The purpose of this study was to investigate the nation branding process deployed by a host country organizing committee. Three research questions helped guide this study: (1) How does the organizing committee see the opportunity of hosting a sport-mega event (SME) as a nation branding tool? (2) What aspects of the FIFA World Cup (FWC) do people working with the organizing committee believe, create such nation branding opportunities? (3) How do event organizers leverage a nation branding legacy from the FWC? A single case study was built using 1,669 document pages, and nine semi-structured interviews and data were thematically analyzed. The study investigated relevant organizational documents and the event organizers’ perspectives to determine the nation branding processes. Results revealed the organization's approach to nation branding involved assessing their external image, creating a country narrative based on the population's characteristics and values, and depicting a unique identity by showcasing their cultural heritage to increase the attraction of the nation brand. Findings highlight that nation branding through the FWC requires the LOC’s strategic coordination through nation brand stakeholders, nation brand ambassadors, important organizations as well as the leadership of the nation in order to build brand equity.

A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Arts in fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts in the Department of History, Faculty of Arts at the University of Zululand, 2018. / The aim of the study is to address the inappropriate application of European concepts onto distinctly African societies. The purpose of this dissertation is twofold. Firstly, to clearly establish that the concepts of Zulu tribe and Zulu nation are not only different but also represent different epochs in the history of the Zulu people. The notions Zulu tribe and Zulu nation have interchangeably been used to refer to the same group of people. Secondly, to discuss how the concepts were used to manipulate the populace of Zulu extraction to gain advantage in the national politics of South Africa. As Europeans expanded their trade, settlement and military domination around the world. They began trying to figure out the different forms of society and culture they encountered, including writing their history. For many people in Western countries, the subject of Africa immediately called up the word ‘tribe’. The Zulu in Southeast Africa did not escape the calling. The notions Zulu tribe and Zulu nations have interchangeably been used to refer to the same group of people - the ‘Zulu’. This study delves deep into the notions and analyse how they have been used differently. The study clearly establishes that the notions Zulu tribe and Zulu nation are not only different but also represent different epochs in the history of the Zulu people. It argues that King Shaka kaSenzangakhona used his spear to embroider together a diverse collection of tribes and clans into one might cultural quilt. The study discloses that beside its colonial imposition, the term tribe does not describe the Zulu people. The term Zulu nation appropriately describes the existing Zulu nation. It argues that when Shaka united his energy in 1816 to 1828, the resultant amalgamation of the few tribes constituted the current Zulu nation. Relying on a qualitative methodology, the study uses the principle of saturation to interview participants; it also relies on archival records in addition to current literature on the phenomenon. The study argues that the notions Zulu tribe and Zulu nation were used by different people for different purposes and effects. Findings have shown that the Zulu history was also used by colonists, missionaries, the leaders of the African petty bourgeoisie, the Zulu royal family and individual novelists to serve their own ends. Such people have had their own reasons to manipulate the concepts for their advantage. The study discusses that King Shaka became a potent symbol around which potential Zulu ethnic support was mobilized. After him many colonists, missionaries, leaders of the African petty bourgeoisie, the Zulu royal family members and individual novelists have manipulated the Zulu nation to serve their personal ends. South Africa turned to be a country in which the manipulation of ethnicity was at the heart of the government’s attempts to set up control over the majority of the African population. The study concludes with a clarion call that people should stop using ethnic support for their political aggrandizement. The politicization of ethnic differences can have deep effects on whether members of different groups perceive each other as friends or foes. This does not bring about unity, but it in all cases causes division within people. This has resultant violence in KwaZulu-Natal today. / National Research Foundation

Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences School of Journalism and Media Studies A816954 muriungianne@yahoo.com / Everywhere in countries around the world, there is an urgent call for governments in Nations to enforcement democracy for its citizens. One of the measures of democracy is in an election where citizens are able to freely elect the leaders who govern them. In such times, the media in general play a vital role in among other things, informing the voters, providing a forum for debate and acting as a watchdog to ensure that election malpractices are not carried out. Further, as purveyors of truth, the media is expected to give balanced accounts of the political parties contending as well as debate the promises of the candidates and parties in question. In Kenya’s 2002 elections, the voters depended on the media to effectively play out its role as a purveyor of information, and also set the agenda for what was deemed important. This research report is an examination, an analysis, which looks into what Kenya’s leading newspapers reported about the elections in 2002. In this report, I will not only be looking at the overall picture the newspapers painted but further, I will examine the themes that played themselves out in the newspapers over the election period. The theories of news production as well as the role of media in democracy and subsequently in election coverage will aid the arguments in this paper. Further, I will also debate the notion of objectivity in media coverage in order to ascertain whether private media can be the standards set for the industry. In doing this, the research will be examining the role of media in democracy and subsequently in an election coverage.

