This thesis examines the way in which youth between the ages of sixteen and eighteen envision their future possible selves with respect to their possible careers and roles in the community. The youth were recruited from members of the Fusion Youth Activity and Technology Centre (a.k.a. Fusion) in Ingersoll, Ontario; population 12,146 (Statistics Canada, 2011). Situated in the context of small-town youth who attend afterschool activities aimed at providing skills in business, the arts, media and technology, the study asked youth to consider what their future possible selves would look like ten years from now. Using Q-methodology, the participating youth were asked to complete a 55-statement Q-sort with statements relating to careers and community roles generated by a focus group of Fusion youth and from the relevant literature. Using identical statements, the sort was conducted under two conditions of instruction; thinking of your hoped-for self in the future and; thinking of your feared self in the future. Factor analysis was conducted on both sets of Q-sorts (hoped-for and feared) and three factors were extracted for each. In keeping with Q-methodology, composite sorts were generated giving three distinct profiles of statement placement for each of the hoped-for and feared selves. Hoped-for profiles included community-minded professionals, independent creatives and no-plan dreamers. Feared self profiles included, disengaged problem citizens, trapped labourers and unhappy average citizens. These six different viewpoints of their possible futures indicate that youth see their futures (both good and bad) very differently and that their career foci and community involvement hopes and fears are far from homogeneous. This opens an opportunity for youth programs like Fusion to develop programming specific to these groups that may help to make hoped-for selves the more probable outcome.

Cette thèse questionneles recompositions spatiales, sociales et politiques en cours dans une petite ville sacrée, patrimoniale et touristique. Lalibela est une petite ville que ses églises, inscrites sur la Liste du patrimoine mondial de l’Unesco, contribuent à amarrer intensément à l’espace mondial. Cette recherche est largement fondée sur une enquête de terrain qualitative, associant travail d’observation participante et entretiens.L’espace est analysé dans le cadre particulier du resettlement, c’est-à-dire au cœur d’un temps de crise, celui de l’éviction des habitants installés autour des églises et de leur réinstallation en périphérie de la ville. L’analyse de la légitimation et de la mise en œuvre du resettlementmet en évidence le poids de la puissance publique et celui de différents acteursinternationaux dans la réorganisation de l’espace local.En insistant sur d’autres espaces et d’autres temps particuliers de célébrations religieuses, de fêtes culturelles ou de consultations publiques, il apparaît que Lalibela est une petite ville dans laquelle des acteurs internationaux, mais aussi des acteurs éthiopiens particulièrement liés à l’espace mondialisé, impulsent une ouverture au monde. L’internationalisation de Lalibela se construit aussi localement. Elle s’établit dans des paysages et de nouvelles formes spatiales élaborées avec le souci de renforcer l’attractivité touristique. Au-delà, certains citadins créent un nouveau rapport au monde et tirent profit de la possibilité d’interaction avec l’étranger qu’offre l’activité touristique. Cependant, parallèlement à la progression de l’internationalisation, l’espace politique éthiopien reste prégnant dans les dynamiques locales. Cette recherche montre qu’à Lalibela les recompositions spatiales, sociales et politiques correspondent à une relation triangulaire entre l’espace social local, le poids de l’État et de la culture politique éthiopienne, et les logiques et acteurs mondialisés. / This thesis questions the spatial, social and political reshaping going on in a small, holy, with a rich heritage touristic town. Lalibela is a small town with its churches, registered in the UNESCO World Heritage List, linking intensely the town to theworld. This research is largely based on a field survey resolutely qualitative, with participative observation work and interviews. Space is analyzed in the particular context of a resettlement, that is to say in a time of crisis with the eviction of the inhabitants who lived around the churches and their relocation in the outskirts of the city. The analysis of the legitimization and of the implementation of the resettlement highlights the weight of public power and of different international actors in the reorganization of the local space. With other spaces and other particular times such as religious celebrations, cultural festivals and public consultations, it seems that Lalibela is a small town in which international actors but also Ethiopian actors particularly linked to globalized space are boosting an opening to the world. The internationalization of Lalibela is also achieved locally. It establishes itself in landscapes and new spatial forms with the objectiveof reinforcing touristic attractiveness. In addition, some dwellers are creating a new connection to the world and are reaping advantages from the possibility of interaction with foreigners offeredby touristic activity. But as internationalization grows, Ethiopian political space still remains meaningful in local dynamics. This research shows that spatial, social and political recombination in Lalibela correspond to a three-cornered relationship between local social space, the importance of the State and of an Ethiopian political culture, and the globalized logics and actors.

