New ventures started by entrepreneurs need access to the right amount of financial resourcesin order to grow and expand businesses. Venture capital financing and partnerships withventure capital firms is a common route for entrepreneurial companies to acquire the neededfinancing for growing the venture, which in turn benefits a country’s economy as a whole.The partnership between the venture capital firm and the entrepreneur may involve conflicts,due to different goals and objectives towards the business, difference in management stylesand personal background as well as task and contextual conflicts, to mention some examples.We discovered a knowledge gap regarding conflicts between venture capital firms andentrepreneurs in Sweden and hence our aim with this study is to provide an answer on howventure capital firms and entrepreneurs are dealing with these potential conflicts in Sweden.To find out the answer, we reviewed selected and relevant literature on the subject andadapted a theoretical framework, based on existing literature. In terms of methodologicalapproach, we chose to be constructionists by following the abductive approach, in order toeffectively answer our research question and be able to add and complement our theoreticalframework, based on our empirical findings.Our empirical findings consists of four valuable interviews with venture capital firmmanagers and another four interviews with entrepreneurial CEOs and/or company founders,to get the view of both parties involved in venture capital partnerships. Based on ourempirical findings, our main conclusion is that the venture capital partnership often suffersfrom lacking communication from either or both parties, which could start or worsen theconflicts. Many of these problems are also derived by the vastly different backgrounds ofventure capital firm managers compared to entrepreneurs.Additionally, our study notes a tendency for less patience for conflicts among venture capitalfirms compared to entrepreneurs, as venture capital firms are willing to replace the currentCEO or make an early exit the venture or even liquidate its shares, if they deem problems assevere. On the other hand, entrepreneurs want to keep the dialogue going and seem to havemore patience. To mitigate the conflicts in the venture capital partnership, based on ourfindings, we propose that venture capital firms should hire managers or consultants with amore technical background when evaluating and working with certain entrepreneurs.Furthermore, venture capital firms may need to be more dynamic in terms of their controlmeasurements as opposed to being overly static on a long-term business plan which may getoutdated or lose relevancy.Entrepreneurs, nonetheless, need training and support in many cases, to understand how tocommunicate in business contexts and write business plans in order to facilitate thecollaboration with their venture capitalists.

Yes / This paper investigates the links between institutional systems and the entry mode of Multinational Corporations (MNCs) in developing and transition countries (DTCs). An assessment is made of the reasons for the continuing use of international joint ventures (IJVs) in countries that have undergone reforms intended to lead to the development of wholly owned subsidiaries. The paper argues that formal and informal institutional constraints in DTCs lead to high transaction and uncertainty costs for MNCs, and that the use of IJVs is a rational response to attempt to lower these high costs. The paper follows the literature suggesting that IJVs are normally a `second best¿ entry mode in terms of the potential for foreign direct investment (FDI) to contribute to the development of DTCs. The reform process in Jordan is used to illustrate how institutional systems, especially informal institutional constraints, lead to high transaction and uncertainty costs. In the case of Jordan, this occurred despite a series of four reform packages seeking to reduce the institutional barriers to effective business activities. Interviews of 28 foreign companies provide the basis for an empirical assessment of the importance of both formal and informal institutional constraints and infrastructure problems. The paper includes an outline of a future research agenda that seeks to generalise and develop the results from Jordan to other DTCs.

Yes / Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the role of dynamic marketing capabilities (DMC), foreign ownership modes and sub-national locations on the performance of foreign owned affiliates (FOAs) in developing economies. Design/methodology/approach – Based on a sample of 254 FOAs in Indian manufacturing sector (covering the period of 2000-2008 leading to 623 firm-year observations), the empirical paper adopts the panel data regression approach. Findings – The study confirms the significant importance of DMC to assist FOAs to gain better sales performance in an emerging market such as India. The findings indicate that Wholly Owned Foreign Affiliates (WOFAs) have better sales performance than International Joint Venture (IJV), and Majority-owned IJV (MAIJV) perform better than Minority-owned IJV (MIIJV) in the Indian manufacturing sector. The results confirm that effective deployment of DMC leads to better sales performance in WOFAs and to some extent in MAIJVs. Perhaps the most interesting finding is that developing DMC in non-Metropolitan areas is associated with higher sales growth than in Metropolitan locations. Originality/value – The study contributes to the literature by examining the impact of DMC on performance of FOA by considering the organised manufacturing sector in a large and fast growing developing economy. In addition, the results for the moderating effects provide novel evidence of the conditions under which DMC of FOA interacts with different ownership modes and influence firm performance.