Last page is titled: Appendix 1: DVD of Model Simulations (See DVD in Back Envelope). There was no DVD present for upload. / <p>Point Pelee National Park (PPNP), located in Leamington, Ontario, Canada experienced widespread application of DDT from 1950 until DDT was banned in Canada in 1970. vVbile DDT has not been applied at PPNP for over 30 years recent studies have shown that the compounds DDT, ODE and DDD are highly persistent in shallow soils at PPNP and often exceed regulatory guidelines set forth by the Ontario Ministry of the Environment and Environment Canada. Field study combined with numerical modelling was undertaken to assess the concentrations of DDT, DDE and DDD in groundwater and provide insight into the fundamental processes controlling the persistence and migration of DDT within former agricultural areas of PPNP. Results of one-dimensional pesticide fate and transport modelling from 1950 to 2003 using LEACHMP show that within former agricultural areas of PPNP, DDT is transformed primarily not DOE under aerobic conditions. Within the Camp Henry Orchard (CHO), half lives for the production of DDE are 30 years. LEACHMP modelling showed that adsoption was the most important process limiting DDT leaching to groundwater. The depth to the water table was found to influence DDT concentrations seen at the water table throughout former agricultural areas of PPNP, and DDT is most likely leaching to the water table slowly over time. Two dimensional saturated zone modelling using OW-WETLAND was used to test various loading scenarios based on LEACHMP simulated fluxes across the water table. Model outputs illustrated the bidirectional movement of contaminants toward both the marsh and Lake Erie, depending on the source location relative to the groundwater flow divide. Simulations showed only groundwater from deep within the aquifer would have elevated DDT concentrations in 2003 if DDT leached to groundwater between 1950 and 1970. Conversely, if DDT began to leach to groundwater in the 1990's, the model predicted that DDT was not present in deep groundwater in 2003. With continued loading, concentrations throughout the aquifer will continue to rise into the future and discharge of DDT to the marsh and Lake Erie will occur.</p> / Thesis / Master of Science (MSc)

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No description available.

The earth's ionosphere-thermosphere region is a coupled environment which is governed by interactions between the overlapping neutral constituents and ionospheric plasma. The mid-latitude thermosphere-ionosphere system is very complex owing to its sensitivity to both the polar and equatorial processes. The mid-latitudes is also a relatively unexplored and less understood region primarily due to the paucity of observing instruments that have traditionally been available. However, the past 9 years of mid-latitude expansion of the Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN) has provided new access to continuous large-scale observations of the sub-auroral ionosphere. On the other hand, the past 3 years of mid-latitude expansion of the North American Thermosphere Ionosphere Observation Network (NATION) Fabry-Perot interferometer array, has created a critical resource for measuring the thermospheric neutral winds. The overlap of these two observing networks in the mid-east North American sector has resulted in a strong ground-based large-scale platform for co-located study of mid-latitude thermosphere-ionosphere dynamics for the first time. The coupling between ions and neutrals is a very important process for controlling the thermospheric dynamics. Ion-neutral coupling at high latitudes has been studied in many previous papers, but there have been very few studies focused on the mid-latitude region. Hence, in this work we have studied the ion-neutral coupling mechanisms and timescales at mid-latitudes during disturbed geomagnetic conditions by using the co-located observations from the SuperDARN-NATION array. The study has focused on the main phase as well as the late recovery phase of a geomagnetic storm which occurred on October 2-3, 2013. Ion drag is known to drive the neutral circulation during the main phase of storm at auroral latitudes, while the neutral wind disturbance dynamo mechanism is known to generate ionospheric electric fields and currents during the recovery phase. By using the methods of ion-neutral momentum exchange theory and time lagged correlation analysis, we analyzed the timescales at which the ion-neutral coupling operates. The ions are observed to drive the neutral winds on a timescale of ~ 84 minutes in the storm main phase which is significantly faster than expected from the driving due to local ion-drag alone (~ 124 minutes). This suggests that along with ion-drag, other local and non-local storm-time influences like Joule heating are also playing an important part in driving the neutral winds. On the other hand, in the late recovery phase, the neutral winds are found to be strongly coupled with the ions and maintain the ion convection without any significant time delay which is consistent with effect of the 'disturbance dynamo' or 'neutral-flywheel' persisting well into the late recovery phase. The timescales and underlying physics understood through this work serve as an important contribution to our knowledge of ion-neutral coupling processes at the middle latitudes. Looking forward, the expansion of co-located SuperDARN-NATION coverage at mid-latitudes, and developments in the tools of large-scale visualization through FPI wind field mapping and SuperDARN convection maps, has created a very strong basis for using the results and analysis tools developed in this work for large-scale ion-neutral coupling characterization in future. / Master of Science