Submitted by Gustavo Gomes (gustavolascasas@gmail.com) on 2013-08-27T14:21:59Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Administra????o p??blica em munic??pios de pequeno porte do sul de Minas Gerais.pdf: 1695643 bytes, checksum: 18ae39d2454c956ac8226dd18b5c9a50 (MD5) license_rdf: 22192 bytes, checksum: 16508d913bcfe515c0f9e2bdf06ca16d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Roger Guedes (roger.guedes@fjp.mg.gov.br) on 2013-08-27T16:52:44Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Administra????o p??blica em munic??pios de pequeno porte do sul de Minas Gerais.pdf: 1695643 bytes, checksum: 18ae39d2454c956ac8226dd18b5c9a50 (MD5) license_rdf: 22192 bytes, checksum: 16508d913bcfe515c0f9e2bdf06ca16d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-27T16:52:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Administra????o p??blica em munic??pios de pequeno porte do sul de Minas Gerais.pdf: 1695643 bytes, checksum: 18ae39d2454c956ac8226dd18b5c9a50 (MD5) license_rdf: 22192 bytes, checksum: 16508d913bcfe515c0f9e2bdf06ca16d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Funda????o Jo??o Pinheiro / A Constitui????o Federal de 1988 promoveu expressivas mudan??as nas formas de gest??o das organiza????es p??blicas. Aos munic??pios brasileiros concedeu a autonomia, o que lhes assegurou importante centralidade e protagonismo na vida p??blica. Assim, a participa????o dos munic??pios na provis??o de bens e servi??os p??blicos vem aumentando, ora com a devida compensa????o financeira pelos n??veis superiores de governo ou, ent??o, simplesmente, assumindo o papel que legalmente deveria ser assumido pelos governos estaduais e o federal. Diante desse quadro, os desafios enfrentados pelos munic??pios, nas ??reas social, financeira e pol??tica v??m exigindo das gest??es atua????o eficiente com a finalidade de propiciar qualidade de vida adequada aos seus cidad??os. Enfrentar estes desafios em munic??pios onde ainda predominam pr??ticas patrimonialistas e burocr??ticas, algumas vezes combinadas com uma gest??o gerencial, torna ainda maior o desafio das administra????es p??blicas, em especial no caso de munic??pios de pequeno porte. Neste contexto, buscou-se analisar, neste trabalho, a gest??o p??blica em munic??pios de pequeno porte do sul de Minas Gerais, com base no uso de instrumentos compuls??rios de gest??o e de planejamento, bem como identificar as dificuldades apontadas pelos gestores municipais em adotar o modelo gerencial. As an??lises foram realizadas a partir de um conjunto de informa????es dispon??veis na literatura, nas publica????es do IBGE e em dados do Tribunal de Contas do Estado, complementadas por pesquisa direta em 16 munic??pios de pequeno porte localizados na regi??o sul de Minas. A matriz anal??tica utilizada para identificar e analisar as diferen??as de modelos de gest??o, burocr??tica e gerencial, foi constru??da a partir das duas dimens??es de atua????o da administra????o p??blica que caracterizam o modelo gerencial: institucional-administrativa e econ??mico-financeira. Na dimens??o institucional-administrativa, a an??lise mostrou a exist??ncia de defasagem no uso dos instrumentos de gest??o urbana e o desinteresse dos agentes p??blicos, em especial os eleitos, na aplica????o dos mesmos. As ferramentas de planejamento, como o Plano Diretor e o PPA, s?? s??o elaboradas devido ??s exig??ncias legais. Na dimens??o econ??mico-financeira, cujos condicionantes tratados neste trabalho foram o cumprimento dos limites m??ximo de gastos com pessoal e m??nimo nas ??reas de sa??de e educa????o, as evid??ncias, tanto emp??ricas quanto documentais, apontam que os gastos s??o mantidos dentro dos limites estabelecidos pela LRF. As evid??ncias apontadas pelo presente estudo, considerando seus limites, sugerem que ainda sobrevivem na gest??o dos munic??pios modelos distintos de administra????o p??blica, com predomin??ncia do patrimonialismo e da burocracia. Notaram-se, tamb??m, tentativas