Résumé Our thesis deals with topic a space of a small town in Czech literature. Why the authors of various generations write about a small town, what is changing in a small / provincial town, what remains the same - these are the basic questions to answer. When creating our contribution we have used language and literature publications, dictionaries, anthologies and works of selected authors Jan Neruda, Karel Poláček, Jan Drda, Bohumil Hrabal. We have found that historical factors affect both the choice of subject and method of writing and readers' perception. In difficult periods of life writers and readers return to certainties, even idealized, which childhood time brings. The small town is presented as a space where everything has its own order, there are typical and similar characters (leaders, figurines, individuals). We can discover two faces of a small town society. The atmosphere of a small town in a specific period is made of spoken language, speech and dialogues of characters too. In our work we mentioned films based on stories of our selected authors. This thesis could be beneficial for students of secondary schools or reading audience that finds pleasure in literature with small / provincial town theme.

The title of the essay is “I associate Stockholm with career focused, that you want to become something. That you’re not satisfied with the predetermined way of life that we are in Skellefteå” and is written by Erika Lundström and Josefin Möller. The purpose of this essay is to examine how the place of residence affects the individuals identity. The study is based on ten qualitative interviews with individuals residing and growing up in two different communities called Skellefteå kommun and Stockholms kommun in Sweden. A number of theories within identity creation, from for example Bauman (2004) and Pripp (2001), are used to understand the phenomena. The results demonstrate that the respondents experience a pride in living in each community. The respondents attitudes are reflected by their place of residence and how they experiences expectations to live by the community valuations to fit in. The respondents from Stockholms kommun experienced an expectation to have an education and a growing career while the respondents from Skellefteå kommun experienced an expectation to start a family and have a stable job. Their own identity is strengthened when the respondents talks about themselves in a relation to the other community which creates a kind of power imbalance between the communities. / Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka hur individens identitet och självbild påverkas av bostadsorten. Studiens empiri har samlats in genom kvalitativa semistrukturerade intervjuer med tio individer uppväxta och bosatta i Stockholms kommun samt Skellefteå kommun. Ett flertal teorier om identitetsskapande, från exempelvis Bauman (2004) och Pripp (2001), har använts för att förstå fenomenet. Resultatet av studien visar hur intervjupersonerna upplever en stolthet över att bo i respektive kommun, samt att individens identitetsskapande påverkas av förväntningarna som är kopplade till platsen. Intervjupersonerna från Stockholms kommun upplevde en förväntning på att ha en utbildning och en växande karriär, medan intervjupersonerna från Skellefteå kommun upplevde en förväntning på att bilda familj tidigt samt ha ett stabilt arbete. Den egna identiteten stärktes när intervjupersonerna talade om sig själva i relation till den andra gruppen, vilket skapar en slags maktobalans mellan de två kommunerna.

<p>There are many good reasons to ponder about what it is that makes life worth living. To observe and reflect on what it is that gives a person a good quality of life is arguably the essential core of social-work. The aim of this research was to investigate how 15-year old youths interpret quality of life. The key areas that we explored in order to meet the research aims were: what did the youths interpret as a good quality of life for a 15-year old and for an adult, how did they view their own quality of life, and did they think that the regional context (i.e. if one lives in a big city or in a small town) affects how one interpret quality of life.</p><p>The studywas based on interviews with four boys and four girls. Half of the respondents lived in a suburb of Stockholm and the other half lived in a small country town. A qualitative method was used to interview the respondents individually. The results were analysed by using Brülde´s theories on quality of life. The results show that to a large extent the youths in both areas shared each others values – a loving and supportive family was deemed to be the most important factor for a good quality of life, followed by friendships and recreational-time for young people and job satisfaction for adults. However, the two groups differed in two ways.</p><p>The suburban youths declared that they experienced a lot of school-stress which the small-town youths did not experience. Also, the Stockholm respondents identified several aspects that could make their lives better. In the contrast none of the small town respondents could identify ways to improve their lives. Explanations for these differing responses are explored in the study.</p>

There are many good reasons to ponder about what it is that makes life worth living. To observe and reflect on what it is that gives a person a good quality of life is arguably the essential core of social-work. The aim of this research was to investigate how 15-year old youths interpret quality of life. The key areas that we explored in order to meet the research aims were: what did the youths interpret as a good quality of life for a 15-year old and for an adult, how did they view their own quality of life, and did they think that the regional context (i.e. if one lives in a big city or in a small town) affects how one interpret quality of life. The studywas based on interviews with four boys and four girls. Half of the respondents lived in a suburb of Stockholm and the other half lived in a small country town. A qualitative method was used to interview the respondents individually. The results were analysed by using Brülde´s theories on quality of life. The results show that to a large extent the youths in both areas shared each others values – a loving and supportive family was deemed to be the most important factor for a good quality of life, followed by friendships and recreational-time for young people and job satisfaction for adults. However, the two groups differed in two ways. The suburban youths declared that they experienced a lot of school-stress which the small-town youths did not experience. Also, the Stockholm respondents identified several aspects that could make their lives better. In the contrast none of the small town respondents could identify ways to improve their lives. Explanations for these differing responses are explored in the study.