by Wan Kai Hong. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1997. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 95-102). / Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- Method --- p.11 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- An Evaluation of Economic Efficiency of State-owned and Collective Enterprises in Hubei --- p.23 / Chapter Chapter 4 --- An Evaluation of Economic Efficiency of International Joint Ventures in Shanghai --- p.44 / Chapter Chapter 5 --- Conclusion --- p.90 / References --- p.95 / Tables --- p.103 / Figure --- p.241

by Tse Ching-Yee. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1997. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 63-64). / ABSTRACT --- p.ii / TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.iii / CHAPTER / Chapter 1. --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Chapter 2. --- THE MARKET ENVIRONMENT OF CHINA --- p.3 / Chapter 3. --- COMPANY BACKGROUND --- p.9 / Chapter 4. --- METHODOLOGY --- p.10 / Chapter 5. --- ANALYSIS OF PRE-1996 STRATEGY --- p.11 / Chapter 5.1 --- Marketing --- p.11 / Chapter 5.2 --- Organization --- p.20 / Chapter 5.3 --- Logistics and Production --- p.22 / Chapter 5.4 --- Finance --- p.23 / Chapter 6. --- ANALYSIS OF THE 1996 STRATEGIC PLAN --- p.25 / Chapter 6.1 --- The New Strategic Direction --- p.25 / Chapter 6.2 --- Organization and Management --- p.27 / Chapter 6.3 --- Marketing --- p.31 / Chapter 6.4 --- Logistics and Production --- p.35 / Chapter 7. --- IDENTIFICATION OF MAJOR CHALLENGES OF STRATEGIC CHANGE --- p.37 / Chapter 7.1 --- Potential Resistance to Change --- p.37 / Chapter 7.2 --- Marketing --- p.39 / Chapter 7.3 --- Personnel --- p.41 / Chapter 8. --- RECOMMENDATIONS --- p.42 / Chapter 8.1 --- Reduce Potential Resistance --- p.45 / Chapter 8.2 --- Planning and Control --- p.46 / Chapter 8.3 --- Sales Forces Management --- p.48 / Chapter 8.4 --- Managing the Resources --- p.52 / Chapter 9. --- CONCLUSION --- p.55 / APPENDIX --- p.56 / BIBLIOGRAPHY --- p.63

As alianças estratégicas são uma das alternativas de estratégias de cooperação estabelecidas entre duas ou mais empresas com objetivos comuns, visando o estabelecimento de uma vantagem competitiva, sendo que a joint venture, dentre as possibilidades, é a mais frequente. Neste sentido, a presente pesquisa buscou analisar a estruturação, o desenvolvimento e a evolução da joint venture JOST Brasil Sistemas Automotivos Ltda., empresa localizada em Caxias do Sul (RS), resultado da parceria entre a empresa brasileira Randon S.A. e a empresa alemã JOST-Werke. Como metodologia de pesquisa, foi utilizada a pesquisa qualitativa, com caráter exploratório, a partir do desenvolvimento de um estudo de caso, aliado à análise documental e à aplicação de entrevistas individuais em profundidade, com uma abordagem semi-estruturada, considerando-se, como sustentação teórica, a literatura relacionada à estratégia, alianças estratégicas, joint ventures e a Teoria VBR (Visão Baseada em Recursos). A pesquisa permitiu identificar os motivos dos parceiros de negócio para a implementação da joint venture relacionando-os com a Teoria da Visão Baseada em Recursos, as principais etapas de implementação, os fatores críticos de sucesso, os mecanismos de governança adotados, bem como a evolução da JOST Brasil, resultando em considerações teóricas e empíricas que servem como suporte para a compreensão do processo de estruturação, desenvolvimento e evolução de joint ventures. Entre os principais resultados encontram-se a existência de objetivos comuns entre os sócios, a complementariedade de recursos e o desenvolvimento de vantagens competitivas. / Submitted by Marcelo Teixeira (mvteixeira@ucs.br) on 2014-06-04T16:30:22Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Flavia Camargo Bernardi.pdf: 2219580 bytes, checksum: 6ea54708289e82abc8dad56b2661df4a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-04T16:30:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Flavia Camargo Bernardi.pdf: 2219580 bytes, checksum: 6ea54708289e82abc8dad56b2661df4a (MD5) / Strategic alliances are one of the choices for strategies of cooperation established between two or more companies with common goals in order to gain a competitive strategy. Joint ventures, among such possibilities, are the most frequent ones. In this sense, this research