This study emerged from the author's work in a food commons in industrial East Vancouver. It began from a curiosity about how place impacts who we are. By employing a process oriented research design the study evolved to ask: How may participation in the Purple Thistle's food commons influence people's engagement in the urban landscape? The findings challenge modern notions of property and urban design, and highlight a vision of the urban impossible (Chatterton, 2009) that could catalyze communities to uphold their democratic right to the city. Entering through an open, process oriented, and trust centered organizational structure, participants' experiences in the Purple Thistle garden led them to new ways of experiencing (in)dependence and trust. This had implications for the way they saw the world around them, and the way they engaged in the built environment.

As the demand for center city living in the US has grown, housing has been used to revitalize neighborhoods and contribute to the tax base of the city. I investigate the ways that change, fostered and shaped in part by federal and local housing and planning policies, affects low income neighborhoods undergoing redevelopment at the level of “community.” To study these issues I study the Washington, DC neighborhoods of Columbia Heights: In less than ten years, this neighborhood was transformed by planning and housing policies from a primarily low-income, isolated neighborhood to a truly mixed income neighborhood housing residents of varied ethnicities and income levels. Using an ethnographic approach, I interviewed residents, policy makers, agency staff, advocates, and housing developers; conducted archival research on planning documents, newspapers, blogs, neighborhood list-servs, and public hearing proceedings; and observed - both directly and as a participant – in public parks, commercial establishments, public hearings, community, tenant and organizational meetings, and at rallies and town halls. My findings suggest that the District of Columbia, neighborhood groups, housing advocates, and developers instituted some of the best practices in urban planning and housing policy, which led to a mixed income neighborhood with a focus on dense, mixed-use and multi-modal transit oriented development. However, in spite of – or perhaps because of – dramatic changes in the concentration of poverty, through the combination of the preservation of existing affordable housing and the addition of higher income new residents, low income residents’ sense of community, political power and access to amenities changed significantly. Moreover, the focus on place and physical amenities that has been a hallmark of large scale redevelopment has implicitly devalued less tangible elements of neighborhood life related to use-value, community cohesion, and culture. Further, the implied benefits of mixed income communities for low income households, combined with the narrative of urban decline and rebirth that echoes across American cities have combined to justify the social, political and physical displacement of existing residents. / text

As food insecurity increases among socio-economically marginalized populations, community based efforts to address these issues have received particular attention for their potential to promote justice in food systems. This thesis presents a case-study analysis of right to food (RTF) activism in Vancouver’s Downtown Eastside (DTES), a community where decades of failed government policies and economic disinvestment have produced high levels of poverty as well as organized resistance and activism. I explored this localized movement through key stakeholder interviews (n=17) and 10 months of participation at a community-based organization. My findings suggest that local efforts to organize around RTF may have had some success in challenging the dominant discourse and practices associated with the entrenched charitable food model. However, these efforts are limited in their ability to ‘scale up’ this work to transform the systems that produce uneven urban food environments. I argue that the barriers to food access in the DTES are inextricably tied to broader historical contestations over urban space produced by processes of capitalist urbanization. Drawing on Lefebvre’s ‘right to the city,' I suggest how RTF activism in the DTES could benefit from linking more explicitly to the collective struggles facing wider efforts to reclaim the city.