de incorpora????o de pr??ticas do modelo gerencial, induzidas por meio de leis e normas emanadas por inst??ncias superiores de governo. Prevalece, no entanto, nos munic??pios de pequeno porte estudados, um cen??rio no qual os agentes pol??ticos implementam estrat??gias de manuten????o dos espa??os pol??ticos com objetivos puramente eleitoreiros. Por fim, conclui-se, com base nas evid??ncias observadas ao longo do estudo, que a conviv??ncia do patrimonialismo, da burocracia e das incipientes pr??ticas gerenciais t??m reflexos, de maneira clara, na baixa efici??ncia e efic??cia das administra????es p??blicas municipais brasileiras, notadamente, em sua maioria, nos munic??pios de pequeno porte, que s??o os mais carentes e dependentes. / The Constitution of 1988 provided significant changes in ways of management public organizations. Granted to municipalities autonomy, which assured them important centrality and prominence in public life. Thus, the participation of municipalities in the provision of goods and public services is increasing, sometimes with proper financial compensation for higher levels of government, or else simply assuming the role that legally should be taken by the state and federal governments. Given this situation, the challenges faced by municipalities in the social, financial and political areas have been demanding from administrations effective actions m order to provide adequate quality of life for its citizens. Facing these challenges in municipalities where patrimonial and bureaucratic practices still prevail, sometimes combined with a managerial organization increase the challenge of governments, especially in the case of small towns. In this context, we have analyzed in this work, the public management m small towns m southern Minas G??rais, based on the usage of mandatory instruments of management and planning, as well as identifying the difficulties indicated by the municipal managers to adopt the management model. Analyses were performed from a set of information available m the literature, publications and data from the IBGE's and Accounts Court of State, supplemented by direct research at 16 small towns located in southern Minas G??rais. The analytical matrix used to identify and analyze differences in managerial models (bureaucratic and management) was built from two dimensions of performance of public administration that characterize the managerial model: the institutional-administrative, and economic-financial. In dimension institutional-administrative, the analysis show the existence of a gap in the use of instruments of urban governance and the disinterest of public staff especially those elected, in their application. The planning tools such as the Master Plan and the PPA are produced only due to legal requirements. In the economic-financial dimension, winch constraints are treated in this work, was the fulfillment of the ceiling on personnel expenses and minimum areas of health and education, evidences, as empirical and documentary, show that expenditures are kept within the limits set by the FRL. The evidences presented by this study, considering their limitations, suggest that still survive in municipal management models distinct of public administration, with predominance of patronage and bureaucracy. It was noted, too, attempts to incorporate practice of management model, induced by laws and norms issued by higher authorities of government. Prevails, however, in the small municipalities studied, a scenario where public agents implement political strategies of maintaining purely political spaces with electioneering goals. Finally, we conclude, based on evidence observed during the study, the coexistence of patronage, bureaucracy and the incipient management practices clearly reflect in the the low efficiency and effectiveness of Brazil's municipal goverments, mainly, mostly in the small municipalities wich are most needy and dependents. / Governo e Pol??tica