Water is precious, particularly in South Australia, the driest State in Australia, with over 80% of its land area receiving less than 250mm of rainfall per year. Security of water supply has always played a critical role in the economic and social development of South Australia, and will continue to do so while dependency on water from the River Murray is so high and there is competition over this from states and for different uses – municipal, irrigation, industry, and the environment. The drive towards sustainable development has evolved to attenuate overconsumption of the world’s natural resources of which water is a key element. Provision of reliable water supplies to regional South Australia has always presented challenges, given the vast distances involved and the limited number of natural water sources. Despite these, a majority of South Australians enjoy the benefit of a reliable and safe water supply, adequate waste disposal system, good community health and high standard of living. A challenge remains to determine the sustainability of current major water pipe transfer systems from remote resources to small communities. There may be scope for managing existing water supplies more effectively and further developing local water harvesting and reuse solutions to minimise the need for more significant infrastructure investment. This study investigates the challenges and opportunities for extending development of non-potable (secondary) water supply schemes in South Australian towns. These schemes will conserve the State’s freshwater resources. The primary focus of this study is harnessing stormwater runoff and treated effluent generated by normal township development to supplement higher quality public water for uses such as irrigation of public areas and sporting fields in country areas. Water harvesting and reuse is not likely to occur due to some technological breakthrough but through application of known technology and the adoption of water conscious ethics by society. However, it is a sensible reality for the South Australian climate, particularly when coupled with appropriate conservation and suitable landscaping practices. Thus, the major theme of this study is information sharing since if people are familiar with and understand the concepts then more communities may be encouraged to develop their resources. Water reuse has proven to be a beneficial strategy for addressing stormwater runoff and wastewater disposal problems and alleviating localised water supply problems for several South Australian towns and communities. The existing projects demonstrate both the strong community-based and innovative approach to water resources management in this state. They are inherently simple in form, and can often be assembled with readily available materials by people with a basic understanding of plumbing and construction skills (locally available). The potential for localised water harvesting and reuse in South Australian towns is generally limited to single purpose communal non-potable systems. Further, it is likely to only be sustainable in rural communities willing to make a commitment to its long term, proper operation and maintenance, or they could endanger public health. / http://proxy.library.adelaide.edu.au/login?url= http://library.adelaide.edu.au/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=1283773 / Thesis (M.Eng.Sc.) - University of Adelaide, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2007

This work s purpose is to understand the spatial organization and dynamics of Frutal (MG), a small town that has been going through great economic dynamism throughout the last years and, therefore, socio-spatial changes. At first, Brazil s urbanization process is approached as well as the importance of small cities and the transformations, above all, within the ambit of centrality, that is to say, concerning the influence of the power of polarization and/or leadership from defined spaces due to their concentration of specific elements. Historically, it is presented Frutal s genesis, its development in the economic, demographic and socio-spatial areas and its insertion into regional context. At last, some analysis variables are taken into consideration, such as the county s economic activities, specially those related to agribusiness, which allowed us to understand the connection between their development and Frutal s urban and consequently, interurban dynamics. Finally, this paper helps us to understand the role of social agents in this county s socio-spatial transformations, of which reflections are also noticeable in the urban range. From this work, some tendencies are indicated to Frutal s county and its micro-region. / Este trabalho tem como objetivo compreender a organização espacial e a dinâmica de Frutal (MG), município que, nos últimos anos, tem passado por grande dinamismo econômico e, portanto, transformações socioespaciais. Inicialmente, aborda-se o processo de urbanização brasileiro, a importância das pequenas cidades e as transformações, sobretudo, no âmbito da centralidade, ou seja, da influência do poder de polarização e/ou comando de determinados espaços em função da concentração de certos elementos. É apresentada historicamente a gênese e o desenvolvimento econômico, demográfico e socioespacial de Frutal e sua inserção no contexto regional. Por fim, são consideradas algumas variáveis de análise, como as atividades econômicas do município, principalmente aquelas relacionadas ao agronegócio, que possibilitaram entender a relação entre o crescimento destas com a dinâmica do espaço urbano e, consequentemente, do espaço interurbano de Frutal. Portanto, o estudo permite entender o papel dos agentes sociais na transformação socioespacial deste município, cujos reflexos também são verificados em sua rede urbana. A partir deste trabalho são apontadas algumas tendências para o município de Frutal, bem como para a sua microrregião. / Mestre em Geografia

