering Layer Extraction Method (SSLEM) the inference that primary production, water temperature and wind stress are key drivers in DSL depth and biomass and that mesopelagic fish biomass may increase by 2100. Such an increase is a result of increased trophic efficiency from the shallowing of DSLs and rising water temperatures, suggesting, that as the climate warms the ocean is becoming more efficient. The biophysical relationships and biogeography derived here, serve to improve our understanding of mesopelagic mid-trophic level dynamics in open-ocean ecosystems. This will aid both fisheries and conservation management, which now adopt more holistic approaches when monitoring and evaluating ecosystem health and stability.

Le déploiement des répéteurs iso-fréquence est une solution économique pour étendre la couverture d’un émetteur principal aux zones d’ombre. Cependant, ce mode de déploiement fait apparaître le phénomène des échos radio-fréquence entre antennes d’émission et de réception du répéteur. Selon les standards, un écho aussi faible soit-il réduit le débit de la liaison radio, tandis qu’un écho fort fait courir au répéteur le risque d’endommager ses circuits électroniques, ces risques sont dûs aux ondulations de puissance créées par les échos. L’objectif de cette thèse à caractère industriel est d’étudier ce phénomène naturel en considérant des signaux provenant de différents standards des télécommunications. Cette étude permet une caractérisation des échos radio-fréquence pour mieux s’orienter vers une solution optimisée et industriellement réalisable.Nous nous sommes orientés vers la solution du traitement du signal avancé en favorisant le filtrage adaptatif pour sa rapidité de convergence et sa simplicité relative d’implantation matérielle. Les circuits reconfigurables sont retenus pour leur prix et leur souplesse. L’implantation des solutions est effectuée en virgule fixe afin de satisfaire les exigences de réactivité. Durant la mise en oeuvre de la solution anti-écho, nous avons proposé une multitude de solutions numériques souples et fiables. À partir de ce constat, notre partenaire industriel a décidé de généraliser ce mode de traitement par le développement, la fabrication et la commercialisation de répéteurs de nouvelle génération entièrement numériques. / On-frequency repeaters are a cost-effective solution to extend coverage and enhance wireless communications, especially in shadow areas. However, coupling between the receiving antenna and the transmitting antenna, called radio frequency echo, increases modulation errors and creates oscillations in the system when the echo power is high. According to the communication standards, extremely weak echoes decrease the transmission rate, while strong echoes damage electroni ccircuits because of power peaks. This thesis aims at characterizing the echo phenomenon under different modulations, and proposing an optimized solution directly integrated to industry. We have turned to digital solutions especially the adaptive because of their high convergence rate and their simplicity to be implemented. The programmable circuits are chosen for their attractive price and their flexibility. When implementing echo cancellation solution, we proposed several reliable solutions, showing that digital processing is much more beneficial. For this reason, digital solutions are generalized, and the new generation of repeaters is fully digital.

The aim of this thesis is to study how students perceive and handle internet’s continuous flow of information in everyday life, through news report, social media and targeted advertising. By examining the students attitudes and thoughts about the extent to which they find the information they meet relevant this study seeks to understand how they find what is relevant to them and how they limit the intake of information by different combinations of selection processes. For this purpose interviews were carried out with seven university students from different fields and levels. Three categories of theories about selection processes serves as a theoretical framework for the analysis and results. The categories are referred to as external, personalized and personal factors. The external factors include gatekeeping theory, news valuation and agenda theory and the personalized factors include theories about filter bubbles and echo chambers. The personal factors include strategies to avoid information overload such as filtering and withdrawing, it also includes satisficing as a stop rule for information seeking.  The study shows that the three categories of selection processes are affected by emotional factors referred to as simplicity, interest and sensation. These drives the student to get more deeply informed. The students attitudes towards personalized information shows to be divided between if it should be more firmly adapted to each individual, or if that would increase the feeling of being monitored. In the students reflections regarding saved information emerges three feelings of negativity described as reluctance, lack of control and unease. Despite these feelings of negativity the phenomenon is accepted. Seeing that the alternative is disconnecting from modern society and life, acceptance shows to be the most reasonable alternative.

Subtropical mode water is a voluminous body of water in the ocean whose main feature is the homogeneity in both vertical structure and horizontal extension. The subtropical mode water (STMW) of the southwest Atlantic is formed between the months of July and October near the Brazil-Malvinas confluence and along the Brazil Current recirculation gyre. The formation region extends on the order of 3000 km zonally, from 20°W to 50°W, and 1000 km meridionally, from 30°S to 40°S, and it is typically about 170 m thick. In situ data from pressure-equipped inverted echo sounders (PIES) installed in the western portion of the basin, along 34.5°S, are available from 2009 to the present. These data after processed and calibrated can provide an unprecedented description of the STMW involving processes since its formation at the surface until the final stage of its residence in the interior of the ocean. Temperature and salinity data estimated by the PIES are based on empirical look-up tables that relate the acoustic travel time with the baroclinic structure of the ocean. This technique is known as the Gravest Empirical Mode (GEM), and here it is used to detect profiles containing homogeneous segments of temperature and salinity that characterize the mode water. The GEM method was seasonally corrected to reconstruct surface variability necessary for STMW formation. The interannual covariance between STMW layer thickness and the Brazil Current was calculated, but no significant correlation at that time scale was observed. The mode water layer detected was about 220 m ± 55 m thick on all sites, agreeing with previous studies. / A água modal subtropical é um grande volume de água no oceano cuja característica principal é a homogeneidade nas estruturas vertical e horizontal. A água modal subtropical do sudoeste do Atlântico é formada entre os meses de julho e outubro perto da confluência Brasil-Malvinas e ao longo da recirculação da Corrente do Brasil. A região de formação se estende na ordem de 3000 km zonalmente, de 20°W a 50°W e 1000 km meridionalmente, de 30°S a 40°S, e tipicamente tem cerca de 170 m de espessura. Dados in situ de ecossondas invertidas com sensor de pressão (PIES) instaladas na porção ocidental da bacia, ao longo de 34,5°S, estão disponíveis a partir de 2009 até o presente. Estes dados após o processamento e calibração podem fornecer uma descrição sem precedentes da Água Modal Subtropical do Atlântico Sul envolvendo processos desde sua formação na superfície até o estágio final de sua permanência no interior do oceano. Os dados de temperatura e salinidade estimados pelos PIES são baseados em tabelas de referência (look-up tables) que relacionam o tempo de retorno do sinal acústico com a estrutura baroclínica do oceano. Esta técnica é conhecida como o Gravest Empirical Mode (GEM),e aqui é usado para detectar perfis contendo segmentos homogêneos de temperatura e salinidade que caracterizam a água modal. Foi aplicada uma correção sazonal ao método GEM para reconstruir a variabilidade da superfície necessária para a formação STMW. A covariância interanual entre a espessura da camada STMW e a corrente do Brasil foi calculada, mas não foi observada correlação significativa naquela escala de tempo. A camada de água em modo detectada foi de cerca de 220 m ± 55 m de espessura em todos os sites, concordando com estudos prévios.