has sought to examine the structure, development and evolution of the joint venture JOST Brasil Sistemas Automotivos Ltda., a company based in Caxias do Sul (RS), and the result of a partnership between the Brazilian company Randon S.A. and the German company JOST-Werke. As research methodology, the qualitative research with exploratory nature has been used from the development of a case study, combined with documentary analysis and in-depth individual interviews using a semi-structured approach. As theoretical support, literature related to strategy, strategic alliances, joint ventures and RBV (Resource-Based View Theory) has been likewise used. The research made it possible to identify the reasons why business partners have decided to set up a joint venture, relating them to the Resource-Based View Theory, main implementation phases, critical success factors, adopted mechanisms of governance, as well as the evolution of JOST Brasil, resulting in theoretical and empirical considerations that serve as support to understand the structuring process, development and evolution of joint ventures. Among the main results are the partners` common goals, complementary resources and development of competitive edges.

As alianças estratégicas são uma das alternativas de estratégias de cooperação estabelecidas entre duas ou mais empresas com objetivos comuns, visando o estabelecimento de uma vantagem competitiva, sendo que a joint venture, dentre as possibilidades, é a mais frequente. Neste sentido, a presente pesquisa buscou analisar a estruturação, o desenvolvimento e a evolução da joint venture JOST Brasil Sistemas Automotivos Ltda., empresa localizada em Caxias do Sul (RS), resultado da parceria entre a empresa brasileira Randon S.A. e a empresa alemã JOST-Werke. Como metodologia de pesquisa, foi utilizada a pesquisa qualitativa, com caráter exploratório, a partir do desenvolvimento de um estudo de caso, aliado à análise documental e à aplicação de entrevistas individuais em profundidade, com uma abordagem semi-estruturada, considerando-se, como sustentação teórica, a literatura relacionada à estratégia, alianças estratégicas, joint ventures e a Teoria VBR (Visão Baseada em Recursos). A pesquisa permitiu identificar os motivos dos parceiros de negócio para a implementação da joint venture relacionando-os com a Teoria da Visão Baseada em Recursos, as principais etapas de implementação, os fatores críticos de sucesso, os mecanismos de governança adotados, bem como a evolução da JOST Brasil, resultando em considerações teóricas e empíricas que servem como suporte para a compreensão do processo de estruturação, desenvolvimento e evolução de joint ventures. Entre os principais resultados encontram-se a existência de objetivos comuns entre os sócios, a complementariedade de recursos e o desenvolvimento de vantagens competitivas. / Strategic alliances are one of the choices for strategies of cooperation established between two or more companies with common goals in order to gain a competitive strategy. Joint ventures, among such possibilities, are the most frequent ones. In this sense, this research has sought to examine the structure, development and evolution of the joint venture JOST Brasil Sistemas Automotivos Ltda., a company based in Caxias do Sul (RS), and the result of a partnership between the Brazilian company Randon S.A. and the German company JOST-Werke. As research methodology, the qualitative research with exploratory nature has been used from the development of a case study, combined with documentary analysis and in-depth individual interviews using a semi-structured approach. As theoretical support, literature related to strategy, strategic alliances, joint ventures and RBV (Resource-Based View Theory) has been likewise used. The research made it possible to identify the reasons why business partners have decided to set up a joint venture, relating them to the Resource-Based View Theory, main implementation phases, critical success factors, adopted mechanisms of governance, as well as the evolution of JOST Brasil, resulting in theoretical and empirical considerations that serve as support to understand the structuring process, development and evolution of joint ventures. Among the main results are the partners` common goals, complementary resources and development of competitive edges.