The aim of this diploma thesis is to present the impact of the Josephine reforms of town-councils on the administrative development of a minor South Bohemian liege town. The work is divided into several chapters, which study the local administrative organization in Lhenice just before the mentioned reform and the life of the local inhabitants at the turn of the 18th and 19th century. Being put into context, there was even outlined the progress of establishing regulated town-councils in some Bohemian and Moravian towns and the influence of no implementation of this system on the administration functioning in the town.

Orientador: Maria Encarnação Beltrão Sposito / Banca: Everaldo Santos Melazzo / Banca: Arthur Magon Whitacker / Banca: Beatriz Ribeiro Soares / Banca: Celene Cunha Monteiro Antunes Barreira / Resumo: Este estudo foi realizado com base na linha de pesquisa Desenvolvimento Regional e tem como foco a cidade de Sanclerlândia - GO, situada no cruzamento das Rodovias GO 164 e GO 326. O povoamento inicial que deu origem à cidade ocorreu nas décadas de 1930 e 1940, principalmente por migrantes mineiros. Um estabelecimento comercial, o cemitério, a capela de São Sebastião e uma escola pública; localizados às margens de uma estrada que interligava Mossâmedes a Córrego do Ouro são as bases de constituição da cidade. O Povoado do Barreirinho, primeira denominação de Sanclerlândia, foi elevado à condição de distrito e de município com a denominação de Sanclerlândia. Para o desenvolvimento desta investigação, levamos em conta a constituição e a ampliação das centralidades intra e interurbana na e da cidade. Até o início da década de 1990, ela foi uma cidade local sem influência expressiva na região. A partir de então, passou por um conjunto articulado de mudanças, muitas delas ainda em curso, cujos processos possibilitaram transformações no espaço intraurbano, inclusive com a ampliação de áreas de concentração das atividades comerciais e de serviços no centro da cidade. As transformações são expressivas também na relação interurbana de Sanclerlândia na e com a região, mais especificamente com a ampliação de influências nas cidades de Buriti de Goiás, Córrego do Ouro e Mossâmedes. Assim, os processos verificados na cidade definiram e definem, por enquanto, a centralidade da cidade no seu espaço interno, bem como na sua relação interurbana / Abstract: This study is based on the Regional Development line of research and focus the town called Sanclerlândia which is located approximately in the junction of the motorways GO-164 e GO-326 - state of Goiás. Its first settlement ocurred within 1930 and 1940 mainly by the "mineiros" (people originally from Minas Gerais, a state located in the south-east region of Brazil). A small shop, a cemetery, the Saint Sebastian Chapel and a state school, located just beside the main road that connect Mossâmedes to Córrego do Ouro are the basis of the constitution of this town. "O povoado do Barreirinho" the previous name for Sanclerlândia, was later raised to a condition of district and municipality thereafter being called Sanclerlândia. In order to develop this study we took into account the constitution and the expansion of it as a business and services centre within the town and also in relation to some neighbouring towns. Sanclerlândia was not a very influential district until the early 1990s. However, from then on, it went through a number of well-planned changes, some of them still developing, that made it possible to transform and develop the inner urban space, including the expansion of businesses, trading and services downtown. The transformation is also quite evident in relation to some neighbouring towns such as Buriti de Goiás, Córrego do Ouro and Mossâmedes, all of which have inscreasingly been influenced by all the changes in Sanclerlândia. Therefore, the development found in this town defined and define, for the time being, its capacity of being a businesses and services centre within its inner space, as well as being it in relation to other cities / Doutor

As the problem of urban-rural inequality in China becomes increasingly severe, urban-rural integration has become a hot topic among both researchers and policymakers. However, to achieve urban-rural integration faces the challenges from dualism in institutional arrangements, diversity in territorial contexts, and uncertainty in development environments. In response to these challenges, this research employs the idea of ‘economic linkages of small towns’ to develop a rural-centred, place-based, and process-oriented approach towards urban-rural integration. This research examines the functions, patterns, and dynamics of economic linkages of small towns under the wider economic-spatial restructuring process brought by rapid economic growth and urbanisation in China. More specifically, this research explores the implications of small towns’ economic linkages for integrated development of urban and rural areas. Based on the idea of ‘problem-solving’, this research develops the conceptual framework of ‘Learning-based Territorial Economic System (TES)’ which includes ‘knowledge system’, ‘organisational system’, and ‘territorial system’. This conceptual framework conceptualises ‘economic linkages’ as interactions between economic actors who participated in various ‘interactive situations’ in solving local development problems. This research carried out two case studies of successful small town and rural development in Kunshan, Jiangsu and Shunde, Guangdong. The empirical findings demonstrate that economic linkages are crucial in identifying local development problems, getting access to key economic resources, and coordinating economic activities in uncertain circumstances. Based on the empirical findings, this research develops two development models of Learning-based TES – the Kunshan Model and the Shunde Model – as coherent systems of economic linkages in problem-solving processes. Explicitly, the Kunshan Model features interactive situations of competitive positioning, elite coalition-building, and synchronised operation and the Shunde Model features interactive situations of reflective monitoring, skill matching, and communicative mediation. In application of these two development models, this research formulates a ‘3-step formula’ as key policy implication, including assessment, experiment, and institutionalisation. Such ‘3-step formula’ can contribute to build up local problem-solving capacities that lead to more substantial urban-rural integration.