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-05-16T14:29:37Z No. of bitstreams: 1 alexandradejesusmedinaschiavo.pdf: 5086563 bytes, checksum: f072e9b1f26715223bb09b768b1ffb6d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-06-28T11:30:55Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 alexandradejesusmedinaschiavo.pdf: 5086563 bytes, checksum: f072e9b1f26715223bb09b768b1ffb6d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-28T11:30:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 alexandradejesusmedinaschiavo.pdf: 5086563 bytes, checksum: f072e9b1f26715223bb09b768b1ffb6d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-10-26 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / As reflexões desenvolvidas nessa pesquisa tem como foco o processo de produção do es-paço nas pequenas cidades pensando, sobretudo, nas interações entre o urbano e o rural em Matipó – MG. Esse município compõe uma região de outras tantas cidadezinhas que, res-guardadas as peculiaridades individuais, possuem uma dinâmica similar em que cidade e campo se inter-relacionam através da prática socioespacial dos sujeitos locais. Optou-se por pensar essas relações e as manifestações das urbanidades e ruralidades mediante os usos do espaço matipoense pelos trabalhadores rurais, estudantes, cidadãos usuários das instâncias de saúde, dentre outros, e das formas como vai se delineando a produção espaci-al a partir da escolha de algumas dimensões importantes: a cafeicultura e o trabalho exerci-do nessa atividade, o setor de saúde, a educação básica e o ensino médio e superior. Abor-da-se também a dinâmica do solo e a expansão de novos loteamentos na cidade e um re-cente fomento à construção de chácaras e sítios de passeio no campo. Os resultados obtidos permitiram compreender que essas dimensões se articulam e se movimentam em ambos os sentidos, cidade-campo e campo-cidade demonstrando a complementaridade urbano-rural existente nessa escala. / The reflections developed in this research focuses in the production process in small town spaces, thinking mainly in the interactions between urban and rural in Matipó – MG. This town composes a region with a lot of other small towns that, except the individual peculiar-ities, have a similar dynamic in that town and countryside are interrelated through socio-spatial practices of local subjects. We chose thinking about these relationships and the ur-banities and ruralities manifestations by the uses of matipoense space by rural workers, students, users of health instances among others, and the ways as the spatial production will taking shape from the choice of some important dimensions: the coffee farming and the work done in this activity, the health sector, the basic education, high school and col-lege. We also discuss the soil dynamic and the expansion of new allotments in the town and a recent incentive to build small farms and country houses to field trips. The results allowed us to understand that this dimensions are linked and they move in both directions, town-countryside and countryside-town showing the complementary urban-rural in that range.

The present dissertation is an analysis in its spatial and temporal scales and the roles of urban land use in the small town of São Sepé in which dynamic is related to the agricultural sector in which the city is part. Therefore, there are many roles in the economic sector, specifically associated to the cooperative named COTRISEL. The reality of this town is expressed by economic flows from the business generated by the cooperative in the region. In this context, this town of Portuguese colonization, the concession the Sesmarias (large land properties), for many centuries it was dominated by elites, owners of land, defending their interests. The economy of São Sepé focuses on the agricultural sector, with trading and services depending on this sector. It is also the agribusiness benefit from the primary production, adding that production value. It was also analyzed, the capital, the urban equipment and infrastructure in order to verify how this type of economy was able to generate jobs, equipment or even urban infrastructure to conduct activities. / O presente estudo analisa em suas escalas espaciais e temporais os papéis e o uso do solo urbano da pequena cidade de São Sepé cujas dinâmicas atrelam-se ao setor agropecuário no qual a cidade está envolvida. Para isso destacam-se os papéis econômicos desse setor, ligado especificamente a cooperativa COTRISEL. A realidade dessa cidade se expressa pelos fluxos econômicos provenientes dos negócios gerados pela cooperativa na região. Nesse contexto, a cidade fruto da colonização portuguesa, da concessão de sesmarias, foi dominada durante muitos séculos pelas elites, donas de terras, defendendo seus interesses. A economia de São Sepé está centrada no setor agrícola, com o comércio e serviços dependendo deste setor. Destaca-se ainda o agronegócio beneficiando parte da produção primária, agregando valor aquela produção. Ainda foram analisados, o capital social, os equipamentos urbanos e a infra-estrutura como forma de averiguar o quanto aquele tipo de economia foi capaz de gerar empregos, equipamentos ou mesmo infra-estrutura urbana para a realização de suas atividades.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Small towns play important urban roles for local and regional development; the few urban facilities are enough to meet population dynamics. From this perspective, the research analyzes the (re) structuring of urban Nova Palma, as well as new urban roles connected to the CAMNPAL. It is through this cooperative that City is improved and new urban forms and functions will initiate urban expansion promoting the local / regional development, connecting the town urban to a global trade network. The city, which arises due to the need for agriculture and agricultural trade, has today as the main urban role: the marketing and processing of agricultural products in the Region of the Fourth Colony of Italian Immigration, and as a result of this role, new activities and services will make up the urban landscape of New Palma. The continued expansion of the city depends on government policies, actions of local stakeholders and society regarding local potentialities. / As pequenas cidades apresentam papéis urbanos importantes para o desenvolvimento local e regional, os poucos equipamentos urbanos são suficientes para atender a dinâmica da população. Nessa perspectiva, a pesquisa analisa a (re) estruturação urbana de Nova Palma, bem como os novos papéis urbanos ligados a CAMNPAL. É através desta cooperativa que a cidade se vê impulsionada e novas formas e funções urbanas vão desencadear uma expansão urbana promovendo o desenvolvimento local/regional, conectando o urbano novapalmense a uma rede comercial global. A cidade que surge em função da agricultura e da necessidade de comércio agrícola, tem nos dias de hoje, o principal papel urbano: a comercialização e beneficiamento dos produtos agrícolas da Região da Quarta Colônia de Imigração Italiana, e em decorrência deste papel, novas atividades e serviços passam a compor o cenário urbano de Nova Palma. A expansão contínua da cidade dependerá das políticas públicas, das ações dos atores locais e da sociedade em relação das potencialidades locais.