Résumé : L’imagerie testiculaire développée dans notre unité a deux thématiques principales : l’infertilité et la caractérisation tumorale. Cette imagerie est basée sur l’échographie et l’IRM multiparamétriques. Nous avons défini des critères diagnostiques pour différentes pathologies, ayant un impact sur la prise en charge des patients, et évalué des modalités innovantes.Nous avons caractérisé l’aspect des testicules de patients infertiles porteurs d’un syndrome de Klinefelter. Nous avons déterminé l’aspect en Mode B et en Doppler couleur des tumeurs à cellules de Leydig dont la plupart sont actuellement découvertes de façon fortuite et peuvent bénéficier d’une surveillance ou d’une tumorectomie. Nous avons défini les critères diagnostiques des tumeurs éteintes ou «burned out tumors» découvertes en écho-Doppler chez des patients adressés pour bilan d’infertilité.Nous avons montré la capacité de l’IRM multiparamétrique à améliorer la caractérisation tumorale, par l’analyse qualitative et quantitative du rehaussement et par la valeur du coefficient de diffusion (ADC).L’échographie de contraste a montré des différences significatives entre les tumeurs éteintes et les autres lésions.L’élastographie par onde de cisaillement a montré des différences de dureté entre les testicules des patients infertiles par mécanisme obstructif et non obstructif mais le chevauchement des valeurs minimise l’impact clinique potentiel. Les tumeurs bénignes à cellules de Leydig étaient plus molles que les tumeurs malignes et les tumeurs éteintes. Le couplage des informations données par le mode B, le Doppler couleur, et l’élastographie ont permis une caractérisation optimale.Le Doppler ultrasensible a permis une analyse qualitative de l’architecture vasculaire des tumeurs, de la vascularisation testiculaire dans les urgences scrotales et une quantification de la vascularisation testiculaire. Nous avons objectivé une diminution de la vascularisation testiculaire pendant la manœuvre de Valsalva chez les patients avec varicocèle, ce qui représente une explication physiopathologique à l’infertilité par mécanisme hypoxique. / The testicular imaging we developped in our department focused on two main subjects: infertility and tumoral characterization. It is based on multiparametric ultrasound and MRI. We defined diagnostic criteria of several pathologies, which may change the patient’s management, and we evaluated new modalities.We characterized Klinefelter patient’s testis.We determined the Color-Doppler features of Leydig cell tumors which are currently incidentally discovered and can benefit from monitoring or tumorectomy.We defined multiparametric US and MRI diagnostic’s criteria of burned out tumors in patients referred for US infertility screening.We demonstrated the ability of multiparametric MRI to improve the tumoral characterization using qualitative and quantitative enhancement parameters and apparent diffusion coefficient values.CEUS showed significant differences between the burned out tumors and other lesions.. Shear Wave Elastography (SWE) showed significant differences in testicular stiffness between normal, obstructive azoospermia on one side and non-obstructive azoospermic patients, but overlapped values seemed to minimize the potential clinical impact. Benign Leydig cell were softer compared to malignant tumors and burned out tumors. Association of B mode, color Doppler, and elastography allowed an optimal characterization.Ultrasensitive Doppler allowed a qualitative evaluation of the tumoral vascular architecture, a testicular vascularization assessment in case of acute scrotum, and a testicular perfusion quantification. We demonstrated a decreased testicular vascularization during the Valsalva maneuver confirming the hypoxic physiopathological explanation of the infertility process.

This thesis deals with an echo state network and with acceleration of its learning by implementing the echo state network on a graphics processor. The theoretical part consists of the description of neural networks and some selected types of neural networks, on which is based the echo state network. After that, there are some other algorithms described used for time series analysis and last but not least, the tools that were used in the practical part of the thesis were briefly described. The practical part describes the creation of the accelerated version of the echo state network. After that, there is described the creation of input data sets of real financial indexes, on which the echo state network and the other algorithmns were then tested. By analyzing this accelerated version it was found that its learning speed did not reach the theoretical expectations. The accelerated version works slower, but with greater precision. By analyzing the results of the measurement of the other algorithmns it was found that the highest precision is achieved by solutions based on the neural network principle.