Thesis advisor: Alan Richardson / The Romantic period encompasses a pivotal set of decades for the development of British citizenship, a fact that has been underemphasized due to narrow definitions of what citizenship entails. Within the wide discursive arena of national identity in Romantic fiction, however, specific literary tropes and figures emerge that consolidate and challenge the nascent and evolving concept of the British citizen. The figure of the wanderer or stateless being explores a mode of national belonging that is increasingly untethered to land and nativity; tropes of the virtual and disembodiment become central to articulations of political and bureaucratic citizenship in the American revolutionary context; struggles between dependence and independence in sentimental plots of courtship and marriage narrate the citizenly potential of women in the context of couverture; and portrayals of repatriation and exile illuminate how Britain was coming to terms with its population of color in the early post-abolition era. Taken together, the literary texts under discussion here intervene in the emergence of a ‘Romantic’ citizenship discourse in the English-speaking North Atlantic World. / Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2021. / Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: English.

Comme de nombreuses Premières Nations au Canada, la Nation micmac de Gespeg, une communauté autochtone sans territoire attribué, manifeste une volonté de réappropriation territoriale depuis plus de deux décennies. Localisée dans la région de Gaspé au Québec, elle s’implique activement dans le domaine forestier depuis un peu plus de 15 ans, plus particulièrement par l’entremise d’ententes de cogestion forestière en terre publique avec le gouvernement du Québec. Suivant une démarche partenariale et collaborative avec la Nation micmac de Gespeg, nous avons étudié, dans un premier temps, ses perceptions, ses besoins et ses attentes concernant son territoire forestier, ainsi qu’analysé son implication actuelle en foresterie. Puis, nous avons réalisé une démarche afin de réviser sa vision et ses objectifs concernant son projet forestier. Nous avons constaté la spécificité de ses attentes, plutôt culturelles et identitaires qu’économiques, et de ses objectifs fondés sur un projet territorial aux dimensions multiples. Ce constat a confirmé la pertinence d’explorer une gouvernance territoriale et forestière innovante et adaptée au contexte autochtone, soit le concept de forêt communautaire. Deuxièmement, pour comprendre le processus transformatif permettant d’atteindre les objectifs et de réaliser la vision de la Nation micmac de Gespeg, nous avons brossé un portrait de leur contexte socio-historique forestier, puis analysé leur cheminement en foresterie, plus particulièrement leur engagement dans laco gestion. Nous avons ensuite développé un cadre d’analyse de la gouvernance forestière, en identifiant plus particulièrement les conditions sur lesquelles la communauté peut agir pour concrétiser sa vision. Nous avons constaté que les engagements actuels et passés de la communauté en foresterie correspondent à des étapes préparant la transformation de la gouvernance de son territoire forestier ancestral. Ce cheminement stratégique circonscrit par le cadre gouvernemental en vigueur constitue un passage vers une gouvernance territoriale autochtone souhaitée par la Nation micmac de Gespeg. En cogestion avec des partenaires locaux, la communauté mig’maq y assume alors un rôle d’entrepreneur institutionnel. De ce fait, les Mi’gmaq de Gespeg exercent une fonction d’agent transformatif en agissant sur les conditions actionnables de la gouvernance des terres publiques vers l’atteinte de leur vision de gouvernance du territoire ancestral, soit la création d’une forêt communautaire. Toutefois, les constats de leurs engagements en foresterie, ainsi que les difficultés rencontrées pour mettre en œuvre leur forêt communautaire mettent en lumière la rationalité de la gouvernance du territoire public québécois. Cette rationalité gouvernementale s’exerçant sur les forêts publiques limite grandement les considérations pouvant être apportées à la satisfaction des besoins et des aspirations de groupes spécifiques. Ainsi, le régime de « gouvernementalité », suivant le terme de Michel Foucault, des terres publiques québécoises se fonde sur une conception unidimensionnelle de la population québécoise et une vision homogène du territoire et de l’économie. Cette perspective oriente les actions de gouvernement vers l’exploitation des ressources et du