Henri Lefebvre’s radical call for “the right to the city” as a step in his wider utopian project of societal transformation has attracted much academic interest in the 21st century. A central problematic for advancing this idea, however, is how to take the leap from experimental heterotopies to a new form of urban commons that could provide the foundation for this new society. This thesis draws from Lefebvre’s extensive writings as well as from five weeks of ethnographic fieldwork, including a focus group and five semi-structured interviews conducted at Suderbyn ecovillage to deliver a comparative discussion on the process of establishing a common social relation to place (and ultimately space) and how it relates to scale. The main conclusion is that the dominance of use-values in combination with a synthesis of the connection of elements such as work, leisure and learning plays a central role in the process of establishing a common social relation to place in Suderbyn and that this in turn is a crucial aspect of consideration for tackling the scalar problematic.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T14:16:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Priscila Beralda Moreira de Oliveira.pdf: 1745772 bytes, checksum: 15b3a684eeb34bb92bdef94fc23295aa (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-06-13 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The present dissertation had as study object the intersect lines of the social politics in the urbanization of slum as full potential element of the right to the city. The inquiry centered in the existing limits for a articulated performance of the social politics in the urbanization of the Slum Shot to the Pigeon with focus in the Plan of the Social Work, having as central idea to analyze if the social politics of urbanization of slums, together with excessively social politics presents in the territory face the socio-territorial inequalities and materialize the right to the city, being this one of the objectives of the Habitation Politics.The methodology enclosed bibliographical research, documentary research, field research by means of interviews with coordinator of the urbanization project, social technical team and resident of the area. For understanding of our object of study, we work, with a conceptual referential that it enclosed, beyond the concept intersect lines, the concepts of territory and right to the city. The research evidenced that the intersect lines management is not a reality in the urbanization project, does not exist actions articulated with excessively the social politics, keeping the fragmented and focused performance. For the citizens of the research, actions articulated between the different social politics would become the attendance the families most effective, however, to become a reality, it needs to be a line of direction for the work, becoming the urbanization of determined area responsibility of all the politics, what it would provide a full potential to the intervention and the possibilities, so that the right to the city would be accomplished. To think intersect line still is a great challenge, is a process that demands learning mainly and good will politic from de governments and publics managers. The management of intersect line needs to be considered as presupposes for the urbanization of slums, being basic to face the poverty situations, making possible that segregated areas pass to integrate to the totality of the city / A presente dissertação teve como objeto de estudo a intersetorialidade das políticas sociais na urbanização de favelas como elemento potencializador do direito à cidade. A investigação centrou-se nos limites existentes para uma atuação articulada das políticas sociais na urbanização da Favela Tiro ao Pombo com foco no Plano do Trabalho Social, tendo como idéia central refletir se a política social de urbanização de favelas, juntamente com as demais políticas sociais presentes no território, enfrentam as desigualdades socioterritorias e concretizam o direito à cidade, sendo esse um dos objetivos da Política Habitacional. A metodologia abrangeu pesquisa bibliográfica, pesquisa documental, pesquisa de campo por meio de uma entrevistas com coordenadora do projeto de urbanização, técnicas sociais e moradores da área. Para compreensão do nosso objeto de estudo, trabalhamos, com um referencial conceitual que abrangeu, além do conceito intersetorialidade, os conceitos de território e de direito à cidade. A pesquisa evidenciou que a gestão intersetorial não é uma realidade no projeto de urbanização, não existe ações articuladas com as demais políticas sociais, mantendo a atuação fragmentada e focalizada. Para os sujeitos da pesquisa, ações articuladas entre as diferentes políticas sociais tornaria o atendimento as famílias mais efetivo, porém, para se tornar uma realidade, precisa ser uma diretriz para o trabalho, tornando a urbanização de determinada área responsabilidade de todas as políticas, o que potencializaria a intervenção e as possibilidades para que o direito à cidade se efetivasse. Pensar intersetorialidade ainda é um grande desafio, é um processo que exige aprendizagem e principalmente vontade política dos governantes e gestores públicos. A gestão intersetorial precisa ser pressuposto para a urbanização de favelas, sendo fundamental no enfrentamento das situações de pobreza , possibilitando que áreas segregadas passem a se integrar à totalidade da cidade

Em uma sociedade onde o acesso aos recursos necessários para a manutenção da vida, como o acesso à terra, se dá de forma desigual, os conflitos aparecem como manifestações que demarcam desigualdades, apresentando potencial para promover transformações. Por outro lado, situações limites de disputa por terra podem levar a despejos, uma grave violação aos direitos humanos. O conflito é apenas uma das possíveis interações entre grupos, indivíduos, organizações e coletividade, e a cooperação é outra possibilidade, em posição diretamente oposta. Essa possibilidade, no entanto, se coloca como uma das perspectivas pelas quais as entidades e indivíduos podem se conectar em torno de um objetivo comum. Assim, esta pesquisa tem como objeto de estudo as estratégias de resistência adotadas pelos movimentos sociais para defender um território, em um contexto de conflito pela posse da terra. A pesquisa utiliza o caso do Movimento em Defesa do Morro Santa Teresa (MDMST) para identificar, a partir da caracterização do conflito, do território em disputa e do movimento social, as estratégias utilizadas para defender o território da Fundação de Atendimento Socioeducativo do Rio Grande do Sul (FASE-RS) no Morro Santa Teresa na cidade de Porto Alegre e verificar, nas estratégias adotadas pelo MDMST, o diálogo com as políticas públicas e com o planejamento urbano e os desdobramentos dessas estratégias na resolução do conflito. / In a society where the acess to the necessary resources to the maintenance of life, like the acess to the land, is given in an uneven way, conflicts appear as manifestations that delimit inequalities, presenting potential to promote transformations. On the other hand, limit situations of dispute for land can lead to evictions, a serious violations of human rights. Conflict is just one of the possible interactions between groups, individuals, organizations and colectivity, and cooperation is the other possibility, in a directly opposed position. This possibility, however, is put as one of the perspectives by which such entities and groups can conect each other around a common goal. Thereby, this research has as objective the study of strategies of resistances adopted by social movements to defend a territory, in a context of dispute for the land. The research uses the case of the Movement in Defense of the Hill Santa Teresa - MDMST to identify, from the caracterization of the conflict, of the territory in dispute and of the social movement, the strategies used to defend the territory of the Social and Educational care Foundation of Rio Grande do Sul - FASE / RS in the Morro Santa Teresa district in the city of Porto Alegre, and verify, in the strategies adopted by the MDMST, the dialogue with the public policies and with the urban planning and the deployment of these strategies on the resolution of the conflict.