In dieser Studie analysieren wir die Interaktionen zwischen Multiproduktwettbewerb und drei Aspekten von Innovation: Research Joint Ventures mit asymmetrischen Unternehmen, Neue Produkteinführung, und Innovation mit Multiproduktunternehmen. Wir untersuchen Mechanismen und Effekte, die einen Einfluß auf die Marktstruktur, das Marktverhalten und das Marktergebnis ausüben, indem wir theoretische Modelle analysieren und empirische strukturelle Modelle schätzen. Diese Arbeit gliedert sich wie folgt: Kapitel 2 verdeutlicht die Interaktion von Multiproduktwettbewerb und der Innovationstätigkeit von Unternehmen. Wir präsentieren die gegenwärtigen theoretischen and empirischen Arbeiten auf dem Gebiet der Innovationen. In Kapitel 3 analysieren wir die Effekte zwischen Multiproduktwettbewerb und Anreize von asymmetrischen Unternehmen, Innovationen zu betreiben und Research Joint Ventures zu gründen. In Kapitel 4 und 5 konzentrieren wir uns auf die Interaktion zwischen Multiproduktwettbewerb und neuer Produkteinführung. Wir präsentieren zwei theoretische Modelle über vertikale Produktdifferenzierung und untersuchen die Anreize für die etablierten Unternehmen neue Produkte mit unterschiedlicher Qualität in den Markt einzuführen. Unternehmen können hierbei entscheiden, ob sie die vorigen Produkte weiterhin im Markt anbieten oder aus dem Markt ziehen. In Kapitel 6 untersuchen wir den Zusammenhang zwischen Multiproduktwettbewerb und Innovation mit Multiproduktunternehmen. Das Verhalten von Multiproduktunternehmen unterscheidet sich von Einzelproduktunternehmen, da Output- und Produkteinführungsentscheidungen auf zentraler Ebene getroffen werden. Wir analysieren die ,Dynamic Random Access Memory' Industrie (DRAM chips sind Halbleiterchips) mit Berücksichtigung von Multiproduktunternehmen und untersuchen Spillovers, Skalenerträge und Lerneffekte, als auch das Verhalten der Unternehmen im Produktmarkt und die Dynamik über den Produktlebenszyklus. In Kapitel 7 fassen wir die Forschungsergebnisse zusammen und bewerten diese im Kontext der gegenwärtigen Forschung. Darüber hinaus schlagen wir weitere Aspekte für zukünftige Forschungsarbeiten auf diesem Gebiet vor. Schließlich beschreiben wir in Kapitel 8 die Datenbanken, die in unseren empirischen Analysen Anwendung finden. email: siebert@medea.wz-berlin.de / In this study we theoretically and empirically analyze the interactions between multiproduct competition and three aspects of innovation: Research Joint Ventures with asymmetric firms, new product introduction, and innovation with multiproduct firms. We investigate the main mechanisms and effects that impact on market structure, behavior and performance by analyzing theoretical and estimating structural models.The thesis is structured as follows: Chapter 2 provides insights into how multiproduct competition may interact with innovation. We survey current theoretical and empirical results on the literature of innovation. In Chapter 3, we analyze the effect of multiproduct competition on the incentives of asymmetric firms to innovate and to form a Research Joint Venture. In Chapters 4 and 5 we concentrate on the interrelation between multiproduct competition and new product introduction. We present two theoretical models of vertical product differentiation and investigate the incentives for incumbent firms to introduce new products in different quality areas. Firms are allowed to keep or withdraw their original products from the market. In Chapter 6 we will focus on the link between multiproduct competition and innovation with multiproduct firms. Multiproduct firms behave differently in the product market compared to single product firms. Decisions for product innovation or output are taken at