This paper takes a look at the challenges mayors of Czech small towns face in they day-to-day job and presents a comprehensive overview of ways they can be addressed. It then focuses on the non-financial and non-legislative tools of cooperation and external support in particular, which are introduced under a collective name "services for effective rural governance". The thesis then presents on the concept of "service design" and its uses in the public sector. Consequently, this method is used to analyze and propose changes to the currently available services for effective rural governance so that they best serve the small town mayors.

The goal of this thesis is to analyse the business opportunities in Libáň and propose a new business plan, which in this particular town is missing and has the potential to succeed. The thesis is divided into two parts. The theoretical part deals mainly with small and medium sector companies and prerequisites for a successful business. There are also explained the terminology attaching to the business and the business plan. The practical part consists of a business plan of the language school in a small town. The plan also contains of a detailed description of services offered, location and competitive environment as well as marketing and financial plan. At the end of the document are evaluated risks and prospects of the plan.

Det offentliga rummet är under konstant förändring och i Sverige pågår det stora satsningar för att bevara levande stadskärnor, framförallt genom bevarande av kommersiell handel. Oavsett storlek på städer tenderar centrumutveckling i Sverige att grundas på liknande mål och visioner, att det är nationella och internationella ideal och trender som styr. Utifrån den bakgrunden är syftet med vår uppsats att studera hur en av Sveriges mindre städer, Karlsborg, planlägger för att utveckla sitt centrum. För att besvara uppsatsens syfte genom studiens gång har följande frågeställningar utformats:● Hur presenteras problem som centrumutvecklingen ska lösa i kommunens styrdokument?● Vilka är de underliggande faktorerna för centrumutveckling i Karlsborg?● Hur är Karlsborgs framtidsplaner för sin centrumutveckling anpassade efter tätortens kontext?Till vår hjälp att analysera Karlsborgs uttalade planer och visioner för deras centrumutveckling har vi använt den diskursanalytiska metoden What's the problem represented to be? framtagen av Carol Lee Bacchi. Analysmetoden är uppbyggd av sex analysfrågor som gett oss möjlighet till att förstå vad som är det egentliga problemet som ligger bakom Karlsborgs centrumutveckling. Resultatet av vår undersökning visade på att den dominerande problempresentationen för Karlsborgs centrumutveckling var att de vill arbeta bort den splittrade centrumbild som finns idag. Den splittrade bilden av centrum ses som ett hot mot Karlsborgs tillväxt och attraktivitet, vilket är två av de underliggande faktorerna till att kommunen centrumutvecklar. Det går också att se kopplingar till den splittrade centrumbilden i Karlsborgs geografiska utformning och historiska framväxt. I kommunens beskrivningar för att arbeta för en enad bild är vår tolkning att de influerats av rådande normer och andra centrumutvecklingsprojekt, samtidigt som de i viss mån tar tillvara på sina egna förutsättningar och vill planlägga efter vad som kan anses bäst utifrån dem.

The topic of this diploma thesis is a cultural life in small spa towns, specifically presented on a case study of town Lázně Toušeň. In the theoretical part of the thesis the topic is incorporated into urban sociology and the thesis focuses on questions such as what is the difference between a city and a village, are there any transitional areas and what kind of urbanization processes can occur in the countryside. In the second chapter of the theoretical part the main focus of the thesis lies with spas, their history and cultural specifics. In the empirical part, the case study itself, the thesis looks into the town of Lázně Toušeň and its spa, specifically on the cultural life in the town between the years 1968 - 1989. The study focuses on topics such as what is the difference between cultural and community life in the town during normalization period and present day and how are they influenced by the specifics of Toušeň. The study also covers the topics of daily life in the spa, the organizational and financial side of the cultural events or the role of the "cultural officers". The research was based on semi structured interviews with contemporary witnesses and was complemented by historical sources and secondary literature. The objective of the thesis is to bring a study of cultural life in a...