Submitted by Cássia Santos (cassia.bcufg@gmail.com) on 2017-01-17T11:55:40Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Michaela Andrea Bette Camara - 2013.pdf: 7337497 bytes, checksum: c0dc6c48a0314c5b47bd98107f78646c (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2017-01-17T12:07:01Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Michaela Andrea Bette Camara - 2013.pdf: 7337497 bytes, checksum: c0dc6c48a0314c5b47bd98107f78646c (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-17T12:07:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Michaela Andrea Bette Camara - 2013.pdf: 7337497 bytes, checksum: c0dc6c48a0314c5b47bd98107f78646c (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-10-11 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Goiás - FAPEG / The right to the city is a guarantee of the community, through which it seeks to create systems that provide citizens to live in dignity, with the fulcrum in the recognition of the collective will, in the coexistence of the different and especially in facing struggles and conflicts that result in solidarity and urbanity. However, in order to have the effective exercise of this right it is necessary that public policies on urban planning contemplate two aspects that, in recent years, have gained notoriety in discussions about space, citizenship, right in the city: urban mobility and accessibility. Furthermore, the concept of space is designed as a major instrument of study of geography as a science. Is in this space, we also exercise the right to come and go - done in different ways - which leads us to assume that the space is built and reproduces unequally and contradictory, favoring some over others. And it is precisely in this contradiction - that the city is for everyone, but not everyone has a right to it - that we justify the interest in researching the issue of urban mobility and accessibility in Jataí, State of Goiás, investigating whether there is the effective exercise of the right the city, and otherwise, what prevents the fulfillment of the legal and constitutional requirements and the reasons for the Government not to enforce what are presented in Brazilian law, especially when it says that everyone is equal before law. This research aims to understand how is the process of urban mobility and accessibility on Goiás Avenue, located in Jataí, State of Goiás, in order to check whether or not there is the effective exercise of the right to the city. Specifically, it aims to investigate the Urban Master Plan of Jataí, establishing a parallel with the current Brazilian legislation on urban mobility and accessibility; investigate the public policy of urban planning regulations, particularly if they deal with questions of inclusion, citizenship, mobility and accessibility; check whether the right of the city is effective or if it is only on paper. This is a survey of quantitative and qualitative nature, in which data were collected through documents (doctrines, laws, urban policies), correlated to the theoretical studies of the area, interviews with the responsible for the Division of Urban Planning of the Jataí and its inhabitants, and analysis of Goiás Avenue, which is the spatial area analyzed. In this context, the hypothesis is that the right to the city is not effectively practiced in Jataí, due the fa / O direito à cidade é uma garantia da coletividade, através do qual se busca criar sistemas que proporcionem aos cidadãos viverem dignamente, com fulcro no reconhecimento da vontade coletiva, na convivência entre os diferentes e, sobretudo, no enfrentamento de lutas e conflitos que resultam em solidariedade e urbanidade. Entretanto, para que se tenha o efetivo exercício desse direito, é preciso que as políticas públicas de planejamento urbano contemplem dois aspectos que, nos últimos anos, têm ganhado notoriedade nas discussões sobre espaço, cidadania, direito da cidade, quais sejam: mobilidade urbana e acessibilidade. Além disso, o conceito de espaço é concebido como um dos principais instrumentos de estudo da Geografia enquanto ciência. É nesse espaço, também, que se exercita o direito de ir e vir – feito de maneiras diversas – o que nos leva a pressupor que o espaço se constrói e se reproduz de forma desigual e contraditória, privilegiando alguns em detrimento de outros. E é justamente essa contradição – de que a cidade é para todos, mas nem todos têm direito a ela – que justifica o interesse em pesquisar a questão da mobilidade urbana e acessibilidade em Jataí, Estado de Goiás, investigando se há o efetivo exercício do direito à cidade e, em caso contrário, o que impede o cumprimento de preceitos legais e constitucionais e quais as razões de o Poder Público não fazer cumprir aquilo que está preceituado na legislação brasileira, sobretudo quando ela diz que todos são iguais perante a lei. A presente pesquisa tem por objetivo compreender como se dá o processo de mobilidade urbana e acessibilidade na Avenida Goiás, localizada na cidade de Jataí, Estado de Goiás, a fim de se verificar se há ou não o efetivo exercício do direito à cidade. Especificamente, objetiva investigar o Plano Diretor Urbano de Jataí, fazendo-se um paralelo com a legislação brasileira vigente sobre mobilidade urbana e acessibilidade; averiguar as políticas públicas de planejamento urbano vigentes, sobretudo se contemplam as questões de inclusão, cidadania, mobilidade e acessibilidade; verificar se é efetivo o direito à cidade ou se este se condiciona apenas à teoria. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de cunho quanti-qualitativo, em que foram coletados dados através de documentos (doutrinas, legislação, políticas urbanas), correlacionados aos estudos teóricos da área, entrevistas com responsável pela Divisão de Planejamento Urbano do Município de Jataí e com citadinos, além de análise da Av. Goiás, que é o recorte espacial. Neste contexto, a hipótese levantada é de que o direito à cidade não é efetivamente praticado no município de Jataí, uma vez que o planejamento urbano parece não contemplar as políticas de mobilidade urbana e acessibilidade.