a centralized level, so that a multiproduct firm takes the effects on other products into account. We analyze the Dynamic Random Access Memory industry (DRAM chips are semiconductor chips) with respect to multiproduct firms and investigate the Spillover, Economies of Scale, and Learning by Doing effects, as well as firms' behaviour in the product market, and the dynamics over the product life cycle. In Chapter 7 we summarize the results, assess the new research findings in the context of contributions to current research, and provide suggestions for future research. Finally, in Chapter 8 we provide a description of the databases we used in our empirical studies. email: siebert@medea.wz-berlin.de

The so-called digital economy has been growing exponentially in the emerging economies and it is expected to continue growing around the globe. For this reason, many governments are funding support programmes (e.g. Start-up America in the USA, the UK’s Tech City, and Brazil Startup) to both encourage and facilitate the creation of Digital Start-ups (DSs), defined here as recentlycreated enterprises that produce solely digital products or services. Whilst in some regions there is some evidence that these efforts are starting to pay off, the majority of DSs that have grown to become global digital enterprises remain concentrated in the United States and Europe. In the case of Latin America, the digital economy already accounts for between 2-3.2% of GDP. Nonetheless, most e-commerce transactions occur through platforms based in the United States, with a scarcity of examples of Latin American DSs (LADSs) that have grown to become large digital firms. Despite this, the literature has paid little attention to the relationship that exists between the institutional environment and LADS’s agency. The few extant studies that do exist have focused on either institutional or infrastructure constraints and public policies, or business models and resource analysis. To address this knowledge gap, this research studied LADSs in the four largest Latin American countries (Brazil, Mexico, Argentina, and Colombia), representing three-quarters of the region’s GDP, in order to answer the following questions: How do environmental pressures influence the development of LADSs? How do LADSs respond to these pressures and seize potential business opportunities? The research followed a critical realist philosophical foundation and was operationalised through a qualitative exploratory field study of forty organisations, including DSs, accelerators, investors, government agencies, and not-for-profits. Geel’s (2014) Triple Embeddedness Framework (TEF) was chosen as the theoretical framework to guide this research and integrates constructs from the Lean Start-up method (LSM), which was widely adopted by the LADSs to develop their business models. This study provides empirical support for the constructs outlined in the TEF, identifies crucial shortcomings in LSM, and uncovers new constructs that are necessary to accommodate the DSs’ digital properties, which result in tensions between their embeddedness in the institutional environment, their hybrid embeddedness in a product-sector industry and a digital industry, and their embeddedness in a multi-level organisational field that creates a core-periphery relationship between Latin America and the United States. Therefore, a new framework, entitled DIME, is proposed to assist e-entrepreneurs when developing digital business models to achieve the right firm-environment-fit in Latin America. The findings of this study will also contribute to future research, and to guide policy makers interested in fostering the development of the digital economy in emerging economies.