territoire en fonction du bien-être de la population québécoise en général. Les Autochtones se situent alors à la marge de l’exercice du pouvoir de l’État sur son territoire. Une foresterie autochtone menée à l’échelle locale confronte donc la mission des ministères responsables. De plus, la volonté autochtone d’adapter à sa vision le cadre de gestion de la forêt publique constitue un défi pour la foresterie scientifique, socle de l’aménagement forestier étatique. En somme, les revendications autochtones, comme le projet de forêt communautaire de Gespeg, appellent à la redéfinition du régime de gouvernementalité des terres publiques, tant dans sa conception de la population québécoise, sa vision du rôle des terres publiques que dans son système de connaissances. / Like many First Nations in Canada, the Micmac Nation of Gespeg, an Aboriginal community with no assigned territory, has been demonstrating a willingness to reappropriate its territory for more than two decades. Located in the Gaspé region of Quebec, the Micmac Nation of Gespeg has been actively involved in the forestry sector for a little more than 15 years, particularly through forest co-management agreements on publicl and with the Quebec government. Following a partnership and collaborative approach with the Micmac Nation of Gespeg, we first studied its perceptions, needs and expectations regarding its forest territory, as well as analyzed its current involvement in forestry. Then, we carried out an approach in order to revise its vision and its objectives concerning its forestry project. We noted the specificity of its expectations, more cultural and identity-based than economic,and of its objectives based on a territorial project with multiple dimensions. This observation confirmed the relevance of exploring an innovative territorial and forest governance adapted to the aboriginal context, i.e. the concept of community forest. Secondly, in order to understand the transformative process allowing the objectives and vision of the Micmac Nation of Gespeg to be achieved, we drew a portrait of their socio-historical forestry context and then analyzed their path in forestry, more particularly their involvement in co-management. We then developed a framework for analyzing forest governance, identifying more specifically the conditions under which the community canact to achieve its vision. We found that the community's current and past commitments in forestry correspondto steps that prepare for the transformation of the governance of its ancestral forest territory. This strategicpath circumscribed by the governmental framework in force constitutes a passage towards the Aboriginal territorial governance desired by the Micmac Nation of Gespeg. In co-management with local partners, the Mig'maq community assumes an institutional entrepreneurial role. As a result, the Mi'gmaq of Gespeg exercisea transformative agent function by acting on the actionable conditions of the governance of public lands towards the achievement of their vision of governance of ancestral territory, i.e. the creation of a community forest. However, the observations of their forestry commitments, as well as the difficulties encountered in implementing their community forest, highlight the rationality of the governance of Quebec's public land. This governmental rationality exerted on public forests greatly limits the considerations that can be brought to the satisfaction of the needs and aspirations of specific groups. Thus, the system of "governmentality", to use according to Michel Foucault's term, of Québec's public lands is based on a one-dimensional conception of the Québec population and a homogeneous vision of the territory and the economy. This perspective directs government actions towards the exploitation of resources and territory based on the well-being of the Quebec population in general. Aboriginal people are then at the margin of the exercise of the State's power on its territory. An Aboriginal forestry conducted at the local level thus confronts the mission of the responsible ministries. Moreover, the Aboriginal will to adapt to its vision the management framework of the public forest constitutes a challenge for scientific forestry, the foundation of state forest management. In short, aboriginal claims, such as the Gespeg community forest project, call for the redefinition of the system of governmentality of public lands, as much in its conception of the Quebec population, its vision of the role of public lands as inits knowledge system.

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.