abstract: Urban planning in the neoliberal era is marred by a lack of public engagement with urban inhabitants. Henri Lefebvre’s ‘right to the city’ theory is often treated as a way to empower disenfranchised urban inhabitants who are lacking control over the urban spaces they occupy. Though the right to the city has seen a resurgence in recent literature, we still lack a deep understanding of how right to the city movements work in practice, and what the process looks like through the lens of the everyday urban inhabitant. This dissertation seeks to fill these gaps by examining: 1) how a minority-led grassroots movement activates their right to the city in the face of an incoming light rail extension project in South Phoenix, Arizona, USA, and 2) how their right to the city movement demonstrates the possibility of urban society beyond the current control of neoliberalism. Through the use of participant observation, interviews, and media analysis, this case reveals the methods and tactics used by the group to activate their right to the city, the intra-and inter-group dynamics in the case, and the challenges that ultimately lead to the group’s demise.Tactics used by the group included protesting, organizing against city council, and creating a ballot initiative. Intra-group dynamics were often marred by conflicts over leadership and the acceptance of outside help, while inter-group conflicts erupted between the group, politicians, and pro-light rail supporters. The primary challenge to the group’s right to the city movement included neoliberal appropriation by local politicians and outside political group. By possessing limited experience, knowledge, and resources in conducting a right to the city movement, the grassroots group in this case was left asking for help from neoliberal supporters who used their funding as a way to appropriate the urban inhabitant’s movement. Findings indicate positive possibilities of a future urban society outside of neoliberalism through autogestion, and provide areas where urban planners can improve upon the right to the city. If urban planners seek out and nurture instances of the right to the city, urban inhabitants will have greater control over planning projects that effect their neighborhoods. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Urban Planning 2019

O que na cidade é direito do cidadão? Quais os marcos que determinam o espaço urbano democrático? Em outras palavras: o que faz de uma cidade um lugar habitável? Como se tecem as relações entre a cidade e seu habitante? Esta indagação é tão mais importante quanto se compreende que a Cidade é resultado concreto e simbólico de uma miríade de decisões anônimas, pelas quais os citadinos se reapropriam de espaços e constroem neles seu habitar. Nesse contexto , que sentidos assume a paisagem? O que é esta relação entre o homem e seu espaço de vida, num ambiente tão contraditório quanto as áreas urbanas atuais? Seria importante pensar em paisagem como direito, quando tantos outros são afrontados no cotidiano da cidade segregada e fragmentada? A hipótese que se defende aqui é que sem considerar o direito à paisagem de cada habitante urbano enquanto direto à experiência estética de seu espaço de vida cotidiana, não se consolida o direito à cidade. A investigação realizada, utilizando de metodologia de pesquisa qualitativa de inspiração fenomenológica, permitiu compreender os sentidos e a importância da paisagem como experiência estética cotidiana, condição fundamental para a humanização da cidade e para a consolidação do habitar a cidade. Em outras palavras, o direito à paisagem, na acepção aqui estudada, é elemento fundamental do direto à cidade. / What is exactly the right of the citizen in a city? Which are the elements that establish a democratic urban environment? In other words: what does it take for a city become a inhabitable place? How are forged the relationships between a city and its inhabitant? This question becomes even more important as one comprehend that the City itself is the concrete and symbolic result of a plethora of anonymous decisions, by which the urban inhabitant re-appropriate its spaces and build upon then their dwell. In this context, what are the meanings that the landscape could take? What is this relationship among an individual and its living space, in such contradictory environments as urban areas today? It would make sense to think of landscape as a right, at the same time as many others are undermined at a daily basis in the shattered, segregated city? The hypothesis advocated in this work is that, without the consideration fo the right to landscape as a right to aesthetic experience of its daily living space of every urban inhabitant, the demand to the right to the city does not meet its fulfillment. The research used qualitative methods of phenomenological inspiration. Those methods allowed to perceive the meaning and importance of the landscape as everyday aesthetic experience, a fundamental condition for humanizing the urban environment, as well as for the consolidation of the city as habitable place. In other words, the right to the city, in the sense of this Thesis, is a fundamental part of the right to the city.