Submitted by Silvana Teresinha Dornelles Studzinski (sstudzinski) on 2016-06-15T13:01:35Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Elizandra Machado Ogliari_.pdf: 3447300 bytes, checksum: 9571434ce3c3036a37c4afc86c11a56d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-15T13:01:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Elizandra Machado Ogliari_.pdf: 3447300 bytes, checksum: 9571434ce3c3036a37c4afc86c11a56d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-18 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / PROSUP - Programa de Suporte à Pós-Gradução de Instituições de Ensino Particulares / A melhoria nos processos produtivos em busca da eficiência na produção de novos bens e o crescimento populacional acompanhado pela elevação no consumo, ocasionam uma crescente geração de resíduos sólidos. Verifica-se que os problemas ambientais são decorrentes do perfil de consumo que as pessoas passaram a adotar ao longo dos anos, porém há um aumento de preocupação com a destinação adequada dos resíduos sólidos gerados pela sociedade. O reflexo desta preocupação são leis que foram criadas para proteger o meio ambiente. Um marco na legislação brasileira foi a Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos, que busca com o apoio dos empreendimentos de catadores de materiais recicláveis, realizar uma gestão correta dos resíduos sólidos urbanos. No entanto, no país, os empreendimentos que realizam a coleta, triagem e comercialização de resíduos sólidos, possuem níveis elevados de rejeitos ocasionados nas atividades internas. Sendo assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar o gerenciamento dos resíduos sólidos urbanos em dois empreendimentos de catadores de materiais recicláveis localizados na região metropolitana de Porto Alegre/RS para propor, a partir destes estudos, ações voltadas ao aumento da eficiência de triagem dos empreendimentos de catadores de materiais recicláveis instalados em vários municípios brasileiros. Foi possível observar que variáveis externas às atividades dos empreendimentos de catadores de materiais recicláveis, como veículo utilizado na coleta, influenciam nos níveis de rejeitos encaminhados aos aterros. Gerencialmente, a coleta seletiva é mais eficaz para obter melhor aproveitamento dos materiais potencialmente recicláveis. A COOTRE que realiza a coleta seletiva de RSU com caminhão com carroceria e tria com a esteira parada, apresenta eficiência de 97,1% na triagem dos materiais potencialmente recicláveis. Já a COOPERESÍDUOS que recebe RSU procedentes da coleta regular realizada com caminhão compactador e opera a triagem em uma esteira com velocidade de 20m/min, possui eficiência de 15,6% na triagem de materiais potencialmente recicláveis. Cabe considerar, contudo que, embora percentualmente esta eficiência seja bem menor que a da outra cooperativa, em função da quantidade de resíduos coletados nesta forma (regular com posterior triagem) ser muito maior, o resultado financeiro ainda é superior. A efetiva melhoria no processo está na mudança do sistema de coleta, de regular para seletiva, já que na coleta regular realizada hoje em São Leopoldo, 59,7% do total coletado é inadequado à reciclagem de inertes. Estes resíduos nem deveriam passar por qualquer triagem, sendo encaminhados diretamente para área de disposição final. / The improvement in production processes in pursuit of efficiency in the production of consumer goods and population growth accompanied by an increase in consumption, cause an increasing solid waste generation. It appears that environmental problems are arising from the consumption profile that people have adopted over the years, but there is a concern increased with the proper disposal of solid waste generated by society. The reflection of this concern are laws that are designed to protect the environment. A milestone in Brazilian law was the National Solid Waste Policy, which seeks the support of pickers of recyclable materials enterprises, conduct proper management of municipal solid waste. However, in the country, the enterprises that carry out the collection, sorting and marketing of solid waste, have caused high levels of waste in the internal activities. Thus, the aim of this study was to analyze the management of municipal solid waste in two projects of recyclable material collectors located in the metropolitan region of Porto Alegre / RS to propose, from these studies, actions aimed at increasing the enterprises screening efficiency of recyclable material collectors installed in various municipalities. It was observed that external variables to the activities of waste pickers ventures as a vehicle used in the collection, influence the levels of waste sent to landfills. Management, selective collection is more effective for better use of potentially recyclable materials. The COOTRE that performs the selective collection of MSW with truck body and with industry to stop treadmill, shows 97,1% efficiency in the screening of potentially recyclable materials. COOPERESÍDUOS already receiving MSW coming from the regular collection held with compactor truck and operates screening on a treadmill at a speed of 20m / min, it has 15,6% efficiency in the screening of potentially recyclable materials. It is worth noting, however, that although this percentage efficiency is much lower than that of the other cooperative, depending on the amount of waste collected in this way (with subsequent regular screening) be much larger, the financial result is even higher. The actual process improvement lies in changing the collection system regularly for selective, since the regular collection held today in São Leopoldo, 59,7% of the total collected is inadequate recycling of aggregates. This waste should not go through any screening being sent directly to final disposal area.