Cette thèse vise l’étude des processus d’émergence, de structuration et de mutation d’un réseau urbain antique depuis la fin de la Protohistoire jusqu’au Moyen Âge dans une micro-région située aux confins des territoires antiques éduens, lingons et séquanes, le Val de Saône. Celle-ci se caractérise par une armature dense d’agglomérations gallo-romaines possédant une somme et une qualité de données inégalée en Gaule, fruit de recherches anciennes et récentes. Alors que ces agglomérations ont été parmi les premières étudiées au cours des années 1980, leur exploitation s’est limitée à l’étude des hiérarchies et des fonctions urbaines durant le Haut-Empire, délaissant la chronologie et l’évolution du système urbain.Le corpus de sites a fait l’objet d’une démarche d’homogénéisation et de cartographie des données grâce à des outils spécialement développés. Pour répondre aux questions d’organisation spatiale et de chronologie, de nouvelles acquisitions d’informations ont été réalisées. Ces données, rassemblées dans des notices et synthétisées à travers une série de descripteurs, permettent de réfléchir sur une meilleure définition de la caractérisation des agglomérations et sur l’étude de leur parcours chronologique.C’est à partir de la typo-chronologie des agglomérations que les dynamiques spatiales, morphologiques et temporelles sont mises en évidence à l’échelle du Val de Saône, puis comparées avec les données du Centre-Est de la Gaule. L’analyse in-terne des agglomérations permet d’appréhender la place et le rôle des composantes principales des occupations comme les parures monumentales, les types d’habitat ou l’artisanat. L’enquête montre l’importance et la variété des agglomérations dans le système de peuplement du Val de Saône depuis la fin de la période laténienne. L’organisation des ré-seaux antiques, issue d’un héritage protohistorique très marqué, et les dynamiques urbaines indiquent des récurrences et des spécificités à chacune des cités.Cette thèse constitue ainsi une synthèse inédite sur l’émergence, le développement et le devenir de ce réseau urbain remarquable, dont la structure est encore nettement discernable aujourd’hui. / The aim of this thesis is to study the processes of emergence, structuring and mutation of an ancient urban network from the end of the Protohistory to the beginning of the Middle Ages in a micro-region located on the edge of the ancient éduens, lingons and séquanes territories, the Saône Valley. This area is characterized by a density of Gallo-Roman small towns with an amount and a high quality of data unequalled in Gaul, as a result of ancient and recent research. While these small towns were among the first studied in the 1980’s, their exploitation was limited to the study of hierarchies and urban functions during the High Empire, neglecting the chronology and the evolution of the urban system.The site corpus has been homogenized and mapped using new tools that were specially developed for that. To meet the expectations of spatial organization and chronology, new information has been gathered. These data, collected in notes and synthesised through a set of archaeological descriptors, allow us to reflect on a better definition of the small towns characterization and on the study of their evolution paths.It is from the typo-chronology of the towns that spatial, morphological and temporal dynamics are highlighted on the scale of the Saône Valley, then are compared to the Central-East of Gaul’s data. The internal analysis of towns makes it possible to understand the place and role of the main components of occupancies such as monumental adornments, habitat types or handicraft. The research shows the importance and the variety of the urban area towns in the settlement system of Saône Valley from the end of the Latenian period. The organization of ancient networks, resulting from a very marked protohistorical heritage, and the urban dynamics indicate recurrences and specificities to each of the cities.This thesis makes an unprecedented synthesis on the emergence, development and future of this remarkable urban network, whose structure is still distinctly discernible nowadays.